diff --git a/src/ActiveRecord.php b/src/ActiveRecord.php
index 8d3aea4f8..10e7b20fa 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRecord.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRecord.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidConfigException;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\SchemaInterface;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\TableSchemaInterface;
 
 use function array_diff;
@@ -84,6 +85,11 @@ public function attributes(): array
         return $this->getTableSchema()->getColumnNames();
     }
 
+    public function columnType(string $columnName): string
+    {
+        return $this->getTableSchema()->getColumn($columnName)?->getType() ?? SchemaInterface::TYPE_STRING;
+    }
+
     public function filterCondition(array $condition, array $aliases = []): array
     {
         $result = [];
diff --git a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
index a54f65ef8..6ae6d0bfc 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidConfigException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\NotSupportedException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\StaleObjectException;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\SchemaInterface;
 
 interface ActiveRecordInterface
 {
@@ -25,6 +26,12 @@ interface ActiveRecordInterface
      */
     public function attributes(): array;
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the abstract type of the column. See {@see SchemaInterface} constants started with prefix `TYPE_` for
+     * possible abstract types.
+     */
+    public function columnType(string $columnName): string;
+
     /**
      * Returns the database connection used by the Active Record instance.
      */
diff --git a/src/ActiveRelationTrait.php b/src/ActiveRelationTrait.php
index 5fa26c548..270a5e0ff 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRelationTrait.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRelationTrait.php
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidConfigException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\NotSupportedException;
+use Yiisoft\Db\QueryBuilder\Condition\ArrayOverlapsCondition;
+use Yiisoft\Db\QueryBuilder\Condition\InCondition;
+use Yiisoft\Db\QueryBuilder\Condition\JsonOverlapsCondition;
+use Yiisoft\Db\Schema\SchemaInterface;
 
 use function array_column;
 use function array_combine;
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@
 use function array_filter;
 use function array_flip;
 use function array_intersect_key;
+use function array_key_first;
 use function array_keys;
 use function array_merge;
 use function array_unique;
@@ -505,11 +510,11 @@ protected function filterByModels(array $models): void
 
         if (count($attributes) === 1) {
             /** single key */
-            $attribute = reset($this->link);
+            $linkedAttribute = reset($this->link);
 
             if ($model instanceof ActiveRecordInterface) {
                 foreach ($models as $model) {
-                    $value = $model->getAttribute($attribute);
+                    $value = $model->getAttribute($linkedAttribute);
 
                     if ($value !== null) {
                         if (is_array($value)) {
@@ -521,8 +526,8 @@ protected function filterByModels(array $models): void
                 }
             } else {
                 foreach ($models as $model) {
-                    if (isset($model[$attribute])) {
-                        $value = $model[$attribute];
+                    if (isset($model[$linkedAttribute])) {
+                        $value = $model[$linkedAttribute];
 
                         if (is_array($value)) {
                             $values = [...$values, ...$value];
@@ -533,31 +538,47 @@ protected function filterByModels(array $models): void
                 }
             }
 
-            if (!empty($values)) {
-                $scalarValues = array_filter($values, 'is_scalar');
-                $nonScalarValues = array_diff_key($values, $scalarValues);
-
-                $scalarValues = array_unique($scalarValues);
-                $values = [...$scalarValues, ...$nonScalarValues];
+            if (empty($values)) {
+                $this->emulateExecution();
+                $this->andWhere('1=0');
+                return;
             }
-        } else {
-            $nulls = array_fill_keys($this->link, null);
 
-            if ($model instanceof ActiveRecordInterface) {
-                foreach ($models as $model) {
-                    $value = $model->getAttributes($this->link);
+            $scalarValues = array_filter($values, 'is_scalar');
+            $nonScalarValues = array_diff_key($values, $scalarValues);
 
-                    if (!empty($value)) {
-                        $values[] = array_combine($attributes, array_merge($nulls, $value));
-                    }
+            $scalarValues = array_unique($scalarValues);
+            $values = [...$scalarValues, ...$nonScalarValues];
+
+            $attribute = reset($attributes);
+            /** @var string $columnName */
+            $columnName = array_key_first($this->link);
+
+            match ($this->getARInstance()->columnType($columnName)) {
+                'array' => $this->andWhere(new ArrayOverlapsCondition($attribute, $values)),
+                SchemaInterface::TYPE_JSON => $this->andWhere(new JsonOverlapsCondition($attribute, $values)),
+                default => $this->andWhere(new InCondition($attribute, 'IN', $values)),
+            };
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $nulls = array_fill_keys($this->link, null);
+
+        if ($model instanceof ActiveRecordInterface) {
+            foreach ($models as $model) {
+                $value = $model->getAttributes($this->link);
+
+                if (!empty($value)) {
+                    $values[] = array_combine($attributes, array_merge($nulls, $value));
                 }
-            } else {
-                foreach ($models as $model) {
-                    $value = array_intersect_key($model, $nulls);
+            }
+        } else {
+            foreach ($models as $model) {
+                $value = array_intersect_key($model, $nulls);
 
-                    if (!empty($value)) {
-                        $values[] = array_combine($attributes, array_merge($nulls, $value));
-                    }
+                if (!empty($value)) {
+                    $values[] = array_combine($attributes, array_merge($nulls, $value));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -568,7 +589,7 @@ protected function filterByModels(array $models): void
             return;
         }
 
-        $this->andWhere(['in', $attributes, $values]);
+        $this->andWhere(new InCondition($attributes, 'IN', $values));
     }
 
     private function getModelKeys(ActiveRecordInterface|array $activeRecord, array $attributes): array
diff --git a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
index e52c4edab..2f893c567 100644
--- a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use DivisionByZeroError;
 use ReflectionException;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveQuery;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ArArrayHelper;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ConnectionProvider;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Animal;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Cat;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\OrderItem;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\OrderItemWithNullFK;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\OrderWithFactory;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Promotion;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Profile;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Type;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Support\Assert;
@@ -1110,4 +1112,62 @@ public function testSerialization(): void
             serialize($profile)
         );
     }
+
+    public function testRelationViaJson()
+    {
+        if (in_array($this->db()->getDriverName(), ['oci', 'sqlsrv'], true)) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('Oracle and MSSQL drivers do not support JSON columns.');
+        }
+
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db(), 'promotion');
+
+        $promotionQuery = new ActiveQuery(Promotion::class);
+        /** @var Promotion[] $promotions */
+        $promotions = $promotionQuery->with('itemsViaJson')->all();
+
+        $this->assertSame([1, 2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([3, 4, 5], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertCount(0, $promotions[3]->getItemsViaJson());
+
+        /** Test inverse relation */
+        foreach ($promotions as $promotion) {
+            foreach ($promotion->getItemsViaJson() as $item) {
+                $this->assertTrue($item->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaJson()[0]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaJson()[1]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaJson()[0]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaJson()[1]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaJson()[2]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaJson()[0]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaJson()[1]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+    }
+
+    public function testLazzyRelationViaJson()
+    {
+        if (in_array($this->db()->getDriverName(), ['oci', 'sqlsrv'], true)) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('Oracle and MSSQL drivers do not support JSON columns.');
+        }
+
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db(), 'item');
+
+        $itemQuery = new ActiveQuery(Item::class);
+        /** @var Item[] $items */
+        $items = $itemQuery->all();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($items[0]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[1]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[2]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[3]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[4]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaJson'));
+
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[0]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[1]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[2]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[3]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[4]->getPromotionsViaJson(), 'id'));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 2ac1a5e95..177e4fcd9 100644
--- a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use Traversable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveQuery;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ArArrayHelper;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Driver\Pgsql\Stubs\Item;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Driver\Pgsql\Stubs\Promotion;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Driver\Pgsql\Stubs\Type;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\ArrayAndJsonTypes;
@@ -445,26 +446,47 @@ public function testRelationViaArray()
 
         $promotionQuery = new ActiveQuery(Promotion::class);
         /** @var Promotion[] $promotions */
-        $promotions = $promotionQuery->with('items')->all();
+        $promotions = $promotionQuery->with('itemsViaArray')->all();
 
-        $this->assertSame([1, 2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItems(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([3, 4, 5], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItems(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItems(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertCount(0, $promotions[3]->getItems());
+        $this->assertSame([1, 2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([3, 4, 5], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertCount(0, $promotions[3]->getItemsViaArray());
 
         /** Test inverse relation */
         foreach ($promotions as $promotion) {
-            foreach ($promotion->getItems() as $item) {
-                $this->assertTrue($item->isRelationPopulated('promotions'));
+            foreach ($promotion->getItemsViaArray() as $item) {
+                $this->assertTrue($item->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
             }
         }
 
-        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItems()[0]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([1], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItems()[1]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItems()[0]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItems()[1]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItems()[2]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItems()[0]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
-        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItems()[1]->getPromotions(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaArray()[0]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[0]->getItemsViaArray()[1]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaArray()[0]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaArray()[1]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[1]->getItemsViaArray()[2]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaArray()[0]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($promotions[2]->getItemsViaArray()[1]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+    }
+
+    public function testLazzyRelationViaArray()
+    {
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db(), 'item');
+
+        $itemQuery = new ActiveQuery(Item::class);
+        /** @var Item[] $items */
+        $items = $itemQuery->all();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($items[0]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[1]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[2]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[3]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
+        $this->assertFalse($items[4]->isRelationPopulated('promotionsViaArray'));
+
+        $this->assertSame([1, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[0]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([1], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[1]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2, 3], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[2]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[3]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
+        $this->assertSame([2], ArArrayHelper::getColumn($items[4]->getPromotionsViaArray(), 'id'));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Item.php b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Item.php
index fcb19dc49..07be93d07 100644
--- a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Item.php
+++ b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Item.php
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ final class Item extends \Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Item
     public function relationQuery(string $name): ActiveQueryInterface
     {
         return match ($name) {
-            'promotions' => $this->hasMany(Promotion::class, ['item_ids' => 'id']),
+            'promotionsViaArray' => $this->hasMany(Promotion::class, ['array_item_ids' => 'id']),
             default => parent::relationQuery($name),
         };
     }
 
     /** @return Promotion[] */
-    public function getPromotions(): array
+    public function getPromotionsViaArray(): array
     {
-        return $this->relation('promotions');
+        return $this->relation('promotionsViaArray');
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Promotion.php b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Promotion.php
index 730728bd5..2b447babb 100644
--- a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Promotion.php
+++ b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/Stubs/Promotion.php
@@ -5,15 +5,9 @@
 namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Driver\Pgsql\Stubs;
 
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveQueryInterface;
-use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveRecord;
 
-final class Promotion extends ActiveRecord
+final class Promotion extends \Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Promotion
 {
-    public int $id;
-    /** @var int[] $item_ids */
-    public array $item_ids;
-    public string $title;
-
     public function getTableName(): string
     {
         return '{{%promotion}}';
@@ -22,14 +16,15 @@ public function getTableName(): string
     public function relationQuery(string $name): ActiveQueryInterface
     {
         return match ($name) {
-            'items' => $this->hasMany(Item::class, ['id' => 'item_ids'])->inverseOf('promotions'),
+            'itemsViaArray' => $this->hasMany(Item::class, ['id' => 'array_item_ids'])
+                ->inverseOf('promotionsViaArray'),
             default => parent::relationQuery($name),
         };
     }
 
     /** @return Item[] */
-    public function getItems(): array
+    public function getItemsViaArray(): array
     {
-        return $this->relation('items');
+        return $this->relation('itemsViaArray');
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Item.php b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Item.php
index 40d149586..ee4ed4658 100644
--- a/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Item.php
+++ b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Item.php
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public function relationQuery(string $name): ActiveQueryInterface
     {
         return match ($name) {
             'category' => $this->getCategoryQuery(),
+            'promotionsViaJson' => $this->hasMany(Promotion::class, ['json_item_ids' => 'id']),
             default => parent::relationQuery($name),
         };
     }
@@ -54,4 +55,10 @@ public function getCategoryQuery(): ActiveQuery
     {
         return $this->hasOne(Category::class, ['id' => 'category_id']);
     }
+
+    /** @return Promotion[] */
+    public function getPromotionsViaJson(): array
+    {
+        return $this->relation('promotionsViaJson');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Promotion.php b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Promotion.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86a5654e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/Promotion.php
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord;
+
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveQueryInterface;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveRecord;
+
+class Promotion extends ActiveRecord
+{
+    public int $id;
+    /** @var int[] $array_item_ids */
+    public array $array_item_ids;
+    /** @var int[] $json_item_ids */
+    public array $json_item_ids;
+    public string $title;
+
+    public function getTableName(): string
+    {
+        return '{{%promotion}}';
+    }
+
+    public function relationQuery(string $name): ActiveQueryInterface
+    {
+        return match ($name) {
+            'itemsViaJson' => $this->hasMany(Item::class, ['id' => 'json_item_ids'])
+                ->inverseOf('promotionsViaJson'),
+            default => parent::relationQuery($name),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /** @return Item[] */
+    public function getItemsViaJson(): array
+    {
+        return $this->relation('itemsViaJson');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/mysql.sql b/tests/data/mysql.sql
index f4a4b3848..308c18199 100644
--- a/tests/data/mysql.sql
+++ b/tests/data/mysql.sql
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `composite_fk` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order_item` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order_item_with_null_fk` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `item` CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `promotion` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order_with_null_fk` CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `category` CASCADE;
@@ -74,6 +75,12 @@ CREATE TABLE `item` (
   CONSTRAINT `FK_item_category_id` FOREIGN KEY (`category_id`) REFERENCES `category` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 
+CREATE TABLE `promotion` (
+  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
+  `json_item_ids` json NOT NULL,
+  `title` varchar(126) NOT NULL
+) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
+
 CREATE TABLE `order` (
   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `customer_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
@@ -246,6 +253,11 @@ INSERT INTO `item` (name, category_id) VALUES ('Ice Age', 2);
 INSERT INTO `item` (name, category_id) VALUES ('Toy Story', 2);
 INSERT INTO `item` (name, category_id) VALUES ('Cars', 2);
 
+INSERT INTO `promotion` (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[1,2]', 'Discounted items');
+INSERT INTO `promotion` (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[3,4,5]', 'New arrivals');
+INSERT INTO `promotion` (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[1,3]', 'Free shipping');
+INSERT INTO `promotion` (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[]', 'Free!');
+
 INSERT INTO `order` (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (1, 1325282384, 110.0);
 INSERT INTO `order` (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325334482, 33.0);
 INSERT INTO `order` (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325502201, 40.0);
diff --git a/tests/data/pgsql.sql b/tests/data/pgsql.sql
index 8083b5b16..d53a408f3 100644
--- a/tests/data/pgsql.sql
+++ b/tests/data/pgsql.sql
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "composite_fk" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_item" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "item" CASCADE;
 DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS "item_id_seq_2" CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "promotion" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_item_with_null_fk" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_with_null_fk" CASCADE;
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "employee" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "department" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "alpha" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "beta" CASCADE;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "promotion" CASCADE;
 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "animal_view" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "T_constraints_4" CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "T_constraints_3" CASCADE;
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ CREATE TABLE "item" (
 );
 CREATE SEQUENCE "item_id_seq_2";
 
+CREATE TABLE "promotion" (
+  id serial primary key,
+  array_item_ids integer[] NOT NULL,
+  json_item_ids jsonb NOT NULL,
+  title varchar(126) NOT NULL
+);
+
 CREATE TABLE "order" (
   id serial not null primary key,
   customer_id integer NOT NULL references "customer"(id) on UPDATE CASCADE on DELETE CASCADE,
@@ -225,12 +232,6 @@ CREATE TABLE "beta" (
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
 );
 
-CREATE TABLE "promotion" (
-  id serial primary key,
-  item_ids integer[] not null,
-  title varchar(126) not null
-);
-
 CREATE VIEW "animal_view" AS SELECT * FROM "animal";
 
 INSERT INTO "animal" (type) VALUES ('Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Cat');
@@ -256,6 +257,11 @@ INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Ice Age', 2);
 INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Toy Story', 2);
 INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Cars', 2);
 
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (array_item_ids, json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('{1,2}', '[1,2]', 'Discounted items');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (array_item_ids, json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('{3,4,5}', '[3,4,5]', 'New arrivals');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (array_item_ids, json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('{1,3}', '[1,3]', 'Free shipping');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (array_item_ids, json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('{}', '[]', 'Free!');
+
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (1, 1325282384, 110.0);
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325334482, 33.0);
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325502201, 40.0);
@@ -309,11 +315,6 @@ INSERT INTO "beta" (id, alpha_string_identifier) VALUES (6, '2b');
 INSERT INTO "beta" (id, alpha_string_identifier) VALUES (7, '2b');
 INSERT INTO "beta" (id, alpha_string_identifier) VALUES (8, '02');
 
-INSERT INTO "promotion" (item_ids, title) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Discounted items');
-INSERT INTO "promotion" (item_ids, title) VALUES ('{3,4,5}', 'New arrivals');
-INSERT INTO "promotion" (item_ids, title) VALUES ('{1,3}', 'Free shipping');
-INSERT INTO "promotion" (item_ids, title) VALUES ('{}', 'Free!');
-
 /**
  * (Postgres-)Database Schema for validator tests
  */
diff --git a/tests/data/sqlite.sql b/tests/data/sqlite.sql
index e10b97fa9..8678bd494 100644
--- a/tests/data/sqlite.sql
+++ b/tests/data/sqlite.sql
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "composite_fk";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_item";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_item_with_null_fk";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "item";
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "promotion";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "order_with_null_fk";
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "category";
@@ -61,6 +62,13 @@ CREATE TABLE "item" (
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
 );
 
+CREATE TABLE "promotion" (
+  id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  json_item_ids JSON NOT NULL,
+  title varchar(126) NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (id)
+);
+
 CREATE TABLE "order" (
   id INTEGER NOT NULL,
   customer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
@@ -210,6 +218,11 @@ INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Ice Age', 2);
 INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Toy Story', 2);
 INSERT INTO "item" (name, category_id) VALUES ('Cars', 2);
 
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[1,2]', 'Discounted items');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[3,4,5]', 'New arrivals');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[1,3]', 'Free shipping');
+INSERT INTO "promotion" (json_item_ids, title) VALUES ('[]', 'Free!');
+
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (1, 1325282384, 110.0);
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325334482, 33.0);
 INSERT INTO "order" (customer_id, created_at, total) VALUES (2, 1325502201, 40.0);