diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 1d26f0fdf..9f43232ff 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     "require": {
         "php": "^8.0",
         "ext-json": "*",
+        "yiisoft/arrays": "^3.0",
         "yiisoft/db": "^1.1",
         "yiisoft/factory": "^1.0"
     },
diff --git a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
index 2177dd362..f8a9952b8 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord;
 
-use Closure;
 use Throwable;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
@@ -86,14 +85,6 @@ public function deleteAll(array $condition = []): int;
      */
     public function equals(self $record): bool;
 
-    /**
-     * @return array The default implementation returns the names of the columns whose values have been populated into
-     * this record.
-     *
-     * @psalm-return array<string, string|Closure>
-     */
-    public function fields(): array;
-
     /**
      * Filters array condition before it's assigned to a Query filter.
      *
@@ -499,9 +490,4 @@ public function getOldAttributes(): array;
      * @throws InvalidConfigException
      */
     public function populateRecord(array|object $row): void;
-
-    /**
-     * Serializes the active record into its array implementation with attribute name as a key, and it values as value.
-     */
-    public function toArray(): array;
 }
diff --git a/src/BaseActiveRecord.php b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
index bdbdd4d1d..d6cb497e3 100644
--- a/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
+++ b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 use IteratorAggregate;
 use ReflectionException;
 use Throwable;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayableInterface;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayableTrait;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Connection\ConnectionInterface;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
@@ -40,8 +42,9 @@
  * @template-implements ArrayAccess<int, mixed>
  * @template-implements IteratorAggregate<int>
  */
-abstract class BaseActiveRecord implements ActiveRecordInterface, IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess
+abstract class BaseActiveRecord implements ActiveRecordInterface, IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess, ArrayableInterface
 {
+    use ArrayableTrait;
     use BaseActiveRecordTrait;
 
     private array $attributes = [];
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ public function extraFields(): array
     }
 
     /**
-     * @psalm-suppress MixedReturnTypeCoercion
+     * @psalm-return array<string, string|Closure>
      */
     public function fields(): array
     {
@@ -1265,20 +1268,4 @@ public function getTableName(): string
 
         return $this->tableName;
     }
-
-    public function toArray(): array
-    {
-        $data = [];
-
-        foreach ($this->fields() as $key => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof Closure) {
-                /** @var mixed */
-                $data[$key] = $value($this);
-            } else {
-                /** @var mixed */
-                $data[$value] = $this[$value];
-            }
-        }
-        return $data;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/BaseActiveRecordTrait.php b/src/BaseActiveRecordTrait.php
index c5061b1ac..50c5ac2d4 100644
--- a/src/BaseActiveRecordTrait.php
+++ b/src/BaseActiveRecordTrait.php
@@ -250,11 +250,11 @@ public function offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed
      * It is implicitly called when you use something like `$model[$offset] = $item;`.
      *
      * @param mixed $offset the offset to set element.
-     * @param mixed $item the element value.
+     * @param mixed $value the element value.
      */
-    public function offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $item): void
+    public function offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void
     {
-        $this->$offset = $item;
+        $this->$offset = $value;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 4d054d29e..7d232d6cf 100644
--- a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Cat;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Customer;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerClosureField;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerForArrayable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerWithAlias;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Dog;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Item;
@@ -763,4 +764,58 @@ public function testToArrayWithClosure(): void
             $customer->toArray(),
         );
     }
+
+    public function testToArrayForArrayable(): void
+    {
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db, 'customer', true);
+
+        $customerQuery = new ActiveQuery(CustomerForArrayable::class, $this->db);
+
+        /** @var CustomerForArrayable $customer */
+        $customer = $customerQuery->findOne(1);
+        /** @var CustomerForArrayable $customer2 */
+        $customer2 = $customerQuery->findOne(2);
+        /** @var CustomerForArrayable $customer3 */
+        $customer3 = $customerQuery->findOne(3);
+
+        $customer->setItem($customer2);
+        $customer->setItems($customer3);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            [
+                'id' => 1,
+                'email' => 'user1@example.com',
+                'name' => 'user1',
+                'address' => 'address1',
+                'status' => 'active',
+                'item' => [
+                    'id' => 2,
+                    'email' => 'user2@example.com',
+                    'name' => 'user2',
+                    'status' => 'active',
+                ],
+                'items' => [
+                    [
+                        'id' => 3,
+                        'email' => 'user3@example.com',
+                        'name' => 'user3',
+                        'status' => 'inactive',
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ],
+            $customer->toArray([
+                'id',
+                'name',
+                'email',
+                'address',
+                'status',
+                'item.id',
+                'item.name',
+                'item.email',
+                'items.0.id',
+                'items.0.name',
+                'items.0.email',
+            ]),
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..591cd79cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord;
+
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveRecord;
+
+/**
+ * Class CustomerClosureField.
+ *
+ * @property int $id
+ * @property string $name
+ * @property string $email
+ * @property string $address
+ * @property int $status
+ */
+class CustomerForArrayable extends ActiveRecord
+{
+    public array $items = [];
+
+    public ?CustomerForArrayable $item = null;
+
+    public function getTableName(): string
+    {
+        return 'customer';
+    }
+
+    public function fields(): array
+    {
+        $fields = parent::fields();
+
+        $fields['item'] = 'item';
+        $fields['items'] = 'items';
+
+        return $fields;
+    }
+
+    public function setItem(self $item)
+    {
+        $this->item = $item;
+    }
+
+    public function setItems(self ...$items)
+    {
+        $this->items = $items;
+    }
+
+    public function toArray(array $fields = [], array $expand = [], bool $recursive = true): array
+    {
+        $data = parent::toArray($fields, $expand, $recursive);
+
+        $data['status'] = $this->status == 1 ? 'active' : 'inactive';
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+}