diff --git a/index.bs b/index.bs
index 93c80f58..f7f87123 100644
--- a/index.bs
+++ b/index.bs
@@ -1116,15 +1116,9 @@ The {{MLOperand}} objects are created by the methods of {{MLGraphBuilder}}, inte
     1. Return |result|.
 </details>
 
-<details open algorithm>
-  <summary>
-    To <dfn for="MLOperand">validate MLOperand</dfn> given {{MLOperand}} |operand| and {{MLGraphBuilder}} |builder|, run the following steps:
-  </summary>
-    1. If |builder| is not equal to |operand|.{{MLOperand/[[builder]]}}, return false.
-    1. Let |desc| be |operand|.{{MLOperand/[[descriptor]]}}.
-    1. If [=MLOperandDescriptor/checking dimensions=] given |desc| returns false, then return false.
-    1. Return true.
-</details>
+<p algorithm>
+To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder">validate operand</dfn> given {{MLGraphBuilder}} |builder| and {{MLOperand}} |operand|, return true if |operand|.{{MLOperand/[[builder]]}} is |builder|, and false otherwise.
+</p>
 
 ### {{MLOperand/dataType()}} ### {#api-mloperand-datatype}
 Return a data type of the {{MLOperand}}.
@@ -1205,6 +1199,10 @@ The {{MLActivation}} objects (including the ones passed as input to methods) are
     1. Return |activation|.
 </details>
 
+<p algorithm>
+To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder">validate activation</dfn> given {{MLGraphBuilder}} |builder| and {{MLActivation}} |activation|, return true if |activation|.{{MLOperand/[[builder]]}} is |builder|, and false otherwise.
+</p>
+
 ## {{MLGraphBuilder}} interface ## {#api-mlgraphbuilder}
 
 The {{MLGraphBuilder}} interface defines a set of operations as identified by the [[#usecases]] that can be composed into a computational graph. It also represents the intermediate state of a graph building session.
@@ -1386,7 +1384,7 @@ Build a composed graph up to a given output operand into a computational graph a
     1. If |outputs| is empty, then return [=a new promise=] [=rejected=] with a {{TypeError}}.
     1. [=map/For each=] |name| → |operand| of |outputs|:
         1. If |name| is empty, then return [=a new promise=] [=rejected=] with a {{TypeError}}.
-        1. If [=MLOperand/validating MLOperand=] given |operand| and [=this=] returns false, then return [=a new promise=] [=rejected=] with a {{TypeError}}.
+        1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] given [=this=] and |operand| returns false, then return [=a new promise=] [=rejected=] with a {{TypeError}}.
         1. If |operand| is in [=this=]'s [=MLGraphBuilder/graph=]'s [=computational graph/inputs=] or [=computational graph/constants=], then return [=a new promise=] [=rejected=] with a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |operands| be a new empty [=/set=].
     1. Let |operators| be a new empty [=/set=].
@@ -1470,6 +1468,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder" data-lt="argminmax-op">create argMin/argMax operation</dfn> given [=string=] |op|, {{MLOperand}} |input| and {{MLArgMinMaxOptions}} |options|, run the following steps:
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "argMin", "argMax".
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLArgMinMaxOptions/axes}} [=map/exists=], if any of its elements is not in [=the range=] 0 to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], exclusive, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |outputShape| be the result of [=MLGraphBuilder/calculating reduction output sizes=] given |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=], |options|.{{MLArgMinMaxOptions/axes}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLArgMinMaxOptions/keepDimensions}}.
     1. Let |desc| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
@@ -1558,6 +1557,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>batchNormalization(|input|, |mean|, |variance|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |mean|, |variance|, |options|.{{MLBatchNormalizationOptions/scale}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLBatchNormalizationOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLBatchNormalizationOptions/activation}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLBatchNormalizationOptions/axis}} is not in [=the range=] 0 to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], exclusive, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |mean|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not 1, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |mean|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][0] is not equal to |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][|options|.{{MLBatchNormalizationOptions/axis}}], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -1621,6 +1622,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>cast(|input|, |type|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the cast operation, given |type|.
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
@@ -1695,6 +1697,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>clamp(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If [=checking clamp options=] given |options| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
@@ -1751,6 +1754,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     <div class="note">
         The permissions and context validity have been checked by [[#api-mlgraphbuilder-constructor]] steps.
     </div>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any [=list/item=] in |inputs| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |inputs| [=list/is empty=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |first| be |inputs|[0].
     1. If |axis| is greater than or equal to |first|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -1760,7 +1764,6 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     1. Set |desc|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dimensions}}[|axis|] to |first|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][|axis|].
     1. [=list/For each=] |index| in [=the range=] 1 to |inputs|'s [=list/size=], exclusive:
         1. Let |input| be |inputs|[|index|].
-        1. If [=MLOperand/validating MLOperand=] given |input| and [=this=] returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
         1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=] is not equal to |first|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
         1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not equal to |first|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
         1. [=list/For each=] |dim| in [=the range=] 0 to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], exclusive:
@@ -1894,6 +1897,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>conv2d(|input|, |filter|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |filter|, and |options|.{{MLConv2dOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLConv2dOptions/activation}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |inputSize| be |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=].
     1. Let |filterSize| be |filter|'s [=MLOperand/rank=].
     1. If |inputSize| is not 4, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -2096,6 +2101,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>convTranspose2d(|input|, |filter|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |filter|, and |options|.{{MLConvTranspose2dOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLConvTranspose2dOptions/activation}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |inputSize| be |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=].
     1. Let |filterSize| be |filter|'s [=MLOperand/rank=].
     1. If |inputSize| is not 4, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -2216,6 +2223,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder" data-lt="element-wise-binary-op">create element-wise binary operation</dfn> given [=string=] |op|, {{MLOperand}} |a| and {{MLOperand}} |b|, run the following steps:
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "add", "sub", "mul", "div", "max", "min", "pow".
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |a| and |b| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |a|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=] is not equal to |b|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |descriptor| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
     1. Set |descriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dataType}} to |a|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=].
@@ -2328,8 +2336,10 @@ Although operations {{MLGraphBuilder/greaterOrEqual()}} and {{MLGraphBuilder/les
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "equal", "greater", "greaterOrEqual", "lesser", "lesserOrEqual", "not".
     1. If |op| is "not".
+        1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |a| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
         1. If |a|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=] isn't {{MLOperandDataType/"uint8"}}, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |op| is anything else but "not".
+        1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |a| and |b| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
         1. If |a|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=] is not equal to |b|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |descriptor| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
     1. Set |descriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dataType}} to {{MLOperandDataType/"uint8"}}.
@@ -2442,6 +2452,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder" data-lt="element-wise-unary-op">create element-wise unary operation</dfn> given [=string=] |op| and {{MLOperand}} |input|, run the following steps:
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "abs", "ceil", "cos", "erf", "exp", "floor", "identity", "log", "neg", "reciprocal", "sin", "sqrt", "tan".
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the unary operation |op|.
@@ -2596,6 +2607,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>elu(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the ELU operation, given |options|.
@@ -2645,6 +2657,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     <div class="note">
         The permissions and context validity have been checked by [[#api-mlgraphbuilder-constructor]] steps.
     </div>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |outputDescriptor| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
     1. Set |outputDescriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dataType}} to |input|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=].
     1. Set |outputDescriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dimensions}} to the result of [=unidirectionally broadcasting the shapes=] |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=] and |newShape|.
@@ -2690,6 +2703,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>gather(|input|, |indices|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input| abd |indices| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |indices|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=] is neither {{MLOperandDataType/"uint32"}} nor {{MLOperandDataType/"int64"}}, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |shapeInput| be |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=] and |rankInput| be |shapeInput|'s [=MLOperand/rank=].
     1. Let |shapeIndices| be |indices|'s [=MLOperand/shape=].
@@ -2836,6 +2850,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>gemm(|a|, |b|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |a| and |b| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |shapeA| be a [=list/clone=] of |a|'s [=MLOperand/shape=].
     1. Let |sizeA| be the [=list/size=] of |shapeA|.
     1. Let |shapeB| be a [=list/clone=] of |b|'s [=MLOperand/shape=].
@@ -2966,6 +2981,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>gru(|input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |steps|, |hiddenSize|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |options|.{{MLGruOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), |options|.{{MLGruOptions/recurrentBias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLGruOptions/initialHiddenState}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLGruOptions/activations}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and any [=list/item=] in it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] or |weight| or |recurrentWeight| is not 3, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLGruOptions/bias}} [=map/exists=].
         1. If |options|.{{MLGruOptions/bias}}'s [=MLOperand/shape=][1] is not equal to 3 * |hiddenSize|, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -3131,6 +3148,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
      The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>gruCell(|input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |hiddenState|, |hiddenSize|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |hiddenState|, |options|.{{MLGruCellOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLGruCellOptions/recurrentBias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLGruCellOptions/activations}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and any [=list/item=] in it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] or |weight| or |recurrentWeight| or |hiddenState| is not 2, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |weight|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][0] is not equal to 3 * |hiddenSize|, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |recurrentWeight|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][0] is not equal to 3 * |hiddenSize|, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -3310,6 +3329,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>hardSigmoid(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the hard sigmoid operation, given |options|.
@@ -3381,6 +3401,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>hardSwish(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the hard-swish operation.
@@ -3458,6 +3479,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>instanceNormalization(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |options|.{{MLInstanceNormalizationOptions/scale}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLInstanceNormalizationOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not 4, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLInstanceNormalizationOptions/scale}}'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not equal to 1, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLInstanceNormalizationOptions/bias}}'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not equal to 1, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -3554,6 +3576,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>layerNormalization(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/scale}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/axes}} does not [=map/exist=], then set |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/axes}} to a new [=/list=], either equal to [=the range=] from 1 to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], exclusive, if |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is greater than 1, or an empty [=/list=] otherwise.
     1. If |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/scale}}'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not equal to |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/axes}}'s [=list/size=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/bias}}'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not equal to |options|.{{MLLayerNormalizationOptions/axes}}'s [=list/size=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -3659,6 +3682,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>leakyRelu(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the Leaky RELU operation, given |options|.
@@ -3741,6 +3765,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>linear(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the linear operation, given |options|.
@@ -3854,6 +3879,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>lstm(|input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |steps|, |hiddenSize|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/recurrentBias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/peepholeWeight}} (if it [=map/exists=]), |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/initialHiddenState}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/initialCellState}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/activations}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and any [=list/item=] in it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |numDirections| be 1 if |options|.{{MLLstmOptions/direction}} is {{MLRecurrentNetworkDirection/"forward"}}, or otherwise let it be 2.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] or |weight| or |recurrentWeight| is not 3, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][0] is not equal to |steps|, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -4059,6 +4086,8 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>lstmCell(|input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |hiddenState|, |cellState|, |hiddenSize|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |input|, |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |hiddenState|, |cellState|, |options|.{{MLLstmCellOptions/bias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), |options|.{{MLLstmCellOptions/recurrentBias}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLLstmCellOptions/peepholeWeight}} (if it [=map/exists=]) returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
+    1. If |options|.{{MLLstmCellOptions/activations}} [=map/exists=], and [=MLGraphBuilder/validating activation=] with [=this=] and any [=list/item=] in it returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], |weight|, |recurrentWeight|, |hiddenState| or |cellState| is not 2, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |batchSize| be |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][0].
     1. If |options|.{{MLLstmCellOptions/bias}} [=map/exists=]:
@@ -4254,6 +4283,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>matmul(|a|, |b|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and any of |a| and |b| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |desc| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
     1. Set |desc|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dimensions}} to the result of [=MLGraphBuilder/calculating matmul output sizes=] given |a| and |b|.
     1. If that throws an error, re-[=exception/throw=] the error.
@@ -4328,6 +4358,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>pad(|input|, |beginningPadding|, |endingPadding|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |beginningPadding|'s [=list/size=] and |endingPadding|'s [=list/size=] are not both equal to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], then [=exception/throw=] a "{{TypeError}}".
     1. Let |desc| be a copy of |input|.{{MLOperand/[[descriptor]]}}.
     1. Set |desc|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dimensions}} to the result of [=MLGraphBuilder/calculating padding output sizes=] given |input|, |beginningPadding| and |endingPadding|.
@@ -4532,6 +4563,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder" data-lt="pooling-op">create pooling operation</dfn> given [=string=] |op|, {{MLOperand}} |input| and {{MLPool2dOptions}} |options|, run the following steps:
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "averagePool2d", "l2Pool2d", "maxPool2d".
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not 4, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLPool2dOptions/windowDimensions}} [=map/exists=] and its [=list/size=] is not 2, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Otherwise, set |options|.{{MLPool2dOptions/windowDimensions}} to the height and width dimensions of the shape of |input|.
@@ -4613,6 +4645,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>prelu(|input|, |slope|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |descriptor| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
     1. Set |descriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dataType}} to |input|'s [=MLOperand/dataType=].
     1. Set |descriptor|.{{MLOperandDescriptor/dimensions}} to the result of [=unidirectionally broadcasting the shapes=] |slope|'s [=MLOperand/shape=] and |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=].
@@ -4718,6 +4751,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
     To <dfn for="MLGraphBuilder" data-lt="reduce-op">create reduce operation</dfn> given [=string=] |op|, {{MLOperand}} |input| and {{MLReduceOptions}} |options|, run the following steps:
   </summary>
     1. [=Assert=]: |op| is one of "reduceL1", "reduceL2", "reduceLogSum", "reduceLogSumExp", "reduceMax", "reduceMean", "reduceMin", "reduceProduct", "reduceSum", "reduceSumSquare".
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |options|.{{MLReduceOptions/axes}} [=map/exists=], if any of its elements is not in [=the range=] 0 to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], exclusive, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |outputShape| be the result of [=MLGraphBuilder/calculating reduction output sizes=] given |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=], |options|.{{MLReduceOptions/axes}} (if it [=map/exists=]), and |options|.{{MLReduceOptions/keepDimensions}}.
     1. Let |desc| be a new {{MLOperandDescriptor}}.
@@ -4844,6 +4878,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>relu(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the ReLU operation.
@@ -4949,6 +4984,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>resample2d(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not 4, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/checking resample options=] given |options| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |desc| be the result of [=MLGraphBuilder/calculating resample output sizes=] given |input| and |options|.
@@ -4984,6 +5020,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>reshape(|input|, |newShape|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |outputShape| be an empty array of {{unsigned long}}.
     1. If |newShape|'s [=list/size=] is 0, set |outputShape| to an empty [=/list=] for a scalar.
     1. If any value in |newShape| is 0, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -5077,6 +5114,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>sigmoid(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the sigmoid operation.
@@ -5126,6 +5164,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>slice(|input|, |starts|, |sizes|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |sizes|'s [=list/size=] is 0, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |starts|'s [=list/size=] and |sizes|'s [=list/size=] are not both equal to |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=], then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
@@ -5181,6 +5220,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>softmax(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/rank=] is not 2, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
@@ -5262,6 +5302,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>softplus(|input|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the softplus operation, given |options|.
@@ -5325,6 +5366,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>softsign(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the softsign operation.
@@ -5386,6 +5428,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>split(|input|, |splits|, |options|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. Let |axis| be |options|.{{MLSplitOptions/axis}}.
     1. If |splits| is an {{unsigned long}}:
         1. If |input|'s [=MLOperand/shape=][|axis|] % |splits| is not 0, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
@@ -5471,6 +5514,7 @@ partial interface MLGraphBuilder {
   <summary>
     The <dfn method for=MLGraphBuilder>tanh(|input|)</dfn> method steps are:
   </summary>
+    1. If [=MLGraphBuilder/validating operand=] with [=this=] and |input| returns false, then [=exception/throw=] a {{TypeError}}.
     1. *Make graph connections:*
         1. Let |output| be the result of [=copying an MLOperand=] given |input|.
         1. Let |operator| be an [=operator=] for the hyperbolic tangent operation.