diff --git a/src/ActiveRecord.php b/src/ActiveRecord.php
index d282e144d..f2a7f830e 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRecord.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRecord.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 use ArrayAccess;
 use IteratorAggregate;
-use Throwable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Trait\ArrayableTrait;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Trait\ArrayAccessTrait;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Trait\ArrayIteratorTrait;
@@ -14,84 +13,27 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Trait\MagicRelationsTrait;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Trait\TransactionalTrait;
 use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayableInterface;
-use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
-use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
-use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidConfigException;
-use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\TableSchemaInterface;
-
-use function array_diff;
-use function array_keys;
-use function array_map;
-use function array_values;
-use function in_array;
-use function is_array;
-use function is_string;
-use function key;
-use function preg_replace;
 
 /**
- * ActiveRecord is the base class for classes representing relational data in terms of objects.
- *
- * Active Record implements the [Active Record design pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_record).
- *
- * The premise behind Active Record is that an individual {@see ActiveRecord} object is associated with a specific row
- * in a database table. The object's attributes are mapped to the columns of the corresponding table.
- *
- * Referencing an Active Record attribute is equivalent to accessing the corresponding table column for that record.
- *
- * As an example, say that the `Customer` ActiveRecord class is associated with the `customer` table.
- *
- * This would mean that the class's `name` attribute is automatically mapped to the `name` column in `customer` table.
- * Thanks to Active Record, assuming the variable `$customer` is an object of type `Customer`, to get the value of the
- * `name` column for the table row, you can use the expression `$customer->name`.
- *
- * In this example, Active Record is providing an object-oriented interface for accessing data stored in the database.
- * But Active Record provides much more functionality than this.
- *
- * To declare an ActiveRecord class you need to extend {@see ActiveRecord} and implement the `getTableName` method:
- *
- * ```php
- * class Customer extends ActiveRecord
- * {
- *     public static function getTableName(): string
- *     {
- *         return 'customer';
- *     }
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * The `getTableName` method only has to return the name of the database table associated with the class.
- *
- * Class instances are obtained in one of two ways:
- *
- * Using the `new` operator to create a new, empty object.
- * Using a method to fetch an existing record (or records) from the database.
+ * Active Record class which implements {@see ActiveRecordInterface} and provides additional features like:
  *
- * Below is an example showing some typical usage of ActiveRecord:
+ * - {@see ArrayableInterface}: to convert the object into an array;
+ * - {@see ArrayAccess}: to access attributes as array elements;
+ * - {@see IteratorAggregate}: to iterate over attributes;
+ * - {@see TransactionalInterface}: to handle transactions;
+ * - {@see MagicPropertiesTrait}: to access attributes as properties;
+ * - {@see MagicRelationsTrait}: to access relation queries.
  *
- * ```php
- * $user = new User($db);
- * $user->name = 'Qiang';
- * $user->save();  // a new row is inserted into user table
- *
- * // the following will retrieve the user 'CeBe' from the database
- * $userQuery = new ActiveQuery(User::class, $db);
- * $user = $userQuery->where(['name' => 'CeBe'])->one();
- *
- * // this will get related records from orders table when relation is defined
- * $orders = $user->orders;
- * ```
- *
- * For more details and usage information on ActiveRecord,
- * {@see the [guide article on ActiveRecord](guide:db-active-record)}
- *
- * @method ActiveQuery hasMany($class, array $link) {@see BaseActiveRecord::hasMany()} for more info.
- * @method ActiveQuery hasOne($class, array $link) {@see BaseActiveRecord::hasOne()} for more info.
+ * @see BaseActiveRecord for more information.
  *
  * @template-implements ArrayAccess<string, mixed>
  * @template-implements IteratorAggregate<string, mixed>
  */
-class ActiveRecord extends AbstractActiveRecord implements ArrayableInterface, ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate, TransactionalInterface
+class ActiveRecord extends BaseActiveRecord implements
+    ArrayableInterface,
+    ArrayAccess,
+    IteratorAggregate,
+    TransactionalInterface
 {
     use ArrayableTrait;
     use ArrayAccessTrait;
@@ -99,190 +41,4 @@ class ActiveRecord extends AbstractActiveRecord implements ArrayableInterface, A
     use MagicPropertiesTrait;
     use MagicRelationsTrait;
     use TransactionalTrait;
-
-    public function attributes(): array
-    {
-        return $this->getTableSchema()->getColumnNames();
-    }
-
-    public function filterCondition(array $condition, array $aliases = []): array
-    {
-        $result = [];
-
-        $columnNames = $this->filterValidColumnNames($aliases);
-
-        foreach ($condition as $key => $value) {
-            if (is_string($key) && !in_array($this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql($key), $columnNames, true)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                    'Key "' . $key . '" is not a column name and can not be used as a filter'
-                );
-            }
-            $result[$key] = is_array($value) ? array_values($value) : $value;
-        }
-
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-    public function filterValidAliases(ActiveQuery $query): array
-    {
-        $tables = $query->getTablesUsedInFrom();
-
-        $aliases = array_diff(array_keys($tables), $tables);
-
-        return array_map(static fn ($alias) => preg_replace('/{{([\w]+)}}/', '$1', $alias), array_values($aliases));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the schema information of the DB table associated with this AR class.
-     *
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @throws InvalidConfigException If the table for the AR class does not exist.
-     *
-     * @return TableSchemaInterface The schema information of the DB table associated with this AR class.
-     */
-    public function getTableSchema(): TableSchemaInterface
-    {
-        $tableSchema = $this->db->getSchema()->getTableSchema($this->getTableName());
-
-        if ($tableSchema === null) {
-            throw new InvalidConfigException('The table does not exist: ' . $this->getTableName());
-        }
-
-        return $tableSchema;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Loads default values from database table schema.
-     *
-     * You may call this method to load default values after creating a new instance:
-     *
-     * ```php
-     * // class Customer extends ActiveRecord
-     * $customer = new Customer($db);
-     * $customer->loadDefaultValues();
-     * ```
-     *
-     * @param bool $skipIfSet Whether existing value should be preserved. This will only set defaults for attributes
-     * that are `null`.
-     *
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @throws InvalidConfigException
-     *
-     * @return self The active record instance itself.
-     */
-    public function loadDefaultValues(bool $skipIfSet = true): self
-    {
-        foreach ($this->getTableSchema()->getColumns() as $name => $column) {
-            if ($column->getDefaultValue() !== null && (!$skipIfSet || $this->getAttribute($name) === null)) {
-                $this->setAttribute($name, $column->getDefaultValue());
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $this;
-    }
-
-    public function populateRecord(array|object $row): void
-    {
-        $columns = $this->getTableSchema()->getColumns();
-
-        /** @psalm-var array[][] $row */
-        foreach ($row as $name => $value) {
-            if (isset($columns[$name])) {
-                $row[$name] = $columns[$name]->phpTypecast($value);
-            }
-        }
-
-        parent::populateRecord($row);
-    }
-
-    public function primaryKey(): array
-    {
-        return $this->getTableSchema()->getPrimaryKey();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidConfigException
-     * @throws Throwable
-     */
-    public function refresh(): bool
-    {
-        $query = $this->instantiateQuery(static::class);
-
-        $tableName = key($query->getTablesUsedInFrom());
-        $pk = [];
-
-        /** disambiguate column names in case ActiveQuery adds a JOIN */
-        foreach ($this->getPrimaryKey(true) as $key => $value) {
-            $pk[$tableName . '.' . $key] = $value;
-        }
-
-        $query->where($pk);
-
-        return $this->refreshInternal($query->onePopulate());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Valid column names are table column names or column names prefixed with table name or table alias.
-     *
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @throws InvalidConfigException
-     */
-    protected function filterValidColumnNames(array $aliases): array
-    {
-        $columnNames = [];
-        $tableName = $this->getTableName();
-        $quotedTableName = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteTableName($tableName);
-
-        foreach ($this->getTableSchema()->getColumnNames() as $columnName) {
-            $columnNames[] = $columnName;
-            $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteColumnName($columnName);
-            $columnNames[] = "$tableName.$columnName";
-            $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql("$quotedTableName.[[$columnName]]");
-
-            foreach ($aliases as $tableAlias) {
-                $columnNames[] = "$tableAlias.$columnName";
-                $quotedTableAlias = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteTableName($tableAlias);
-                $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql("$quotedTableAlias.[[$columnName]]");
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $columnNames;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts an ActiveRecord into DB without considering transaction.
-     *
-     * @param array|null $attributes List of attributes that need to be saved. Defaults to `null`, meaning all
-     * attributes that are loaded from DB will be saved.
-     *
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidConfigException
-     * @throws Throwable
-     *
-     * @return bool Whether the record is inserted successfully.
-     */
-    protected function insertInternal(array $attributes = null): bool
-    {
-        $values = $this->getDirtyAttributes($attributes);
-        $primaryKeys = $this->db->createCommand()->insertWithReturningPks($this->getTableName(), $values);
-
-        if ($primaryKeys === false) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        $columns = $this->getTableSchema()->getColumns();
-
-        foreach ($primaryKeys as $name => $value) {
-            $id = $columns[$name]->phpTypecast($value);
-            $this->setAttribute($name, $id);
-            $values[$name] = $id;
-        }
-
-        $this->setOldAttributes($values);
-
-        return true;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/BaseActiveRecord.php b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf5a64260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord;
+
+use Throwable;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidConfigException;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\TableSchemaInterface;
+
+use function array_diff;
+use function array_keys;
+use function array_map;
+use function array_values;
+use function in_array;
+use function is_array;
+use function is_string;
+use function key;
+use function preg_replace;
+
+/**
+ * Base Active Record class which implements {@see ActiveRecordInterface} with the minimum set of methods.
+ *
+ * Active Record implements the [Active Record design pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_record).
+ *
+ * The premise behind Active Record is that an individual {@see ActiveRecord} object is associated with a specific row
+ * in a database table. The object's attributes are mapped to the columns of the corresponding table.
+ *
+ * Referencing an Active Record attribute is equivalent to accessing the corresponding table column for that record.
+ *
+ * As an example, say that the `Customer` ActiveRecord class is associated with the `customer` table.
+ *
+ * This would mean that the class's `name` attribute is automatically mapped to the `name` column in `customer` table.
+ * Thanks to Active Record, assuming the variable `$customer` is an object of type `Customer`, to get the value of the
+ * `name` column for the table row, you can use the expression `$customer->name`.
+ *
+ * In this example, Active Record is providing an object-oriented interface for accessing data stored in the database.
+ * But Active Record provides much more functionality than this.
+ *
+ * To declare an ActiveRecord class you need to extend {@see ActiveRecord} and implement the `getTableName` method:
+ *
+ * ```php
+ * class Customer extends ActiveRecord
+ * {
+ *     public static function getTableName(): string
+ *     {
+ *         return 'customer';
+ *     }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The `getTableName` method only has to return the name of the database table associated with the class.
+ *
+ * Class instances are obtained in one of two ways:
+ *
+ * Using the `new` operator to create a new, empty object.
+ * Using a method to fetch an existing record (or records) from the database.
+ *
+ * Below is an example showing some typical usage of ActiveRecord:
+ *
+ * ```php
+ * $user = new User($db);
+ * $user->name = 'Qiang';
+ * $user->save();  // a new row is inserted into user table
+ *
+ * // the following will retrieve the user 'CeBe' from the database
+ * $userQuery = new ActiveQuery(User::class, $db);
+ * $user = $userQuery->where(['name' => 'CeBe'])->one();
+ *
+ * // this will get related records from orders table when relation is defined
+ * $orders = $user->orders;
+ * ```
+ *
+ * For more details and usage information on ActiveRecord,
+ * {@see the [guide article on ActiveRecord](guide:db-active-record)}
+ */
+class BaseActiveRecord extends AbstractActiveRecord
+{
+    public function attributes(): array
+    {
+        return $this->getTableSchema()->getColumnNames();
+    }
+
+    public function filterCondition(array $condition, array $aliases = []): array
+    {
+        $result = [];
+
+        $columnNames = $this->filterValidColumnNames($aliases);
+
+        foreach ($condition as $key => $value) {
+            if (is_string($key) && !in_array($this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql($key), $columnNames, true)) {
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+                    'Key "' . $key . '" is not a column name and can not be used as a filter'
+                );
+            }
+            $result[$key] = is_array($value) ? array_values($value) : $value;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    public function filterValidAliases(ActiveQuery $query): array
+    {
+        $tables = $query->getTablesUsedInFrom();
+
+        $aliases = array_diff(array_keys($tables), $tables);
+
+        return array_map(static fn ($alias) => preg_replace('/{{([\w]+)}}/', '$1', $alias), array_values($aliases));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the schema information of the DB table associated with this AR class.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws InvalidConfigException If the table for the AR class does not exist.
+     *
+     * @return TableSchemaInterface The schema information of the DB table associated with this AR class.
+     */
+    public function getTableSchema(): TableSchemaInterface
+    {
+        $tableSchema = $this->db->getSchema()->getTableSchema($this->getTableName());
+
+        if ($tableSchema === null) {
+            throw new InvalidConfigException('The table does not exist: ' . $this->getTableName());
+        }
+
+        return $tableSchema;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads default values from database table schema.
+     *
+     * You may call this method to load default values after creating a new instance:
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // class Customer extends ActiveRecord
+     * $customer = new Customer($db);
+     * $customer->loadDefaultValues();
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @param bool $skipIfSet Whether existing value should be preserved. This will only set defaults for attributes
+     * that are `null`.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws InvalidConfigException
+     *
+     * @return self The active record instance itself.
+     */
+    public function loadDefaultValues(bool $skipIfSet = true): self
+    {
+        foreach ($this->getTableSchema()->getColumns() as $name => $column) {
+            if ($column->getDefaultValue() !== null && (!$skipIfSet || $this->getAttribute($name) === null)) {
+                $this->setAttribute($name, $column->getDefaultValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function populateRecord(array|object $row): void
+    {
+        $columns = $this->getTableSchema()->getColumns();
+
+        /** @psalm-var array[][] $row */
+        foreach ($row as $name => $value) {
+            if (isset($columns[$name])) {
+                $row[$name] = $columns[$name]->phpTypecast($value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        parent::populateRecord($row);
+    }
+
+    public function primaryKey(): array
+    {
+        return $this->getTableSchema()->getPrimaryKey();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+     * @throws InvalidConfigException
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    public function refresh(): bool
+    {
+        $query = $this->instantiateQuery(static::class);
+
+        $tableName = key($query->getTablesUsedInFrom());
+        $pk = [];
+
+        /** disambiguate column names in case ActiveQuery adds a JOIN */
+        foreach ($this->getPrimaryKey(true) as $key => $value) {
+            $pk[$tableName . '.' . $key] = $value;
+        }
+
+        $query->where($pk);
+
+        return $this->refreshInternal($query->onePopulate());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid column names are table column names or column names prefixed with table name or table alias.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws InvalidConfigException
+     */
+    protected function filterValidColumnNames(array $aliases): array
+    {
+        $columnNames = [];
+        $tableName = $this->getTableName();
+        $quotedTableName = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteTableName($tableName);
+
+        foreach ($this->getTableSchema()->getColumnNames() as $columnName) {
+            $columnNames[] = $columnName;
+            $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteColumnName($columnName);
+            $columnNames[] = "$tableName.$columnName";
+            $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql("$quotedTableName.[[$columnName]]");
+
+            foreach ($aliases as $tableAlias) {
+                $columnNames[] = "$tableAlias.$columnName";
+                $quotedTableAlias = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteTableName($tableAlias);
+                $columnNames[] = $this->db->getQuoter()->quoteSql("$quotedTableAlias.[[$columnName]]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $columnNames;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inserts an ActiveRecord into DB without considering transaction.
+     *
+     * @param array|null $attributes List of attributes that need to be saved. Defaults to `null`, meaning all
+     * attributes that are loaded from DB will be saved.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+     * @throws InvalidConfigException
+     * @throws Throwable
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether the record is inserted successfully.
+     */
+    protected function insertInternal(array $attributes = null): bool
+    {
+        $values = $this->getDirtyAttributes($attributes);
+        $primaryKeys = $this->db->createCommand()->insertWithReturningPks($this->getTableName(), $values);
+
+        if ($primaryKeys === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $columns = $this->getTableSchema()->getColumns();
+
+        foreach ($primaryKeys as $name => $value) {
+            $id = $columns[$name]->phpTypecast($value);
+            $this->setAttribute($name, $id);
+            $values[$name] = $id;
+        }
+
+        $this->setOldAttributes($values);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}