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CSS3边框相关属性.html
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CSS3边框相关属性.html
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<!-- build time:Wed Mar 09 2022 10:17:54 GMT+0800 (GMT+08:00) --><!doctype html><html class="theme-next mist" lang="zh-Hans"><head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.8.0"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="7Tau9WyVgxnsEY9oYedu9g0U6_8akOX3wiKbaYcrg9A"><meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="EVwLiaxdxX"><link href="/css/xps13.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="/css/message.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Baloo+Bhaijaan|Inconsolata|Josefin+Sans|Montserrat" rel="stylesheet"><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform"><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"><link href="/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?v=4.6.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="/css/main.css?v=5.1.1" rel="stylesheet" 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class="posts-expand"><article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="http://mrbird.cc/CSS3边框相关属性.html"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="MrBird"><meta itemprop="description" content=""><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/blogImage.jpg"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="MrBird"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">CSS3边框相关属性</h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text"></span> <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-07-17T09:26:30+08:00">2017-07-17 </time></span><span></span> <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="page-pv"><i class="fa fa-laptop"></i> Visit count <span class="busuanzi-value" id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>CSS3标准发布之前，对边框的样式的设定是非常单调的。CSS3标准发布之后，我们可以使用图片来定制边框，可以设置元素的阴影以及选择使用哪种盒子模型等。</p><h2 id="border-image"><a href="#border-image" class="headerlink" title="border-image"></a>border-image</h2><p><code>border-image</code>属性可以用图片作为边框样式。<code>border-image</code>属性可以拆分为5个属性：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-source // 边框图片源</span><br><span class="line">border-image-slice // 边框图片切割尺寸</span><br><span class="line">border-image-width // 边框图片宽度</span><br><span class="line">border-image-outset // 边框图片区域超出元素边框的尺寸</span><br><span class="line">border-image-repeat // 边框图片中间部分在元素对应部分的存在方式</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><a id="more"></a><h3 id="border-image-source"><a href="#border-image-source" class="headerlink" title="border-image-source"></a>border-image-source</h3><p>设置边框图片的源，用url()方式规定图片路径，相对和绝对路径都可。语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-source : none | <url></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><h3 id="border-image-slice"><a href="#border-image-slice" class="headerlink" title="border-image-slice"></a>border-image-slice</h3><p><code>border-image-slice</code>用来规定图片的切割位置。语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-slice: [ <number> | <percentage>]{1,4}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>属性值可以为number，也可以是percentage。如果是percentage方式，则是相对于图片的尺寸。比如有如下一个边框图片：</p><p><img src="img/ef7e418ec860a6a9a6ce9dbf8a058434.png" alt="ef7e418ec860a6a9a6ce9dbf8a058434.png"></p><p>每一个小方块的尺寸是27px，那么此图片的长宽尺寸是(27*3)像素。使用如下代码进行切割：</p><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">border-image-slice</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:27px</span> 27<span class="selector-tag">px</span> 27<span class="selector-tag">px</span> 27<span class="selector-tag">px</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>结果如下图所示：</p><p><img src="img/34a58685d3967e3afe7634c8cd1fd754.gif" alt="34a58685d3967e3afe7634c8cd1fd754.gif"></p><p>图片被切割后，会被划分为九个区域，这个九个区域会与元素的九个区域是一一对应的。</p><h3 id="border-image-width"><a href="#border-image-width" class="headerlink" title="border-image-width"></a>border-image-width</h3><p><code>border-image-width</code>用来规定边框图片宽度，语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-width : [ <length> | <percentage> | <number> | auto ]{1,4}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>此属性可以省略，此时边框图片区域与元素的border宽度是一致的。此属性可以有1-4值，取值方式和border-width类似，同时也遵循上右下左方式。</p><h3 id="border-image-outset"><a href="#border-image-outset" class="headerlink" title="border-image-outset"></a>border-image-outset</h3><p><code>border-image-outset</code>此属性用来规定边框图片区域超出元素边框的尺寸，语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-outset : [ <length> | <number> ]{1,4}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><h3 id="border-image-repeat"><a href="#border-image-repeat" class="headerlink" title="border-image-repeat"></a>border-image-repeat</h3><p><code>border-image-repeat</code>用来规定，切割后的边框图片中间部分（演示图片中的黄色部分）在元素对应部分的存在方式。语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">border-image-repeat: [ stretch | repeat | round ]{1,2}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>三种值的含义如下：</p><ul><li><code>stretch</code>：图片以延展方式来填充该区域。</li><li><code>repeat</code>：图片以重复平铺方式来填充该区域。</li><li><code>round</code>：图片以重复平铺方式来填充该区域。如果没有以整数的倍数来填充该区域，图片会进行缩放以便于整数性倍数的平铺填充。</li></ul><p>一般都是采用<code>round</code>。</p><h3 id="具体实例"><a href="#具体实例" class="headerlink" title="具体实例"></a>具体实例</h3><p>示例1：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="border-image-one" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/KqYQXR/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/KqYQXR/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">border-image-one</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>以上代码中，border-image-slice设置为27，由于没有规定border-image-width，那么将以边框的尺寸为标准，又由于没有规定border-image-repeat属性，则默认采用stretch方式，也就是拉伸被切割的中间区域（也即是演示图中的黄色区域）。</p><p>示例2：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="border-image-two" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/QgPQxr/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/QgPQxr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">border-image-two</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>边框设置为54px，边框图片将会自适应。</p><p>示例3：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="border-image-three" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/JJVpBj/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/JJVpBj/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">border-image-three</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>round方式可以自动调整切割后边框图片中间部分（演示图黄色部分）尺寸方式实现重复平铺效果，所以不会出现repeat那样的残缺现象。</p><h2 id="box-shadow"><a href="#box-shadow" class="headerlink" title="box-shadow"></a>box-shadow</h2><p><code>box-shadow</code>用来设置元素的投影效果。语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">box-shadow</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:h-shadow</span> <span class="selector-tag">v-shadow</span> <span class="selector-tag">blur</span> <span class="selector-tag">spread</span> <span class="selector-tag">color</span> <span class="selector-tag">inset</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>每个参数的具体意义：</p><ul><li><code>h-shadow</code>：必需，设置元素阴影水平偏移量，可以为负值，单位是像素。</li><li><code>v-shadow</code>：必需，设置元素阴影垂直偏移量，可以为负值，单位是像素。</li><li><code>blur</code>：可选，阴影模糊半径，只能够为正值，如果为0，表示不具有模糊效果，单位像素。</li><li><code>spread</code>：可选，阴影的扩展半径尺寸，可以为负值，单位是像素。</li><li><code>color</code>：可选，设置阴影的颜色；省略此参数，浏览器选取默认颜色，各个浏览器的默认可能不同，有的为透明。</li><li><code>inset</code>：可选，可以将外部阴影改为内部阴影。</li></ul><h3 id="具体实例-1"><a href="#具体实例-1" class="headerlink" title="具体实例"></a>具体实例</h3><p>示例1，只设置水平和垂直的偏移量：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="box-shadow-one" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/QgPQZx/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/QgPQZx/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">box-shadow-one</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>示例2，新增模糊半径和阴影颜色：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="box-shadow-two" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/NgmyeM/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/NgmyeM/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">box-shadow-two</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>示例3，设置多个阴影：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="box-shadow-three" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/WOWMPy/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/WOWMPy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">box-shadow-three</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><h2 id="box-sizing"><a href="#box-sizing" class="headerlink" title="box-sizing"></a>box-sizing</h2><p><code>box-sizing</code>属性用于指定元素采用哪种盒子模型。语法如下：</p><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">box-sizing ：content-box || border-box || inherit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>如果属性值是content-box，那么将采用标准盒模型；如果属性值是border-box，那么将采用怪异模式盒模型；如果属性值是inherit，那么将采用继承方式。</p><p>盒子模型目前安装W3C的标准可以分为两种：标准盒子模型和怪异盒子模型。</p><ul><li><strong>标准盒子模型</strong>，最常见的盒子模型，在这种盒子模型下，元素实际占宽为：width+padding+border+margin；实际占高为：height+padding+border+margin。</li><li><strong>怪异盒子模型</strong>，实际占宽：width+margin；实际占高：height+margin。其中width和height包含content，padding，border。</li></ul><p>标准盒子模型下元素的width和height构成了元素的内容区域，而这个区域对应着怪异盒子模型下content。</p><h3 id="具体实例-2"><a href="#具体实例-2" class="headerlink" title="具体实例"></a>具体实例</h3><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="box-sizing" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/mwgxyB/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/mwgxyB/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">box-sizing</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>以上代码中，有一个box容器和两个子div，由于精确设定了左右两个子div的宽度，恰好和box容器宽度相同，且采用浮动，所以两个子div可以水平排列。</p><p>现在给浮动的两个元素添加padding属性值，观察结果：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="box-sizing-two" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/GELxpO/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/GELxpO/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">box-sizing-two</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>由于默认采用标准盒子模型，给元素添加了padding属性后，元素实际占宽度改变了（比如宽度为width+padding+border+margin，因为增加了padding，所以总体的值变大了），并且大于父元素的宽度，所以导致了换行。我们可以采用怪异盒子模型来解决这个问题：</p><iframe height="300" scrolling="no" title="RgOMaL" src="//codepen.io/mrbird/embed/RgOMaL/?height=300&theme-id=30192&default-tab=css,result&embed-version=2" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen style="width:100%">See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird/pen/RgOMaL/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RgOMaL</a> by wuyouzhuguli (<a href="https://codepen.io/mrbird" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mrbird</a>) on <a href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CodePen</a>.</iframe><p>怪异盒子模型下，元素的width没有改变，所以实际占宽没变（width+margin）。而width在怪异盒子模型下的值为：content+padding+border，因为总体的值没变，border不变，padding变大，所以使得content变小。</p><blockquote><p>参考自：<a href="http://www.softwhy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.softwhy.com/</a></p></blockquote><script>$(".post-body a").not(".thispage").addClass("ignore-href").attr("target","_blank")</script></div><div></div><div><div style="padding:10px 0;margin:20px auto;width:90%;text-align:center;color:#878787" id="reward-div"><div>请作者喝瓶肥宅水🥤</div><button id="rewardButton" 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