Using the requests-html library.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Exploring the requests-html capabilities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Official documentation of the requests-html package: https://requests-html.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Initial setup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Loading the necessary packages\n",
    "from requests_html import HTMLSession"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# establish/open a session\n",
    "session = HTMLSession()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "200"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# submitting a GET request\n",
    "r = session.get(\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football\")\n",
    "r.status_code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<HTML url='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The html response to the GET request is contained in the '.html' method\n",
    "r.html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Links"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'/wiki/File:Yellow_card.svg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Flag_football',\n",
       " 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85123840',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_rivalries',\n",
       " '/wiki/Help:Authority_control',\n",
       " '/wiki/2005_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Shrewsbury_School',\n",
       " 'https://wikimediafoundation.org/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football#Players,_equipment,_and_officials',\n",
       " '/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports',\n",
       " 'https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutbal',\n",
       " 'http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/no-longer-the-game-of-two-halves.19185657',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20050314003412/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0%2C3509%2C10%2C00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Biribol',\n",
       " '/wiki/1918_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football_headgear',\n",
       " 'https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Eight-man_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Exhibition_game',\n",
       " 'https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85613-341-9',\n",
       " 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " 'https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " '/wiki/Fan_(aficionado)',\n",
       " 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2736',\n",
       " '/wiki/Universal_football',\n",
       " 'https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka',\n",
       " '/wiki/AFC_U-23_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/Walking_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Flickerball',\n",
       " '/wiki/1964_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Island_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/1890_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubu',\n",
       " '/wiki/Free_kick',\n",
       " '/wiki/One_Day_International',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Sports_originating_in_England',\n",
       " '/wiki/Stoolball',\n",
       " 'https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bando_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople',\n",
       " 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40311889',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard',\n",
       " '/wiki/Indoor_American_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1876_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1923_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1986_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Synchronized_swimming',\n",
       " '/wiki/Field_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/1991_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/AFF%E2%80%93EAFF_Champions_Trophy',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sweden_national_football_team',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg',\n",
       " '/wiki/1860s_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Team_sports&action=edit',\n",
       " '/wiki/1940_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediludium',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings',\n",
       " '/wiki/Digor_(sports)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Floor_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/Archery',\n",
       " '/wiki/Shinny',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Eventing',\n",
       " '/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main',\n",
       " '/wiki/1971_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1902_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Single_elimination_tournament',\n",
       " 'https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " '/wiki/Waboba',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1bba%C4%8Diek%C4%8Dan',\n",
       " '/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade',\n",
       " '/wiki/Curl_(football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/1953_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ebenezer_Cobb_Morley',\n",
       " '/wiki/1944_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E',\n",
       " '/wiki/Curva',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union',\n",
       " '/wiki/Polocrosse',\n",
       " 'https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1980_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1901_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/History_of_FIFA',\n",
       " '/wiki/Canoe_slalom',\n",
       " 'https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONCACAF_Gold_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/Llargues',\n",
       " '/wiki/Eastern_Europe',\n",
       " '/wiki/Talk:Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo',\n",
       " '/wiki/Aston_Villa',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/?id=H2T0ZD5S86QC&pg=PA65&dq=1921+fa+ban#v=onepage&q=1921%20fa%20ban',\n",
       " '/wiki/1820s_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Gateball',\n",
       " '/wiki/1998_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Away_goals_rule',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Football_(soccer_ball).svg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rugby_union',\n",
       " '/wiki/Dressage',\n",
       " '/wiki/Manager_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Pato',\n",
       " '/wiki/Old_division_football',\n",
       " 'https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%94%AA%E1%92%83%E1%91%95%E1%96%85',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142202/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Harpastum',\n",
       " '/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque',\n",
       " '/wiki/1910_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://www.smh.com.au/news/Soccer/Soccer-to-become-football-in-Australia/2004/12/16/1102787198357.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)',\n",
       " 'https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " '/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board',\n",
       " '/wiki/1930_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4607171.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wiffle_ball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ice_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo',\n",
       " '/wiki/Template:Team_sports',\n",
       " '/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/2010_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1897_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Angleball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_rugby_union',\n",
       " 'https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bhan',\n",
       " '/wiki/Offside_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Beach_handball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Tamburello',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cycle_sport',\n",
       " '/wiki/Box_lacrosse',\n",
       " '/wiki/Woodball',\n",
       " '/wiki/1958_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727',\n",
       " 'https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation',\n",
       " '/wiki/Street_football',\n",
       " 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_African_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_Final',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cammag',\n",
       " '/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League',\n",
       " '/wiki/Fouls_and_Misconduct_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Playing_period',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Pacific_Games',\n",
       " 'https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fussball',\n",
       " '/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number',\n",
       " '/wiki/Badminton',\n",
       " '/wiki/Netball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_BNF_identifiers',\n",
       " '/wiki/Imperial_units',\n",
       " 'https://curlie.org/Sports/Soccer/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Gridiron_football',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA235#v=onepage',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/sport/international_football/newsid_3089000/3089728.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Prisonball',\n",
       " '/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/Oin%C4%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Canoeing',\n",
       " 'https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolas',\n",
       " '/wiki/Indoor_netball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Korfball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Eton_College',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/La_Liga',\n",
       " 'https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D',\n",
       " '/wiki/Deaf_basketball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League',\n",
       " 'https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '//www.wikimediafoundation.org/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Kemari',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cruyff_Turn',\n",
       " '/wiki/1960_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cuju',\n",
       " 'https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_retired_numbers_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Barra_brava',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Universiade',\n",
       " '/wiki/2002_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/History_of_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_Confederations_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/1954_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1950_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Extra_time',\n",
       " '/wiki/Tag_rugby',\n",
       " '/wiki/1978_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement',\n",
       " 'https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudbal',\n",
       " 'https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer',\n",
       " 'https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC',\n",
       " '/wiki/1942_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)',\n",
       " '/wiki/J._C._Thring',\n",
       " '/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino',\n",
       " 'http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Medieval_football',\n",
       " 'https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall',\n",
       " 'https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " '/wiki/Goal_line_technology',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONIFA_World_Football_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_professional_sports',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rinkball',\n",
       " 'http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html',\n",
       " 'https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola_ekhatywayo',\n",
       " '/w/index.php?title=Association_football&action=history',\n",
       " '/wiki/2004_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Template:Association_football_terminology',\n",
       " '/wiki/1973_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1962_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1896_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/77/82/55/circularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rounders',\n",
       " '/wiki/Formation_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84',\n",
       " '/wiki/Slamball',\n",
       " 'https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_by_nickname#Association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Template:Association_football_chronology',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wrestling',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sailing_(sport)',\n",
       " 'https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:One_Hundred_Children_in_the_Long_Spring.jpg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ivory_Coast_national_football_team',\n",
       " '/wiki/Marseille_turn',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ba_game',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:MyTalk',\n",
       " 'https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2',\n",
       " '/wiki/Timeline_of_Senegalese_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Corkball',\n",
       " 'http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0,,10794~1357277,00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/World_War_I',\n",
       " 'https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/whats-the-origin-of-the-word-soccer/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Caid_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/1932_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/2016_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Nine-man_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics',\n",
       " 'https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF',\n",
       " '/wiki/Floorball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Surfing',\n",
       " '/wiki/Determining_the_Outcome_of_a_Match_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Step_over',\n",
       " '/wiki/El_Cl%C3%A1sico',\n",
       " 'https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhabvu',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090325030003/http://www.thefa.com/Womens/EnglandSenior/History/',\n",
       " 'https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapipopo_(Jetepyso)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ki-o-rahi',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142324/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutb%C3%B2l',\n",
       " '/wiki/Indoor_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cambridge_Rules',\n",
       " '/wiki/Touch_rugby',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer',\n",
       " '/wiki/Lagori',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110430181217/http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/OFC_U-19_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/Women%27s_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wheelchair_curling',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Soccer_ball.svg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Vigoro',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html',\n",
       " 'https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:FIFA-Headquarter.jpg',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Supporters%27_groups',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_UEFA_national_association_football_teams_by_nickname',\n",
       " '/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cycle_ball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sport_of_athletics',\n",
       " 'https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokker',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Football_Association',\n",
       " '/wiki/Harrow_School',\n",
       " '/wiki/1925_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/2018_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3',\n",
       " '/wiki/Scoring_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbuols',\n",
       " '/wiki/1919_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-43763-2',\n",
       " 'https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_(%C3%A7porto)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Frontenis',\n",
       " 'https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE',\n",
       " 'https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%82ka_no%C5%BCna',\n",
       " 'https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkapallo',\n",
       " '/wiki/National_Diet_Library',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_War',\n",
       " 'https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyldf%C5%8Dt%C3%BE%C5%8D%C3%B0er',\n",
       " 'https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall',\n",
       " '/wiki/Whirlyball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Portal:Association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Arab_Nations_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_September_2016',\n",
       " '/wiki/Metrication',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws4_01.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Pan_Arab_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Pelota_mixteca',\n",
       " '/wiki/3x3_basketball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Jeux_de_la_Francophonie',\n",
       " '/wiki/Basketball',\n",
       " 'https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiuk-khi%C3%B9',\n",
       " '/wiki/UEFA_European_Under-21_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/1963_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo%C3%9Fball',\n",
       " '/wiki/1889_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola',\n",
       " '/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File',\n",
       " '/wiki/2015_in_association_football',\n",
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       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/South_American_U-17_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_men%27s_national_association_football_teams',\n",
       " '/wiki/Birmingham',\n",
       " 'https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary',\n",
       " '/wiki/1939_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1885_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_media',\n",
       " '/wiki/1887_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Jokgu',\n",
       " 'https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80',\n",
       " '/wiki/Africa_U-20_Cup_of_Nations',\n",
       " '/wiki/Fouls_and_misconduct_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football_around_the_world',\n",
       " 'https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bola',\n",
       " '/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONCACAF_Nations_League',\n",
       " '/wiki/Volata',\n",
       " '/wiki/Aquatic_sports',\n",
       " 'http://www.soccertimes.com/oped/1999/jul20.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/1850s_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1878_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Replay_(sports)',\n",
       " '/wiki/1830s_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Volleyball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Great_Queen_Street',\n",
       " '/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONCACAF',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20050308172042/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=409',\n",
       " '/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation',\n",
       " 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33027933',\n",
       " '/wiki/Paintball',\n",
       " '/wiki/COSAFA_Cup',\n",
       " '//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_Two.ogg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cestoball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rugby_School',\n",
       " '/wiki/Torcida_organizada',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Summer_Olympic_sports&action=edit',\n",
       " '/wiki/1969_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Elephant_polo',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play',\n",
       " '/wiki/Division_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_U-20_World_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/Behind_the_leg_flip_flap',\n",
       " '/wiki/CECAFA_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_sports',\n",
       " 'https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira_wa_miguu',\n",
       " '/wiki/1948_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Powerchair_Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Street_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/1920_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/Lelo_burti',\n",
       " '/wiki/Basque_pelota',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football_culture',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bo-taoshi',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070701210540/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame2.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/Longue_paume',\n",
       " '/wiki/Tie_(draw)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/soccer#Q2736',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONMEBOL',\n",
       " '/wiki/Goal_(sport)',\n",
       " 'http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/history',\n",
       " 'https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " '/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies',\n",
       " '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Timeline_of_Malian_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bandy',\n",
       " '/wiki/Contact_sport',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_pitch',\n",
       " '/wiki/Olympic_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/AFF_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_terminology&action=edit',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4188646.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text',\n",
       " 'https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sheffield_Rules',\n",
       " 'http://www.theglobalgame.com/aboutus.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/English_Ladies_Football_Association',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sport_climbing',\n",
       " '/wiki/1928_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saker',\n",
       " '//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9',\n",
       " '/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing',\n",
       " '/wiki/Footvolley',\n",
       " '/wiki/Futsal',\n",
       " 'http://expertfootball.com/wp/heading/',\n",
       " '/wiki/National_sport',\n",
       " 'https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Ball_games',\n",
       " 'http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2007/07/ivorycoast200707',\n",
       " '/wiki/Roller_soccer',\n",
       " '/wiki/1935_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119314286',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Ronaldinho_and_Khedira.jpg',\n",
       " '/wiki/1870_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rugby_tens',\n",
       " '//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use',\n",
       " '/wiki/Underwater_ice_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_7_the_duration_of_the_match_en_47401.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods',\n",
       " 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10645517',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbols',\n",
       " '/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy',\n",
       " '/wiki/League_system',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_club_nicknames_in_the_Americas',\n",
       " '/wiki/Soviet_Bloc',\n",
       " 'http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0,23911,14986,00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_Club_of_the_Century',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/media/news/newsid=707751/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Catenaccio',\n",
       " 'http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens',\n",
       " '/wiki/Hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_top_association_football_goal_scorers',\n",
       " '/wiki/1894_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Peteca',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Slidetackle.JPG',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_HDS_identifiers',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/books?id=IyFHvy-SCIYC&pg=PA214&dq=episkuros+rugby&cd=2#v=onepage&q=episkuros%20rugby',\n",
       " '/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " '/wiki/France_national_football_team',\n",
       " 'https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ballon_au_poing',\n",
       " 'https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale',\n",
       " '/wiki/1991_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/International_rules_football',\n",
       " 'https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha-ki%C3%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737',\n",
       " 'https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C',\n",
       " '/wiki/1875_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Austus',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/books?id=GxyG0XXdvR4C&pg=PA407#v=onepage',\n",
       " '/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey',\n",
       " '/wiki/1952_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Parliament',\n",
       " '/wiki/Asian_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/may/29/premierleague',\n",
       " '/wiki/1993_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/1959_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101215132821/http://expertfootball.com/training/heading.php',\n",
       " '/wiki/Template:International_football',\n",
       " 'https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal',\n",
       " '/wiki/Kickball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Feminism',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Independent',\n",
       " '/wiki/1955_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Gaelic_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Synchronised_swimming',\n",
       " 'https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%A7o',\n",
       " 'https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " 'https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palluni_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Paralympic_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Mia1997.JPG',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Washington_Post',\n",
       " 'https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baolina_kitra',\n",
       " '/wiki/1938_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Horseball',\n",
       " 'https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " '/wiki/Airsoft',\n",
       " '/wiki/Kin-Ball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_chant',\n",
       " '/wiki/Lacrosse',\n",
       " 'https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060521234151/http://www.theglobalgame.com/aboutus.html',\n",
       " 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotboll',\n",
       " 'https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_qualification',\n",
       " 'http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Become-a-licensee/Tests/Circumference/',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160904193101/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Football-facts/Football-manufacturing',\n",
       " '/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83-gi%C3%B9',\n",
       " 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/1907_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Yak_polo',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens',\n",
       " '/wiki/Winchester_College',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Ancient_Greek_Football_Player.jpg',\n",
       " 'http://www.entsportslawjournal.com/jms/article/download/eslj.44/41',\n",
       " '/wiki/Viking_Thunder_Clap',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071011084145/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm',\n",
       " 'https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/Q2736',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bundesliga',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description',\n",
       " '/wiki/Foul_(association_football)#Post-match',\n",
       " '/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Irish_Football_Association',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ulama_(game)',\n",
       " '/wiki/History_of_rugby_union',\n",
       " '/wiki/AFC_Asian_Cup',\n",
       " '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " 'https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " '/wiki/Africa_U-17_Cup_of_Nations',\n",
       " '/wiki/1934_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Twenty20_International',\n",
       " '/wiki/Vuvuzela',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_competitions',\n",
       " '/wiki/Baseball',\n",
       " 'https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%B3pi',\n",
       " '/wiki/1985_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Circle_rules_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7321408.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_South_Asian_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Passing_(association_football)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Doping_in_sport',\n",
       " '/wiki/1881_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A9n_bal',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=103/awards/index.html',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/',\n",
       " 'https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knattspyrna',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161119053959/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Become-a-licensee/Tests/Circumference/',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-302-8',\n",
       " '/wiki/Anti-football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Synchronized_skating',\n",
       " '/wiki/Indirect_free_kick',\n",
       " '/wiki/Beach_soccer',\n",
       " '/wiki/Handball',\n",
       " 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_clubs',\n",
       " '//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile',\n",
       " '/wiki/Sheffield_F.C.',\n",
       " 'https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mell-droad',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141909/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Cornish_hurling',\n",
       " '/wiki/1909_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Jegichagi',\n",
       " '/wiki/Third_jersey',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Best_FIFA_Football_Awards',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wayback_Machine',\n",
       " '/wiki/The_Beautiful_Game',\n",
       " '/wiki/Category:Association_football_terminology',\n",
       " '/wiki/Swimming_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects',\n",
       " 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/21/el-clasico-is-a-not-to-be-missed-game-but-dont-believe-the-viewing-figures-youre-told/',\n",
       " 'https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal',\n",
       " '/wiki/1884_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Attempts_to_ban_football_games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Net_sport',\n",
       " 'https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiirc%C3%B6k',\n",
       " '/wiki/1906_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Pioneerball',\n",
       " '/wiki/CONCACAF_Boys%27_Under-15_Championship',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:SpecialPages',\n",
       " '/wiki/2001_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " 'https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " '/wiki/2004_Summer_Paralympics',\n",
       " '/wiki/Roller_derby',\n",
       " '/wiki/1994_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8490351.stm',\n",
       " 'https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca',\n",
       " '/wiki/1908_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Names_for_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Quidditch_(sport)',\n",
       " '/wiki/1924_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Camogie',\n",
       " 'https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A',\n",
       " '/wiki/1899_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubadda_Cagta',\n",
       " 'https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balon',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm',\n",
       " 'https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141725/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games',\n",
       " '/wiki/Rec_footy',\n",
       " '/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal',\n",
       " '/wiki/FA_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacar',\n",
       " 'https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan',\n",
       " '/wiki/Marn_Grook',\n",
       " '/wiki/English_public_school_football_games',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070825133301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm',\n",
       " 'https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/1977_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football',\n",
       " 'https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en',\n",
       " '/wiki/West_Asian_Games#Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Association_football_trading_card',\n",
       " '/wiki/Boxing',\n",
       " 'https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " '/wiki/Dodgeball',\n",
       " '/wiki/Equestrianism',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_hooliganism',\n",
       " 'https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94%C9%94l%C9%A9_ma%C9%96%CA%8B',\n",
       " '/wiki/2007_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/Professionalism_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale',\n",
       " 'https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitbaw',\n",
       " 'https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " '/wiki/Chovgan',\n",
       " '/wiki/Beach_rugby',\n",
       " '/wiki/CAFA_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5',\n",
       " '/wiki/African_Cup_of_Nations',\n",
       " 'http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,27-1544006,00.html',\n",
       " '/wiki/List_of_association_football_families',\n",
       " 'https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Womens-soccer-icon.png',\n",
       " '/wiki/Bicycle_kick',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4603149.stm',\n",
       " '/wiki/Ball_game',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament',\n",
       " 'https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3tb%C3%B3ltur',\n",
       " '/wiki/1966_in_association_football',\n",
       " '/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737',\n",
       " '/wiki/Football_Association_of_Wales',\n",
       " '/wiki/Snow_snake',\n",
       " '/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica',\n",
       " '/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_futsal',\n",
       " '/wiki/Indoor_soccer',\n",
       " '/wiki/Throwback_uniform',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Torres,_Mata_and_Ramos_Euro_2012_trophy_01.jpg',\n",
       " '/wiki/File:Ousmane_Demb%C3%A9l%C3%A9_World_Cup_Trophy.jpg',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120721055324/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf',\n",
       " '/wiki/Glasgow',\n",
       " '/wiki/History_of_soccer_in_the_United_States',\n",
       " 'https://www.mediawiki.org/',\n",
       " ...}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# We can extract all link addresses directly with '.links'\n",
    "urls = r.html.links\n",
    "urls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Note that those are the relative URLs "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_men%27s_national_association_football_teams',\n",
       " 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85123840',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footbag_net',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ousmane_Demb%C3%A9l%C3%A9_World_Cup_Trophy.jpg',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boules',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_stadiums_by_country',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://wikimediafoundation.org/',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throwback_uniform',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabona',\n",
       " 'https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutbal',\n",
       " 'http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/no-longer-the-game-of-two-halves.19185657',\n",
       " 'https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20050314003412/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0%2C3509%2C10%2C00.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apertura_and_Clausura',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:International_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_cricket',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokgu',\n",
       " 'https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming',\n",
       " 'https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Physical_education',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throw-in',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_system',\n",
       " 'https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " 'https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Asian_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2736',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocce',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_competitions_in_women%27s_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_for_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritinis',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie_(draw)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Premier_League_2005-06',\n",
       " 'https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubu',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segway_polo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercrosse',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Island_Games',\n",
       " 'https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curlie',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossall_Hockey',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Map_FIFA.svg',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40311889',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iomain',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Team_sports&action=edit',\n",
       " 'https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediludium',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_originating_in_England',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_U-23_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_sport',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_handball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_tens',\n",
       " 'http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html',\n",
       " 'https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_association_football_teams_by_nickname',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Women%27s_football_match_Menai_Bridge_against_Penrhos_(24622680915).jpg',\n",
       " 'https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1bba%C4%8Diek%C4%8Dan',\n",
       " 'https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_netball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuk-guk',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charterhouse_School',\n",
       " 'https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena_polo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_Final',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_official',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_top-division_football_clubs_in_UEFA_countries',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_association_football#Football_5-a-side',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slamball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-legged_match',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_polo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_Boys%27_Under-15_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polocrosse',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_clubs',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camping_(game)',\n",
       " 'https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/?id=H2T0ZD5S86QC&pg=PA65&dq=1921+fa+ban#v=onepage&q=1921%20fa%20ban',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorkyball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFF_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Thunder_Clap',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jockstrap',\n",
       " 'https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%94%AA%E1%92%83%E1%91%95%E1%96%85',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142202/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2018',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_line_technology',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Featured_articles',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football#Players,_equipment,_and_officials',\n",
       " 'http://www.smh.com.au/news/Soccer/Soccer-to-become-football-in-Australia/2004/12/16/1102787198357.html',\n",
       " 'https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4607171.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COSAFA_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-line',\n",
       " 'https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bhan',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_proven%C3%A7al',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_sports',\n",
       " 'http://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727',\n",
       " 'https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Association_football_laws',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAFA_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makura-Nage',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_U-17_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ronaldinho_and_Khedira.jpg',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pato',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_world',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_LCCN_identifiers',\n",
       " 'https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fussball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Start_and_Restart_of_Play_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Libertadores',\n",
       " 'https://curlie.org/Sports/Soccer/',\n",
       " 'https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA235#v=onepage',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/sport/international_football/newsid_3089000/3089728.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Association_football_terminology',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuju',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_families',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_U-19_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics',\n",
       " 'https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolas',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840s_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifosi',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.C._Milan',\n",
       " 'https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Football_(soccer)_Part_One.ogg',\n",
       " 'https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_culture',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastpitch_softball',\n",
       " 'https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejo_(sport)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_School',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo_burti',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_(aficionado)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football',\n",
       " 'https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement',\n",
       " 'https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudbal',\n",
       " 'https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling',\n",
       " 'https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9485.00172',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_(sport)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Torres,_Mata_and_Ramos_Euro_2012_trophy_01.jpg',\n",
       " 'http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall',\n",
       " 'https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_player',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Senegalese_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Association_football_chronology',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutmeg_(football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Association_football_chronology',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez#Racial_abuse_incident',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapta_(game)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_ice_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Football_Association',\n",
       " 'http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html',\n",
       " 'https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola_ekhatywayo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Pan_American_Games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf_basketball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianzi',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/77/82/55/circularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_media',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84',\n",
       " 'https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_hooliganism',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_dribble',\n",
       " 'https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Thring',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuvuzela',\n",
       " 'https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2',\n",
       " 'http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0,,10794~1357277,00.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women%27s_association_football_clubs',\n",
       " 'https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/whats-the-origin-of-the-word-soccer/',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ball_games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_soccer',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Cape_Verdean_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin-Ball',\n",
       " 'https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF',\n",
       " 'https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackheath_Rugby_Club',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league',\n",
       " 'https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhabvu',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090325030003/http://www.thefa.com/Womens/EnglandSenior/History/',\n",
       " 'https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapipopo_(Jetepyso)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Confederations_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneerball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_volleyball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142324/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutb%C3%B2l',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110430181217/http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_chant',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Barcelona',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html',\n",
       " 'https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_lacrosse',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_cycling',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettie_Honeyball',\n",
       " 'https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokker',\n",
       " 'https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
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       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160904193101/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Football-facts/Football-manufacturing',\n",
       " 'https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83-gi%C3%B9',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Association_football_terminology',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-a-side_football',\n",
       " 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio_(sport)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemari',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1874_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eton_wall_game',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_derby',\n",
       " 'http://www.entsportslawjournal.com/jms/article/download/eslj.44/41',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071011084145/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/Q2736',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-o-rahi',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics',\n",
       " 'https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library',\n",
       " 'https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagori',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_elimination_tournament',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midfielder',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_guard',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%B3pi',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7321408.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldinho',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fanatism_in_Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football',\n",
       " 'https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A9n_bal',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=103/awards/index.html',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/',\n",
       " 'https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knattspyrna',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringette',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161119053959/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Become-a-licensee/Tests/Circumference/',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_tactics_and_skills',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mell-droad',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141909/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cobb_Morley',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sledge_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Islamic_Solidarity_Games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_lacrosse',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digor_(sports)',\n",
       " 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/21/el-clasico-is-a-not-to-be-missed-game-but-dont-believe-the-viewing-figures-youre-told/',\n",
       " 'https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_baseball',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse',\n",
       " 'https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiirc%C3%B6k',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striker_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty-hurling',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " 'https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beautiful_Game',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-man_football',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8490351.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_Outcome_of_a_Match_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_by_nickname#Association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrosse',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_period',\n",
       " 'https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_women%27s_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_positions',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubadda_Cagta',\n",
       " 'https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balon',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category',\n",
       " 'https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141725/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_pitch',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airsoft',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_rules',\n",
       " 'https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacar',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_rugby',\n",
       " 'https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer_(disambiguation)',\n",
       " 'https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070825133301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Pan_Arab_Games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup',\n",
       " 'https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_game',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_rugby_union',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_tennis',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jegichagi',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_sports',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFF%E2%80%93EAFF_Champions_Trophy',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:One_Hundred_Children_in_the_Long_Spring.jpg',\n",
       " 'https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94%C9%94l%C9%A9_ma%C9%96%CA%8B',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tug_of_war',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_sport',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale',\n",
       " 'https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitbaw',\n",
       " 'https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foul_(football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornussen',\n",
       " 'http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,27-1544006,00.html',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament',\n",
       " 'https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_kick',\n",
       " 'https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eventing',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passing_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics',\n",
       " 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4603149.stm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_in_association_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UEFA_national_association_football_teams_by_nickname',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Association_football&id=934524737',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_flap_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chovgan',\n",
       " 'https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3tb%C3%B3ltur',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_colours',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow_School',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manager_(association_football)',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_European_Under-17_Championship',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_sport',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Premier_League',\n",
       " 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120721055324/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C.',\n",
       " 'https://www.mediawiki.org/',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynasty',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Lusophony_Games',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburello',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena_football',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_hockey',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Ladies%27_Football_Club',\n",
       " 'https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFAB',\n",
       " ...}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To get absolute URLs we can use '.absolute_links' instead of '.links'\n",
    "full_path_urls = r.html.absolute_links\n",
    "full_path_urls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# An important thing to note is that these links (given by both methods) are returned in a SET, not a LIST\n",
    "type(urls)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Searching for elements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# A quick note: requests-html uses CSS selectors for searching\n",
    "# We will cover them in the next section,\n",
    "# but here is a more thorough look into it: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'a' id='top'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles' title='This is a featured article. Click here for more information.'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi' title='This article is semi-protected.'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/File:Football_(soccer)_Part_One.ogg' title='Listen to this article'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-jump-link',) href='#mw-head'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-jump-link',) href='#p-search'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-disambig',) href='/wiki/Soccer_(disambiguation)' title='Soccer (disambiguation)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football' title='Football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Ronaldinho_and_Khedira.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ronaldinho' title='Ronaldinho'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League' title='UEFA Champions League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/A.C._Milan' title='A.C. Milan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.' title='Real Madrid C.F.'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Sports_governing_body' title='Sports governing body'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA' title='FIFA'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-1'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/The_Beautiful_Game' title='The Beautiful Game'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/History_of_association_football' title='History of association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-2'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-3'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-fifa-or-4'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Contact_sport' title='Contact sport'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports' title='Mixed-sex sports'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Team_sport' title='Team sport'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_game' title='Ball game'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_(association_football)' title='Ball (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_pitch' title='Football pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms' title='Glossary of association football terms'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Olympic_Games' title='Olympic Games'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics' title='1900 Summer Olympics'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics' title='1996 Summer Olympics'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Paralympic_Games' title='Paralympic Games'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Paralympic_association_football#Football_5-a-side' title='Paralympic association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/2004_Summer_Paralympics' title='2004 Summer Paralympics'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Paralympic_association_football#Football_7-a-side' title='Paralympic association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics' title='1984 Summer Paralympics'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-5'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Team_sport' title='Team sport'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_(association_football)' title='Ball (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_player' title='Football player'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/List_of_professional_sports' title='List of professional sports'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_pitch' title='Football pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Goal_(sport)' title='Goal (sport)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Scoring_in_association_football' title='Scoring in association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)' title='Laws of the Game (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_(association_football)' title='Ball (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Captain_(association_football)' title='Captain (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)' title='Penalty kick (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-laws51-52-6'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)' title='Goalkeeper (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Penalty_area' title='Penalty area'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Tie_(draw)' title='Tie (draw)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Extra_time' title='Extra time'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(association_football)' title='Penalty shootout (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA' title='FIFA'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/French_language' title='French language'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup' title='FIFA World Cup'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup' title=\"FIFA Women's World Cup\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-7'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup' title='1930 FIFA World Cup'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/World_War_II' title='World War II'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-8'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Olympic_Games' title='Olympic Games'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League' title='UEFA Champions League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-9'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/List_of_top-division_football_clubs_in_UEFA_countries' title='List of top-division football clubs in UEFA countries'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Premier_League' title='Premier League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/La_Liga' title='La Liga'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Bundesliga' title='Bundesliga'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Serie_A' title='Serie A'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ligue_1' title='Ligue 1'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-:0-10'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football' title='Football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/The_Football_Association' title='The Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Name'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#History'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href=\"#Women's_association_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href=\"#Early_women's_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#20th_and_21st_century'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Gameplay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Laws'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Players,_equipment,_and_officials'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Ball'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#90-minute_ordinary_time'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Tie-breaking'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Ball_in_and_out_of_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Misconduct'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#On-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Off-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Governing_bodies'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#International_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Domestic_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Professionalism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Hooliganism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Variants_and_casual_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#See_also'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#Notes'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#References'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#External_links'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Names_for_association_football' title='Names for association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football' title='Football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_football' title='Rugby football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-Octavian-11'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary' title='Online Etymology Dictionary'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-12'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-13'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-14'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/English-speaking_world' title='English-speaking world'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-15'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/History_of_association_football' title='History of association football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:One_Hundred_Children_in_the_Long_Spring.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Cuju' title='Cuju'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Song_dynasty' title='Song dynasty'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Ancient_Greek_Football_Player.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Episkyros' title='Episkyros'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Stone_carving' title='Stone carving'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-NAMA-16'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA' title='FIFA'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Cuju' title='Cuju'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-fifa-or-4'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_football' title='Rugby football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-abd-17'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-18'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Han_Dynasty' title='Han Dynasty'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-abd-17'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Episkyros' title='Episkyros'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-fifa.com-19'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-20'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens' title='National Archaeological Museum, Athens'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-NAMA-16'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship' title='UEFA European Championship'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-bangkokpost-21'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Athenaeus' title='Athenaeus'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Roman_Empire' title='Roman Empire'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Harpastum' title='Harpastum'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_football' title='Rugby football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Wrestling' title='Wrestling'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Volleyball' title='Volleyball'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-abd-17'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-22'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-23'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-24'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-25'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-26'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Mob_football' title='Mob football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football' title='Football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-27'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-28'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Kemari' title='Kemari'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Chuk-guk' title='Chuk-guk'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-29'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-30'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-bangkokpost-21'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-31'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/English_public_school_football_games' title='English public school football games'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)' title='Public school (United Kingdom)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Medieval_football' title='Medieval football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-32'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Cambridge_Rules' title='Cambridge Rules'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge' title='Trinity College, Cambridge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Eton_College' title='Eton College'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Harrow_School' title='Harrow School'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_School' title='Rugby School'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Winchester_College' title='Winchester College'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Shrewsbury_School' title='Shrewsbury School'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Sheffield_F.C.' title='Sheffield F.C.'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-33'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Sheffield_%26_Hallamshire_Football_Association' title='Sheffield & Hallamshire Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/J._C._Thring' title='J. C. Thring'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Uppingham_School' title='Uppingham School'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-34'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/The_Football_Association' title='The Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Freemasons%27_Tavern' title=\"Freemasons' Tavern\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Great_Queen_Street' title='Great Queen Street'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-FAhistory-35'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Charterhouse_School' title='Charterhouse School'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Blackheath_Rugby_Club' title='Blackheath Rugby Club'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/History_of_rugby_union' title='History of rugby union'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union' title='Rugby Football Union'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ebenezer_Cobb_Morley' title='Ebenezer Cobb Morley'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-FAhistory-35'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Australian_rules_football' title='Australian rules football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-Merger-36'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FA_Cup' title='FA Cup'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/C.W._Alcock' title='C.W. Alcock'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/1872_Scotland_v_England_football_match' title='1872 Scotland v England football match'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Glasgow' title='Glasgow'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/The_Football_League' title='The Football League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Birmingham' title='Birmingham'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.' title='Aston Villa F.C.'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/William_McGregor_(football)' title='William McGregor (football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-37'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/English_Midlands' title='English Midlands'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Northern_England' title='Northern England'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-38'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Aston_Villa' title='Aston Villa'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FA_Cup' title='FA Cup'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/English_Football_League' title='English Football League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board' title='International Football Association Board'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-39'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-40'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Manchester' title='Manchester'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association' title='Scottish Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_Association_of_Wales' title='Football Association of Wales'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Irish_Football_Association' title='Irish Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA' title='FIFA'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-Wherebegan-41'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board' title='International Football Association Board'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-IFAB_works-42'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-43'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-billions-44'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-billions2-45'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-46'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-47'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Fan_(aficionado)' title='Fan (aficionado)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-soccer_war-48'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ivory_Coast_national_football_team' title='Ivory Coast national football team'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War' title='First Ivorian Civil War'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-49'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9' title='Bouaké'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-50'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_War' title='Football War'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-51'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars' title='Yugoslav Wars'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/NK_Dinamo_Zagreb' title='NK Dinamo Zagreb'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade' title='Red Star Belgrade'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-52'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Women%27s_association_football' title=\"Women's association football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Mia1997.JPG'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Mia1997.JPG' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team' title=\"United States women's national soccer team\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Germany_women%27s_national_football_team' title=\"Germany women's national football team\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Tsu_Chu' title='Tsu Chu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Han_Dynasty' title='Han Dynasty'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Han_Dynasty' title='Han Dynasty'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-globalgame-53'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-footballnetwork-54'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-SFA-55'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-56'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-FA-57'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association' title='Scottish Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Glasgow' title='Glasgow'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-FA-57'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-58'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Nettie_Honeyball' title='Nettie Honeyball'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/British_Ladies%27_Football_Club' title=\"British Ladies' Football Club\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Feminism' title='Feminism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Parliament' title='Parliament'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-Nettie_Honeyball-59'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-60'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Women%27s_football_match_Menai_Bridge_against_Penrhos_(24622680915).jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Women%27s_football_match_Menai_Bridge_against_Penrhos_(24622680915).jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/World_War_I' title='World War I'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Dick,_Kerr%27s_Ladies' title=\"Dick, Kerr's Ladies\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire' title='Preston, Lancashire'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Paris' title='Paris'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Scottish_people' title='Scottish people'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-SFA-55'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-61'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/The_Football_Association' title='The Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-62'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-63'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/English_Ladies_Football_Association' title='English Ladies Football Association'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Rugby_football' title='Rugby football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-64'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-65'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-BBCwomen-Gregory-66'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-BBCwomen-Gregory-66'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Team_sport' title='Team sport'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-BBCwomen-Gregory-66'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Women%27s_football_around_the_world' title=\"Women's football around the world\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/International_competitions_in_women%27s_football' title=\"International competitions in women's football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-67'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-BBCwomen-Gregory-66'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup' title=\"FIFA Women's World Cup\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-68'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament' title=\"Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-69'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)' title='Laws of the Game (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-70'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_(association_football)' title='Ball (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Captain_(association_football)' title='Captain (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)' title='Penalty kick (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-laws51-52-6'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka_edit2.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka_edit2.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Goalkeeper_(football)' title='Goalkeeper (football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Throw-in' title='Throw-in'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-71'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-fouls-72'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Offside_(association_football)' title='Offside (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-offsidelaw-73'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Slidetackle.JPG'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Slidetackle.JPG' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)' title='Tackle (football move)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Dribbling' title='Dribbling'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)#Association_football' title='Tackle (football move)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Referee_(association_football)' title='Referee (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-restart-74'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/FA_Premier_League_2005-06' title='FA Premier League 2005-06'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Premier_League' title='Premier League'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-75'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-LAW301-76'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Association_football_positions' title='Association football positions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Striker_(association_football)' title='Striker (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Defender_(association_football)' title='Defender (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Midfielder' title='Midfielder'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-77'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Formation_(association_football)' title='Formation (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Manager_(association_football)' title='Manager (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-78'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football' title='Football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)' title='Laws of the Game (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board' title='International Football Association Board'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-79'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Association_football_positions' title='Association football positions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Formation_(association_football)' title='Formation (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Substitute_(association_football)' title='Substitute (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Kit_(association_football)' title='Kit (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Howard_Webb3.jpg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Howard_Webb3.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Referee_(association_football)' title='Referee (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Substitute_(association_football)' title='Substitute (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Goalkeeper_(football)' title='Goalkeeper (football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Penalty_area' title='Penalty area'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Association_football_positions' title='Association football positions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-LAW301-76'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Kit_(association_football)' title='Kit (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Shin_guard' title='Shin guard'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Jockstrap' title='Jockstrap'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-80'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-81'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Association_football_headgear' title='Association football headgear'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-82'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-83'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Exhibition_game' title='Exhibition game'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Timewasting' title='Timewasting'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-84'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-85'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Referee_(association_football)' title='Referee (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Assistant_referee_(association_football)' title='Assistant referee (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Fourth_official' title='Fourth official'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-86'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Goal_line_technology' title='Goal line technology'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Video_assistant_referee' title='Video assistant referee'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-protocol-87'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Ball_(association_football)' title='Ball (association football)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Bar_(unit)' title='Bar (unit)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch' title='Pounds per square inch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-88'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-89'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Football_pitch' title='Football pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('image',) href='/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/File:Football_pitch_imperial.svg' title='File:Football pitch imperial.svg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/IFAB' title='IFAB'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Imperial_units' title='Imperial units'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/SI' title='SI'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Metrication' title='Metrication'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-90'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-91'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='#cite_note-92'>,\n",
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       " <Element 'a' class=('mw-redirect',) href='/wiki/Indirect_free_kick' title='Indirect free kick'>,\n",
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       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Throwback_uniform' title='Throwback uniform'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Amputee_football' title='Amputee football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Beach_soccer' title='Beach soccer'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Crab_soccer' title='Crab soccer'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Five-a-side_football' title='Five-a-side football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Futsal' title='Futsal'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Indoor_soccer' title='Indoor soccer'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Freestyle_football' title='Freestyle football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Keepie_uppie' title='Keepie uppie'>,\n",
       " ...]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# We can search for elements similarly to Beautiful Soup using the find() method\n",
    "# It behaves as find_all()\n",
    "\n",
    "# find all 'a' tags\n",
    "links = r.html.find(\"a\")\n",
    "links"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Element 'a' class=('mw-jump-link',) href='#mw-head'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "links[4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#mw-head\">Jump to navigation</a>'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To get the raw HTML of an element use the '.html' method\n",
    "links[4].html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(links[4].html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Jump to navigation'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To extract the text inside an element, use \".text\", just like in Beautiful Soup\n",
    "links[4].text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'href': '/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League', 'title': 'UEFA Champions League'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To obtain a dictionary of the element's attributes, use '.attrs' (exactly as in Beautiful Soup)\n",
    "links[10].attrs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Wikipedia:About' title='Wikipedia:About'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Wikipedia:About' title='Find out about Wikipedia'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//shop.wikimedia.org' title='Visit the Wikipedia store'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en' title='Support us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_NDL_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_NARA_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_LCCN_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_HDS_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with HDS identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_BNF_identifiers' title='Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages' title='Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' dir='ltr' href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# This package offers a couple of ways to filter tags based off text\n",
    "\n",
    "# Choose only those tags that contain the string 'wikipedia' in their text (not in the 'href' attribute)\n",
    "# Note: this is not case-sensitive\n",
    "r.html.find(\"a\", containing = \"wikipedia\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Contact Wikipedia',\n",
       " 'About Wikipedia',\n",
       " 'About Wikipedia',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia store',\n",
       " 'Donate to Wikipedia',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with HDS identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers',\n",
       " 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages',\n",
       " 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# display the text of those tags\n",
    "[tag.text for tag in r.html.find(\"a\", containing = \"wikipedia\")]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Element 'p' class=('mw-empty-elt',)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If we wish to find only the first element (similarly to Beautiful Soup .find()) we need to specify the 'first' parameter\n",
    "r.html.find(\"p\", first = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Searching for text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The package also offers searching text based on the parse library\n",
    "# The search() method can be thought of as the opposite of str.format():\n",
    "# it finds the text instead of inserting it in the specified place\n",
    "\n",
    "# For further details see https://pypi.org/project/parse/ \n",
    "# and https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#format-string-syntax"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Result (' as football field, football ground, ',) {}>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The method searches for a matching string, where '{}' is replaced by the returned text\n",
    "r.html.search(\"known{}soccer\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "' as football field, football ground, '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To access the text, get the first element (index 0)\n",
    "r.html.search(\"known{}soccer\")[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Result (' as football field, football ground, ',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result (' as <b>football</b> or <b>',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result (' as the <a href=\"/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)\" title=\"Laws of the Game (association football)\">Laws of the Game</a>. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68–70&#160;cm (27–28&#160;in) circumference, known as the <i><a href=\"/wiki/Ball_(association_football)\" title=\"Ball (association football)\">football</a></i>. Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team\\'s goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a <a href=\"/wiki/Captain_(association_football)\" title=\"Captain (association football)\">captain</a> who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)\" title=\"Penalty kick (association football)\">penalty kicks</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-laws51-52_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laws51-52-6\">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play, except for the <a href=\"/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)\" title=\"Goalkeeper (association football)\">goalkeepers</a> within the <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_area\" title=\"Penalty area\">penalty area</a>. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms. The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a <a href=\"/wiki/Tie_(draw)\" title=\"Tie (draw)\">draw</a> is declared or the game goes into <a href=\"/wiki/Extra_time\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Extra time\">extra time</a> or a <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(association_football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Penalty shootout (association football)\">penalty shootout</a> depending on the format of the competition.\\n</p><p>Football is governed internationally by the <a href=\"/wiki/FIFA\" title=\"FIFA\">International Federation of Association Football</a> (FIFA; <a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>: <i lang=\"fr\">Fédération Internationale de Football Association</i>), which organises <a href=\"/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup\" title=\"FIFA World Cup\">World Cups</a> for both men and <a href=\"/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup\" title=\"FIFA Women&#39;s World Cup\">women</a> every four years.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> The FIFA World Cup has taken place every four years since <a href=\"/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup\" title=\"1930 FIFA World Cup\">1930</a> with the exception of 1942 and 1946 tournaments, which were cancelled due to <a href=\"/wiki/World_War_II\" title=\"World War II\">World War II</a>. Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals. The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">&#91;b&#93;</a></sup> It is the most prestigious football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding the <a href=\"/wiki/Olympic_Games\" title=\"Olympic Games\">Olympic Games</a>.\\n</p><p>The most prestigious competition in club football is the <a href=\"/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League\" title=\"UEFA Champions League\">UEFA Champions League</a> which attracts an extensive television audience throughout the world. The final of the tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> The top five <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_top-division_football_clubs_in_UEFA_countries\" title=\"List of top-division football clubs in UEFA countries\">European leagues</a> are the <a href=\"/wiki/Premier_League\" title=\"Premier League\">Premier League</a> (England), <a href=\"/wiki/La_Liga\" title=\"La Liga\">La Liga</a> (Spain), <a href=\"/wiki/Bundesliga\" title=\"Bundesliga\">Bundesliga</a> (Germany), <a href=\"/wiki/Serie_A\" title=\"Serie A\">Serie A</a> (Italy), and <a href=\"/wiki/Ligue_1\" title=\"Ligue 1\">Ligue 1</a> (France). Attracting most of the world\\'s best players, each of the leagues has a total wage cost in excess of £600&#160;million/€763&#160;million/US$1.185&#160;billion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-10\">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Football is one of a family of <a href=\"/wiki/Football\" title=\"Football\">football codes</a>, which emerged from various ball games played worldwide since antiquity. The modern game traces its origins to 1863 when the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by <a href=\"/wiki/The_Football_Association\" title=\"The Football Association\">The Football Association</a>.\\n</p><p><span id=\"Etymology\"></span><span id=\"Names\"></span>\\n</p>\\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\" /><div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><h2>Contents</h2><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"></label></span></div>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Name\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Name</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#History\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">History</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Women&#39;s_association_football\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Women\\'s association football</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Early_women&#39;s_football\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Early women\\'s football</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#20th_and_21st_century\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">20th and 21st century</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Gameplay\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Gameplay</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Laws\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Laws</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Players,_equipment,_and_officials\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Players, equipment, and officials</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Ball\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ball</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Pitch\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Pitch</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Duration and tie-breaking methods</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#90-minute_ordinary_time\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">90-minute ordinary time</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Tie-breaking\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Tie-breaking</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Ball_in_and_out_of_play\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ball in and out of play</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Misconduct\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Misconduct</span></a>\\n<ul>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#On-field\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.6.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">On-field</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Off-field\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.6.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Off-field</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n</ul>\\n</li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Governing_bodies\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Governing bodies</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#International_competitions\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">International competitions</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Domestic_competitions\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Domestic competitions</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Professionalism\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Professionalism</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Hooliganism\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Hooliganism</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#Variants_and_casual_play\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Variants and casual play</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-24\"><a href=\"#See_also\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11</span> <span class=\"toctext\">See also</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-25\"><a href=\"#Notes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">12</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Notes</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-26\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">13</span> <span class=\"toctext\">References</span></a></li>\\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-27\"><a href=\"#External_links\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">14</span> <span class=\"toctext\">External links</span></a></li>\\n</ul>\\n</div>\\n\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Name\">Name</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Names_for_association_football\" title=\"Names for association football\">Names for association football</a></div>\\n<p>The rules of association football were codified in England by the Football Association in 1863 and the name <i>association football</i> was coined to distinguish the game from the <a href=\"/wiki/Football\" title=\"Football\">other forms of football</a> played at the time, specifically <a href=\"/wiki/Rugby_football\" title=\"Rugby football\">rugby football</a>. The first written \"reference to the inflated ball used in the game\" was in the mid-14th century: \"Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe\".<sup id=\"cite_ref-Octavian_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Octavian-11\">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> The <i><a href=\"/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary\" title=\"Online Etymology Dictionary\">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i> states that the \"rules of the game\" were made in 1848, before the \"split off in 1863\".<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> The term <i>',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result (' as the <a href=\"/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)\" title=\"Laws of the Game (association football)\">Laws of the Game</a>. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68–70&#160;cm (27–28&#160;in) circumference,<sup id=\"cite_ref-70\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-70\">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup> known as the <i><a href=\"/wiki/Ball_(association_football)\" title=\"Ball (association football)\">football</a></i> (or <i>',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result (' as a <i><a href=\"/wiki/Formation_(association_football)\" title=\"Formation (association football)\">formation</a></i>. Defining the team\\'s formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Manager_(association_football)\" title=\"Manager (association football)\">manager</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-78\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-78\">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Laws\">Laws</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">\"Rules of football\" redirects here. For the rules of other football games, see <a href=\"/wiki/Football\" title=\"Football\">Football</a>.</div>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)\" title=\"Laws of the Game (association football)\">Laws of the Game (association football)</a></div>\\n<p>There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the <a href=\"/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board\" title=\"International Football Association Board\">International Football Association Board</a> (IFAB).<sup id=\"cite_ref-79\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-79\">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup> In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.\\n</p>\\n<h3><span id=\"Players.2C_equipment.2C_and_officials\"></span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Players,_equipment,_and_officials\">Players, equipment, and officials</span></h3>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Association_football_positions\" title=\"Association football positions\">Association football positions</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Formation_(association_football)\" title=\"Formation (association football)\">Formation (association football)</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Substitute_(association_football)\" title=\"Substitute (association football)\">Substitute (association football)</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Kit_(association_football)\" title=\"Kit (association football)\">Kit (association football)</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Howard_Webb3.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Howard_Webb3.jpg/220px-Howard_Webb3.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"293\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Howard_Webb3.jpg/330px-Howard_Webb3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Howard_Webb3.jpg/440px-Howard_Webb3.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"538\" data-file-height=\"716\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Howard_Webb3.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>The <a href=\"/wiki/Referee_(association_football)\" title=\"Referee (association football)\">referee</a> officiates in a football match</div></div></div>\\n<p>Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding <a href=\"/wiki/Substitute_(association_football)\" title=\"Substitute (association football)\">substitutes</a>), one of whom must be the <a href=\"/wiki/Goalkeeper_(football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Goalkeeper (football)\">goalkeeper</a>. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_area\" title=\"Penalty area\">penalty area</a> in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of <a href=\"/wiki/Association_football_positions\" title=\"Association football positions\">positions</a> in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.<sup id=\"cite_ref-LAW301_76-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LAW301-76\">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The basic equipment or <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kit_(association_football)\" title=\"Kit (association football)\">kit</a></i> players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate <a href=\"/wiki/Shin_guard\" title=\"Shin guard\">shin guards</a>. An <a href=\"/wiki/Jockstrap\" title=\"Jockstrap\">athletic supporter</a> and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals.<sup id=\"cite_ref-80\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-80\">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-81\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81\">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Association_football_headgear\" title=\"Association football headgear\">Headgear</a> is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.<sup id=\"cite_ref-82\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-82\">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.<sup id=\"cite_ref-83\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-83\">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three in ninety minutes with each team being allowed one more if the game should go into extra-time, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in <a href=\"/wiki/Exhibition_game\" title=\"Exhibition game\">friendly matches</a>. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or <a href=\"/wiki/Timewasting\" title=\"Timewasting\">timewasting</a> at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match.<sup id=\"cite_ref-84\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-84\">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> IFAB recommends \"that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team.\" Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-85\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-85\">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p><span id=\"Match_officials\"></span>\\nA game is officiated by a <a href=\"/wiki/Referee_(association_football)\" title=\"Referee (association football)\">referee</a>, who has \"full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed\" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two <a href=\"/wiki/Assistant_referee_(association_football)\" title=\"Assistant referee (association football)\">assistant referees</a>. In many high-level games there is also a <a href=\"/wiki/Fourth_official\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Fourth official\">fourth official</a> who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise.<sup id=\"cite_ref-86\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-86\">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p><a href=\"/wiki/Goal_line_technology\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Goal line technology\">Goal line technology</a> is used to measure if the whole ball has crossed the goal-line thereby determining whether a goal has been scored or not; this was brought in to prevent there being controversy. <a href=\"/wiki/Video_assistant_referee\" title=\"Video assistant referee\">video assistant referees</a> (VAR) have also been increasingly introduced in high-level matches to assist officials through video replays to correct clear and obvious mistakes. There are four types of calls that can be reviewed: mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card, goals and whether there was a violation during the buildup, direct red card decisions, and penalty decisions.<sup id=\"cite_ref-protocol_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-protocol-87\">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ball\">Ball</span></h3>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Ball_(association_football)\" title=\"Ball (association football)\">Ball (association football)</a></div>\\n<p>The ball is spherical with a circumference of between 68 and 70 centimetres (27 and 28&#160;in), a weight in the range of 410 to 450 grams (14 to 16&#160;oz), and a pressure between 0.6 and 1.1 <a href=\"/wiki/Bar_(unit)\" title=\"Bar (unit)\">bars</a> (8.5 and 15.6 <a href=\"/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch\" title=\"Pounds per square inch\">pounds per square inch</a>)  at sea level. In the past the ball was made up of leather panels sewn together, with a latex bladder for pressurisation but modern balls at all levels of the game are now synthetic.<sup id=\"cite_ref-88\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-88\">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-89\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-89\">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Pitch\">Pitch</span></h3>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Football_pitch\" title=\"Football pitch\">Football pitch</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pitch_metric.svg/220px-Football_pitch_metric.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pitch_metric.svg/330px-Football_pitch_metric.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pitch_metric.svg/440px-Football_pitch_metric.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"750\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Standard pitch measurements (<a href=\"/wiki/File:Football_pitch_imperial.svg\" title=\"File:Football pitch imperial.svg\">See Imperial version</a>)</div></div></div>\\n<p>As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within <a href=\"/wiki/IFAB\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IFAB\">IFAB</a>, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in <a href=\"/wiki/Imperial_units\" title=\"Imperial units\">imperial units</a>. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate <a href=\"/wiki/SI\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SI\">metric</a> equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of <a href=\"/wiki/Metrication\" title=\"Metrication\">metrication</a> (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.<sup id=\"cite_ref-90\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-90\">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The length of the pitch, or field, for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110&#160;m (110–120&#160;yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75&#160;m (70–80&#160;yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120&#160;m (100–130&#160;yd) length and 45–90&#160;m (50–100&#160;yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105&#160;m (115&#160;yd) long and 68&#160;m (74&#160;yd) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches;<sup id=\"cite_ref-91\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-91\">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.<sup id=\"cite_ref-92\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-92\">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The longer boundary lines are <i>touchlines</i>, while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are <i>goal lines</i>. A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line.<sup id=\"cite_ref-93\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-93\">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup> The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 24 feet (7.3&#160;m) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 8 feet (2.4&#160;m) above the ground. Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the Laws.<sup id=\"cite_ref-94\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-94\">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5&#160;m (18&#160;yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5&#160;m (18&#160;yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at <a href=\"/wiki/Kick-off_(association_football)\" title=\"Kick-off (association football)\">kick-offs</a>, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.<sup id=\"cite_ref-95\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-95\">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods\">Duration and tie-breaking methods</span></h3>\\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"90-minute_ordinary_time\">90-minute ordinary time</span></h4>\\n<p>A standard adult football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-rule7.2_96-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-rule7.2-96\">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup> The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called <i>additional time</i> in FIFA documents,<sup id=\"cite_ref-97\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-97\">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-98\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-98\">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup> but is most commonly referred to as <i>stoppage time</i> or <i>injury time</i>, while <i>lost time</i> can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. Stoppage time does not fully compensate for the time in which the ball is <a href=\"/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play\" title=\"Ball in and out of play\">out of play</a>, and a 90-minute game typically involves about an hour of \"effective playing time\".<sup id=\"cite_ref-99\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-99\">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup> The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time they intend to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee.<sup id=\"cite_ref-rule7.2_96-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-rule7.2-96\">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup> Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between <a href=\"/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C.\" title=\"Stoke City F.C.\">Stoke</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.\" title=\"Aston Villa F.C.\">Aston Villa</a>. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa\\'s goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90&#160;minutes had elapsed and the game was over.<sup id=\"cite_ref-100\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-100\">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup> The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.<sup id=\"cite_ref-101\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-101\">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Tie-breaking\">Tie-breaking</span></h4>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Determining_the_Outcome_of_a_Match_(association_football)\" title=\"Determining the Outcome of a Match (association football)\">Determining the Outcome of a Match (association football)</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg/220px-Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"125\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg/330px-Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg/440px-Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"682\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Most football competitions use a <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Penalty shootout (football)\">penalty shootout</a> to decide the winner if a match ends as a draw</div></div></div>\\n<p>In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock; some competitions may invoke <a href=\"/wiki/Replay_(sports)\" title=\"Replay (sports)\">replays</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-102\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-102\">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup> A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of <a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Penalty shootout (football)\">penalty shootouts</a> (known officially in the Laws of the Game as \"kicks from the penalty mark\") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count towards the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).<sup id=\"cite_ref-laws51-52_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laws51-52-6\">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>In competitions using <a href=\"/wiki/Two-legged_match\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Two-legged match\">two-legged matches</a>, each team competes at home once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team progresses. Where aggregates are equal, the <a href=\"/wiki/Away_goals_rule\" title=\"Away goals rule\">away goals rule</a> may be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that scored the most goals in the leg they played away from home. If the result is still equal, extra time and potentially a penalty shootout are required.<sup id=\"cite_ref-laws51-52_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laws51-52-6\">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ball_in_and_out_of_play\">Ball in and out of play</span></h3>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play\" title=\"Ball in and out of play\">Ball in and out of play</a></div><div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg/220px-Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"155\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg/330px-Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg/440px-Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2641\" data-file-height=\"1856\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>A player takes a free kick, while the opposition form a \"wall\" to try to block the ball</div></div></div><p>Under the Laws, the two basic states of play during a game are <i>ball in play</i> and <i>ball out of play</i>. From the beginning of each <a href=\"/wiki/Playing_period\" title=\"Playing period\">playing period</a> with a kick-off until the end of the playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play, or play is stopped by the referee. When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one of eight restart methods depending on how it went out of play:\\n</p><ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kick-off_(association_football)\" title=\"Kick-off (association football)\">Kick-off</a>: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play.<sup id=\"cite_ref-restart_74-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-restart-74\">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Throw-in\" title=\"Throw-in\">Throw-in</a>: when the ball has crossed the touchline; awarded to the opposing team to that which last touched the ball.<sup id=\"cite_ref-103\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-103\">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Goal_kick\" title=\"Goal kick\">Goal kick</a>: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.<sup id=\"cite_ref-104\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-104\">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Corner_kick\" title=\"Corner kick\">Corner kick</a>: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team.<sup id=\"cite_ref-105\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-105\">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Indirect_free_kick\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Indirect free kick\">Indirect free kick</a>: awarded to the opposing team following \"non-penal\" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution or dismiss an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly (without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.<sup id=\"cite_ref-freekick_106-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-freekick-106\">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Direct_free_kick\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Direct free kick\">Direct free kick</a>: awarded to fouled team following certain listed \"penal\" fouls.<sup id=\"cite_ref-freekick_106-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-freekick-106\">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup> A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick.</li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)\" title=\"Penalty kick (association football)\">Penalty kick</a>: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent\\'s penalty area.<sup id=\"cite_ref-107\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-107\">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup></li>\\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dropped-ball\" title=\"Dropped-ball\">Dropped-ball</a>: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective.<sup id=\"cite_ref-restart_74-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-restart-74\">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Misconduct\">Misconduct</span></h3>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Foul_(association_football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Foul (association football)\">Foul (association football)</a></div>\\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"On-field\">On-field</span></h4>\\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\"/><div class=\"thumb tmulti tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:208px;max-width:208px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:102px;max-width:102px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Yellow_card.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yellow_card.svg/100px-Yellow_card.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yellow_card.svg/150px-Yellow_card.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yellow_card.svg/200px-Yellow_card.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"200\" data-file-height=\"260\" /></a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:102px;max-width:102px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Red_card.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Red_card.svg/100px-Red_card.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Red_card.svg/150px-Red_card.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Red_card.svg/200px-Red_card.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"200\" data-file-height=\"260\" /></a></div></div></div><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"thumbcaption\" style=\"background-color:transparent\">Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and dismissed from the game with a red card. These colours were first introduced at the <a href=\"/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup\" title=\"1970 FIFA World Cup\">1970 FIFA World Cup</a> and used consistently since.</div></div></div></div>\\n<p>A <a href=\"/wiki/Foul_(football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Foul (football)\">foul</a> occurs when a player commits an offence listed in the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play. The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law 12. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of \"penal fouls\", punishable by a <a href=\"/wiki/Direct_free_kick\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Direct free kick\">direct free kick</a> or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an <a href=\"/wiki/Indirect_free_kick\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Indirect free kick\">indirect free kick</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-fouls_72-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fouls-72\">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The referee may punish a player\\'s or substitute\\'s <a href=\"/wiki/Misconduct_(football)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Misconduct (football)\">misconduct</a> by a caution (<a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_card\" title=\"Penalty card\">yellow card</a>) or dismissal (<a href=\"/wiki/Penalty_card\" title=\"Penalty card\">red card</a>). A second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been \"booked\", the referee writing the player\\'s name in their official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of \"unsporting behaviour\" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.<sup id=\"cite_ref-fouls_72-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fouls-72\">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as \"playing an advantage\".<sup id=\"cite_ref-108\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-108\">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> The referee may \"call back\" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within \"a few seconds\". Even if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at the next stoppage of play.<sup id=\"cite_ref-109\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-109\">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The referee\\'s decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final.<sup id=\"cite_ref-110\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-110\">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup> The score of a match cannot be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect.\\n</p>\\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Off-field\">Off-field</span></h4>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Foul_(association_football)#Post-match\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Foul (association football)\">Foul (association football) §&#160;Post-match</a></div>\\n<p>Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs\\' financial management, <a href=\"/wiki/Doping_in_sport\" title=\"Doping in sport\">doping</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Age_fraud_in_association_football\" title=\"Age fraud in association football\">age fraud</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Match_fixing\" title=\"Match fixing\">match fixing</a>. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FAsuspensions_111-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FAsuspensions-111\">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup> Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card.<sup id=\"cite_ref-112\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-112\">&#91;c&#93;</a></sup> Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FAsuspensions_111-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FAsuspensions-111\">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>Sanctions for such infractions may be levied on individuals or on to clubs as a whole. Penalties may include fines, points deductions (in league competitions) or even expulsion from competitions. For example, the <a href=\"/wiki/English_Football_League\" title=\"English Football League\">English Football League</a> deduct 12 points from any team that enters <a href=\"/wiki/Administration_(British_football)\" title=\"Administration (British football)\">financial administration</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-113\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-113\">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup> Among other administrative sanctions are penalties against game forfeiture. Teams that had forfeited a game or had been forfeited against would be awarded a technical loss or win.\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Governing_bodies\">Governing bodies</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Association_football_around_the_world\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Association football around the world\">Association football around the world</a></div>\\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:FIFA-Headquarter.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/220px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"95\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/330px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/440px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1701\" data-file-height=\"732\" /></a>  <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:FIFA-Headquarter.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"></a></div>Headquarters of <a href=\"/wiki/FIFA\" title=\"FIFA\">FIFA</a>, the world governing body of football</div></div></div>\\n<p>The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as <a href=\"/wiki/Futsal\" title=\"Futsal\">futsal</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Beach_',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result (' as <i><a href=\"/wiki/El_Cl%C3%A1sico\" title=\"El Clásico\">El Clásico</a></i>, is one of the most renowned in sport.<sup id=\"cite_ref-123\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-123\">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup></div></div></div>\\n<p>The governing bodies in each country operate <a href=\"/wiki/League_system\" title=\"League system\">league systems</a> in a <a href=\"/wiki/Domestic_association_football_season\" title=\"Domestic association football season\">domestic season</a>, normally comprising several <a href=\"/wiki/Division_(sport)\" title=\"Division (sport)\">divisions</a>, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into <a href=\"/wiki/Table_(information)\" title=\"Table (information)\">tables</a>, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a <a href=\"/wiki/Round-robin_tournament\" title=\"Round-robin tournament\">round-robin tournament</a>. At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be <a href=\"/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation\" title=\"Promotion and relegation\">promoted</a> to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are <a href=\"/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation\" title=\"Promotion and relegation\">relegated</a> to a lower division.<sup id=\"cite_ref-124\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-124\">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p><p>The teams finishing at the top of a country\\'s league may be eligible also to play in <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_association_football_competitions\" title=\"List of association football competitions\">international club competitions</a> in the following season. The main exceptions to this system occur in some Latin American leagues, which divide football championships into two sections named <a href=\"/wiki/Apertura_and_Clausura\" title=\"Apertura and Clausura\">Apertura and Clausura</a> (Spanish for <i>Opening</i> and <i>Closing</i>), awarding a champion for each.<sup id=\"cite_ref-125\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-125\">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup> The majority of countries supplement the league system with one or more \"cup\" competitions organised on a <a href=\"/wiki/Single_elimination_tournament\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Single elimination tournament\">knock-out</a> basis.\\n</p><p>Some countries\\' top divisions feature highly paid star players; in smaller countries, lower divisions, and most of women\\'s clubs, players may be part-timers with a second job, or amateurs. The five top European leagues&#160;– the <a href=\"/wiki/Bundesliga\" title=\"Bundesliga\">Bundesliga</a> (Germany), <a href=\"/wiki/Premier_League\" title=\"Premier League\">Premier League</a> (England),<sup id=\"cite_ref-126\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-126\">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/La_Liga\" title=\"La Liga\">La Liga</a> (Spain), <a href=\"/wiki/Serie_A\" title=\"Serie A\">Serie A</a> (Italy), and <a href=\"/wiki/Ligue_1\" title=\"Ligue 1\">Ligue 1</a> (France)&#160;– attract most of the world\\'s best players and each of the leagues has a total wage cost in excess of £600&#160;million/€763&#160;million/US$1.185&#160;billion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-10\">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Professionalism\">Professionalism</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Professionalism_in_association_football\" title=\"Professionalism in association football\">Professionalism in association football</a></div>\\n<p>Clubs first started to pay their players in 1885.\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Hooliganism\">Hooliganism</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Football_hooliganism\" title=\"Football hooliganism\">Football hooliganism</a></div>\\n<p>Football hooliganism is disorderly, violent, or destructive behaviour perpetrated by spectators at football events.<sup id=\"cite_ref-127\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-127\">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-independent38673_128-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-independent38673-128\">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup>\\n</p>\\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Variants_and_casual_play\">Variants and casual play</span></h2>\\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Variants_of_association_football\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Variants of association football\">Variants of association football</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Street_football\" title=\"Street football\">Street football</a></div>\\n<p>Variants of football have been codified for reduced-sized teams (i.e. <a href=\"/wiki/Five-a-side_football\" title=\"Five-a-side football\">five-a-side football</a>) play in non-field environments (i.e. <a href=\"/wiki/Beach_',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=In+a+globalised+world%2C+the+football+World+Cup+is+a+force+for+good&amp;rft.pub=The+Conversation&amp;rft.date=2014-07-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fin-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886058088\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html\">\"History of Football – Britain, the home of Football\"</a>. FIFA.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+Britain%2C+the+home+of+Football&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fthe-game%2FBritain-home-of-football.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\">Post Publishing PCL. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/413747/\">\"Bangkok Post article\"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Bangkok+Post+article&amp;rft.au=Post+Publishing+PCL.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fprint%2F413747%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-fifa-or-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-fifa-or_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fifa-or_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html\">\"History of Football – The Origins\"</a>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">29 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+The+Origins&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fthe-game%2Forigins.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-laws51-52-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-laws51-52_6-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laws51-52_6-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laws51-52_6-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laws51-52_6-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf\">\"Procedures to determine the winner of a match or home-and-away\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laws of the Game 2010/2011</i>. FIFA. pp.&#160;51–52<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Procedures+to+determine+the+winner+of+a+match+or+home-and-away&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game+2010%2F2011&amp;rft.pages=51-52&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fgeneric%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20050314003412/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0%2C3509%2C10%2C00.html\">\"2002 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage\"</a>. FIFA. 5 December 2006. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html\">the original</a> on 14 March 2005<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=What%27s+the+origin+of+the+word+%22',) {}>,\n",
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Kennell, <i>The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta (Studies in the History of Greece and Rome)</i>, The University of North Carolina Press, 1995, on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=u_eAP7wN5XUC&amp;pg=PA61&amp;dq=episkuros+rugby&amp;cd=16#v=onepage&amp;q=episkuros%20rugby\">Google Books</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Steve Craig, <i>Sports and Games of the Ancients: (Sports and Games Through History)</i>, Greenwood, 2002, on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=KKlSSRq-P2QC&amp;pg=PA104&amp;dq=phaininda+rugby&amp;cd=2#v=onepage&amp;q=phaininda%20rugby\">Google Books</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Don Nardo, <i>Greek and Roman Sport</i>, Greenhaven Press, 1999, p. 83</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Sally E. D. Wilkins, <i>Sports and games of medieval cultures</i>, Greenwood, 2002, on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=IyFHvy-SCIYC&amp;pg=PA214&amp;dq=episkuros+rugby&amp;cd=2#v=onepage&amp;q=episkuros%20rugby\">Google books</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm\">\"Rugby Football History\"</a>. Rugby Football History<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rugby+Football+History&amp;rft.pub=Rugby+Football+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugbyfootballhistory.com%2Foriginsofrugby.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html\">\"Classic Football History of the Game\"</a>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Classic+Football+History+of+the+Game&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fthe-game%2FBritain-home-of-football.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-game/index.html\">\"History of Football – The Origins\"</a>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+The+Origins&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fabout-fifa%2Fwho-we-are%2Fthe-game%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Chadwick, Simon; Hamil, Sean, eds. (2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=aTYtBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA458\"><i>Managing Football: An International Perspective</i></a>. London: Routledge. p.&#160;458. <a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-43763-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-136-43763-2\"><bdi>978-1-136-43763-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Managing+Football%3A+An+International+Perspective&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=458&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-136-43763-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaTYtBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA458&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html\">\"Classic Football History of the Game\"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame2.html\">the original</a> on 1 July 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">20 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+Britain%2C+the+home+of+Football&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fgame%2Fhistorygame2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Harvey, Adrian (2005). <i>Football, the first hundred years</i>. 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London<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+hands-off+approach+to+a+man%27s+game&amp;rft.date=2005-03-28&amp;rft.aulast=Winner&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C27-1544006%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-FAhistory-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-FAhistory_35-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FAhistory_35-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/history\">\"History of the FA\"</a>. Football Association (FA)<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">9 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+FA&amp;rft.pub=Football+Association+%28FA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefa.com%2Fabout-football-association%2Fhistory&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Merger-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Merger_36-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Young, Percy M. (1964). <i>Football in Sheffield</i>. S. Paul. pp.&#160;28–29.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Football+in+Sheffield&amp;rft.pages=28-29&amp;rft.pub=S.+Paul&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.aulast=Young&amp;rft.aufirst=Percy+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110501121005/http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0%2C%2C10794~1357277%2C00.html\">\"The History of the Football League\"</a>. The Football League. 22 September 2010. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0,,10794~1357277,00.html\">the original</a> on 1 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Football+League&amp;rft.pub=The+Football+League&amp;rft.date=2010-09-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.football-league.co.uk%2Fpage%2FHistory%2FHistoryDetail%2F0%2C%2C10794~1357277%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Parrish, Charles; Nauright, John (2014). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=N6qSAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA78\"><i>',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=IFAB&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fifab%2Faboutifab.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070422035010/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0%2C3504%2C3%2C00.html\">\"The International FA Board\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html\">the original</a> on 22 April 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+International+FA+Board&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccess.fifa.com%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Fhistory%2F0%2C3504%2C3%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Wherebegan-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Wherebegan_41-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Wherebegan_41-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070608215029/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0%2C3504%2C4%2C00.html\">\"Where it all began\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html\">the original</a> on 8 June 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">8 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Where+it+all+began&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccess.fifa.com%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Fhistory%2F0%2C3504%2C4%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-IFAB_works-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-IFAB_works_42-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-IFAB_works_42-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/aboutifab.html\">\"The IFAB: How it works\"</a>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+IFAB%3A+How+it+works&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fifab%2Faboutifab.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\">Ingle, Sean; Glendenning, Barry (9 October 2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/oct/09/theknowledge.sport\">\"Baseball or Football: which sport gets the higher attendance?\"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. UK<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">5 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Baseball+or+Football%3A+which+sport+gets+the+higher+attendance%3F&amp;rft.date=2003-10-09&amp;rft.aulast=Ingle&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft.au=Glendenning%2C+Barry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2003%2Foct%2F09%2Ftheknowledge.sport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-billions-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-billions_44-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070922225713/http://fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketingtv/factsfigures/tvdata.html\">\"TV Data\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketingtv/factsfigures/tvdata.html\">the original</a> on 22 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=TV+Data&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Fmarketingtv%2Ffactsfigures%2Ftvdata.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-billions2-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-billions2_45-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519.html\">\"2014 FIFA World Cup™ reached 3.2&#160;billion viewers, one billion watched final\"</a>. FIFA. 16 December 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2014+FIFA+World+Cup%E2%84%A2+reached+3.2+billion+viewers%2C+one+billion+watched+final&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft.date=2015-12-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldcup%2Fnews%2Fy%3D2015%2Fm%3D12%2Fnews%3D2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060915133001/http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf\">\"FIFA Survey: approximately 250 million footballers worldwide\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> on 15 September 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">15 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FIFA+Survey%3A+approximately+250+million+footballers+worldwide&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccess.fifa.com%2Finfoplus%2FIP-199_01E_big-count.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/\">\"2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before\"</a>. FIFA. 6 February 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">11 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2006+FIFA+World+Cup+broadcast+wider%2C+longer+and+farther+than+ever+before&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft.date=2007-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fmarketing%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D111247%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.jtitle=Common+Ground+News+Service&amp;rft.atitle=More+than+a+game&amp;rft.date=2006-06-20&amp;rft.aulast=Stormer&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commongroundnews.org%2Farticle.php%3Fsid%3D1%26id%3D2079&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\">Austin, Merrill (10 July 2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2007/07/ivorycoast200707\">\"Best Feet Forward\"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100228162619/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2007/07/ivorycoast200707\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&amp;rft.atitle=Best+Feet+Forward&amp;rft.date=2007-07-10&amp;rft.aulast=Austin&amp;rft.aufirst=Merrill&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2F2007%2F07%2Fivorycoast200707&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\">Dart, James; Bandini, Paolo (21 February 2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/feb/21/theknowledge.sport\">\"Has football ever started a war?\"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071029181328/http://football.guardian.co.uk/theknowledge/story/0%2C%2C2017161%2C00.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Has+football+ever+started+a+war%3F&amp;rft.date=2007-02-21&amp;rft.aulast=Dart&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft.au=Bandini%2C+Paolo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F21%2Ftheknowledge.sport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a href=\"/wiki/Daniel_W._Drezner\" title=\"Daniel W. Drezner\">Drezner, Daniel</a> (4 June 2006). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/02/AR2006060201401.html\">\"The ',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Global+Game&amp;rft.atitle=Genesis+of+the+Global+Game&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobalgame.com%2Faboutus.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-footballnetwork-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-footballnetwork_54-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/historyoffootball/history1.asp\">\"The Chinese and Tsu Chu\"</a>. <i>The Football Network</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">1 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Football+Network&amp;rft.atitle=The+Chinese+and+Tsu+Chu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footballnetwork.org%2Fdev%2Fhistoryoffootball%2Fhistory1.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-SFA-55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-SFA_55-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-SFA_55-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20050308172042/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=409\">\"A Brief History of Women\\'s Football\"</a>. Scottish Football Association. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=409\">the original</a> on 8 March 2005<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">18 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Women%27s+Football&amp;rft.pub=Scottish+Football+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishfa.co.uk%2Fscottish_football.cfm%3Fcurpageid%3D409&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12080678.display/\">\"A game of two sexes\"</a>. <i>The Herald</i>. Glasgow. 8 February 1997.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=A+game+of+two+sexes&amp;rft.date=1997-02-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F12080678.display%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-FA-57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-FA_57-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FA_57-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090325030003/http://www.thefa.com/Womens/EnglandSenior/History/\">\"Women\\'s Football History\"</a>. The Football Association. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.thefa.com/Womens/EnglandSenior/History/\">the original</a> on 25 March 2009.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Women%27s+Football+History&amp;rft.pub=The+Football+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefa.com%2FWomens%2FEnglandSenior%2FHistory%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_58-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4607171.stm\">\"How women\\'s football battled for survival\"</a>. BBC. 3 June 2005.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=How+women%27s+football+battled+for+survival&amp;rft.date=2005-06-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Fwomen%2F4607171.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-Nettie_Honeyball-59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Nettie_Honeyball_59-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061116204454/http://www.',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.jtitle=',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=Tournaments%3A+Women%27s+World+Cup&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ftournaments%2Farchive%2Ftournament%3D103%2Fawards%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Moore, Kevin (2015). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=e6nDCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68\">\"Football and the Olympics and Paralympics\"</a>.  In Hassan, David; Mitra, Shakya (eds.). <i>The Olympic Games: Meeting New Global Challenges</i>. London: Routledge. p.&#160;68. <a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-74176-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-415-74176-7\"><bdi>978-0-415-74176-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Football+and+the+Olympics+and+Paralympics&amp;rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Games%3A+Meeting+New+Global+Challenges&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=68&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-74176-7&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=Kevin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De6nDCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Become-a-licensee/Tests/Circumference/\">Circumference – FIFA Quality Programme</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161119053959/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Become-a-licensee/Tests/Circumference/\">Archived</a> 19 November 2016 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://expertfootball.com/wp/heading/\">\"How to head a football\"</a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20101215132821/http://expertfootball.com/training/heading.php\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">3 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+head+a+football&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpertfootball.com%2Fwp%2Fheading%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-fouls-72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-fouls_72-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fouls_72-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fouls_72-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011115718/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 12)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm\">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+12%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws12_02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-offsidelaw-73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-offsidelaw_73-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf\">\"Law 11&#160;– Offside\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laws of the Game 2010/2011</i>. FIFA. p.&#160;31<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Law+11+%E2%80%93+Offside&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game+2010%2F2011&amp;rft.pages=31&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fgeneric%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-restart-74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-restart_74-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-restart_74-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-restart_74-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws8_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 8)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142456/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws8_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+8%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws8_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023234/http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html\">\"England Premiership (2005/2006)\"</a>. <i>Sportpress.com</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html\">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">5 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sportpress.com&amp;rft.atitle=England+Premiership+%282005%2F2006%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportpress.com%2Fstats%2Fen%2F738_england_premiership_2005_2006%2F11_league_summary.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-LAW301-76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAW301_76-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAW301_76-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 3–Number of Players)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142527/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+3%E2%80%93Number+of+Players%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws3_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4196830.stm\">\"Positions guide, Who is in a team?\"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 1 September 2005. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061105213730/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4196830.stm\">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Positions+guide%2C+Who+is+in+a+team%3F&amp;rft.date=2005-09-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4196830.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm\">\"Formations\"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 1 September 2005. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070825133301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm\">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Formations&amp;rft.date=2005-09-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4197420.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html\">\"Laws of the Game\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070901044035/http://fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html\">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldfootball%2Flawsofthegame.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://strikingeagles.tripod.com/health_advice_for_boys.htm\">\"Health Advice for Boys\"</a>. Strikingeagles.tripod.com<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Health+Advice+for+Boys&amp;rft.pub=Strikingeagles.tripod.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstrikingeagles.tripod.com%2Fhealth_advice_for_boys.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-81\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://files.leagueathletics.com/Images/Club/6097/The%20Prevention%20of%20injuries.pdf\">\"',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+4%E2%80%93Players%27+Equipment%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws4_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-84\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144947/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 3–Substitution procedure)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm\">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+3%E2%80%93Substitution+procedure%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws3_02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-85\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf\">\"Law 3&#160;– The Number of Players\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laws of the Game 2010/2011</i>. FIFA. p.&#160;62<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Law+3+%E2%80%93+The+Number+of+Players&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game+2010%2F2011&amp;rft.pages=62&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fgeneric%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 5 – The referee)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141909/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+5+%E2%80%93+The+referee%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws5_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-protocol-87\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-protocol_87-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.knvb.nl/downloads/bestand/9844/var-handbook-summary\">\"Video Assistant Referees (VARs) Experiment – Protocol (Summary)\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <a href=\"/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board\" title=\"International Football Association Board\">International Football Association Board</a>. 26 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Video+Assistant+Referees+%28VARs%29+Experiment+%E2%80%93+Protocol+%28Summary%29&amp;rft.pub=International+Football+Association+Board&amp;rft.date=2017-04-26&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knvb.nl%2Fdownloads%2Fbestand%2F9844%2Fvar-handbook-summary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-88\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf\">\"Laws of the Game 2013/2014\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. FIFA.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game+2013%2F2014&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Ffootballdevelopment%2Frefereeing%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flog2013en%255fneutral.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-89\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160904193101/http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Football-facts/Football-manufacturing\">\"Football manufacturing\"</a>. <i>FIFA quality program</i>. <a href=\"/wiki/FIFA\" title=\"FIFA\">FIFA</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Football-facts/Football-manufacturing/\">the original</a> on 4 September 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">3 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FIFA+quality+program&amp;rft.atitle=Football+manufacturing&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquality.fifa.com%2Fen%2FFootballs%2FFootball-facts%2FFootball-manufacturing%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\">Summers, Chris (2 September 2004). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3934353.stm\">\"Will we ever go completely metric?\"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071010064850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3934353.stm\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Will+we+ever+go+completely+metric%3F&amp;rft.date=2004-09-02&amp;rft.aulast=Summers&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fmagazine%2F3934353.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/media/news/newsid=707751/\">\"Goal-line technology put on ice\"</a>. FIFA. 8 March 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Goal-line+technology+put+on+ice&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft.date=2008-03-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fifab%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D707751%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-92\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-92\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/77/82/55/circularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf\">\"FIFA Amendments to the Laws of the Game, 2008\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FIFA+Amendments+to+the+Laws+of+the+Game%2C+2008&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fadministration%2F77%2F82%2F55%2Fcircularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-93\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142202/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 1.1 – The field of play)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm\">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+1.1+%E2%80%93+The+field+of+play%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws1_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-94\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-94\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144942/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 1.4 – The Field of play)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm\">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+1.4+%E2%80%93+The+Field+of+play%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws1_04.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-95\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-95\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011084145/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 1.3 – The field of play)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm\">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+1.3+%E2%80%93+The+field+of+play%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws1_03.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-rule7.2-96\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-rule7.2_96-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-rule7.2_96-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_02.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 7.2 – The duration of the match)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144952/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_02.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+7.2+%E2%80%93+The+duration+of+the+match%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws7_02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-97\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-97\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120721055324/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf\">\"Interpretation of the Laws of the Game&#160;– Law 07\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span> on 21 July 2012.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Interpretation+of+the+Laws+of+the+Game+%E2%80%93+Law+07&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Fworldfootball%2Fclubfootball%2F01%2F37%2F04%2F23%2Finterpretation_law07_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-98\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-98\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_7_the_duration_of_the_match_en_47401.pdf\">\"Law 7 – The Duration of the Match\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. FIFA.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Law+7+%E2%80%93+The+Duration+of+the+Match&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Fafdeveloping%2Frefereeing%2Flaw_7_the_duration_of_the_match_en_47401.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-99\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-99\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40311889\">\"Football reforms: Scrapping 45-minute half to be debated at Ifab\"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 18 June 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">7 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Football+reforms%3A+Scrapping+45-minute+half+to+be+debated+at+Ifab&amp;rft.date=2017-06-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F40311889&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-100\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-100\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"/wiki/The_Sunday_Times\" title=\"The Sunday Times\">The Sunday Times</a> <i>Illustrated History of Football</i> Reed International Books Limited 1996. p. 11 <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/><a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85613-341-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/1-85613-341-9\">1-85613-341-9</a></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-101\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-101\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071019042952/http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_03.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 7.3 – The duration of the match)\"</a>. FIFA. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_03.htm\">the original</a> on 19 October 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">3 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+7.3+%E2%80%93+The+duration+of+the+match%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws7_03.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-102\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-102\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">For example in the <a href=\"/wiki/FA_Cup\" title=\"FA Cup\">FA Cup</a> prior to the semi-finals.</span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-103\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-103\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws15_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 15 – The Throw-in)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142556/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws15_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+15+%E2%80%93+The+Throw-in%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws15_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-104\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-104\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 16 – The Goal Kick)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141725/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+16+%E2%80%93+The+Goal+Kick%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws16_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-105\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-105\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 17 – The Corner Kick)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142324/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+17+%E2%80%93+The+Corner+Kick%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws17_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-freekick-106\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-freekick_106-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-freekick_106-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws13_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 13 – Free Kicks)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142645/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws13_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+13+%E2%80%93+Free+Kicks%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws13_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-107\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-107\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws14_01.htm\">\"Laws of the game (Law 14 – The Penalty Kick)\"</a>. FIFA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142717/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws14_01.htm\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">14 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+game+%28Law+14+%E2%80%93+The+Penalty+Kick%29&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fflash%2Flotg%2Ffootball%2Fen%2FLaws14_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-108\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-108\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4188646.stm\">\"Referee\\'s signals: advantage\"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 14 September 2005<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Referee%27s+signals%3A+advantage&amp;rft.date=2005-09-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4188646.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-109\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-109\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf\">\"Law 5: The Referee: Advantage\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laws of the Game 2010/2011</i>. FIFA. p.&#160;66<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Law+5%3A+The+Referee%3A+Advantage&amp;rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+Game+2010%2F2011&amp;rft.pages=66&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fgeneric%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-110\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-110\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf\">\"Law 5: The Referee\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Laws of the Game</i>. FIFA. p.&#160;24<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Law+5%3A+The+Referee&amp;rft.btitle=The+Laws+of+the+Game&amp;rft.pages=24&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Faffederation%2Fgeneric%2F81%2F42%2F36%2Flawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-FAsuspensions-111\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-FAsuspensions_111-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FAsuspensions_111-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">For example, see <a href=\"/wiki/The_Football_Association\" title=\"The Football Association\">The Football Association</a>\\'s rules regarding player suspensions in FA competitions: <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.thefa.com/~/media/files/thefaportal/governance-docs/rules-of-the-association/2015-16/031g_memorandum-of-disciplinary-procedures-_section-d.ashx\">\"DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES\"</a>. The Football Association<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">1 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DISCIPLINARY+PROCEDURES&amp;rft.pub=The+Football+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefa.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fthefaportal%2Fgovernance-docs%2Frules-of-the-association%2F2015-16%2F031g_memorandum-of-disciplinary-procedures-_section-d.ashx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-113\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-113\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33027933\">\"Football League administration penalty raised to 12 points\"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 5 June 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Football+League+administration+penalty+raised+to+12+points&amp;rft.date=2015-06-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F33027933&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-confeds-114\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-confeds_114-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-confeds_114-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/confederations/\">\"Confederations\"</a>. FIFA<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Confederations&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fconfederations%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-2006coverage-116\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2006coverage_116-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/index.html\">\"2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before\"</a>. FIFA. 6 February 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">11 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2006+FIFA+World+Cup+broadcast+wider%2C+longer+and+farther+than+ever+before&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft.date=2007-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fmarketing%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D111247%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-117\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-117\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Tom Dunmore, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage\">Historical Dictionary of ',) {}>,\n",
       " <Result ('&amp;rft.btitle=Football+Equipment+and+History&amp;rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee+%28IOC%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Ffootball-equipment-and-history%3Ftab%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-121\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-121\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110430181217/http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html\">\"Event Guide&#160;– Football\"</a>. <i>sportinglife</i>. 365 media group. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0,23911,14986,00.html\">the original</a> on 30 April 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">5 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sportinglife&amp;rft.atitle=Event+Guide+%E2%80%93+Football&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folympics.sportinglife.com%2Folympics%2Fstory%2F0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-122\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-122\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080531094715/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2007/releases/newsid%3D570740.html\">\"Organising Committee strengthens FIFA Club World Cup format\"</a>. FIFA. 14 August 2007. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2007/releases/newsid=570740.html\">the original</a> on 31 May 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Organising+Committee+strengthens+FIFA+Club+World+Cup+format&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft.date=2007-08-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ftournaments%2Farchive%2Fclubworldcup%2Fjapan2007%2Freleases%2Fnewsid%3D570740.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-123\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-123\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\">McMahon, Bobby (21 December 2017). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/21/el-clasico-is-a-not-to-be-missed-game-but-dont-believe-the-viewing-figures-youre-told/\">\"El Clásico Is A Must-See Game, But Is Its Global Audience Overstated?\"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Forbes&amp;rft.atitle=El+Cl%C3%A1sico+Is+A+Must-See+Game%2C+But+Is+Its+Global+Audience+Overstated%3F&amp;rft.date=2017-12-21&amp;rft.aulast=McMahon&amp;rft.aufirst=Bobby&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fbobbymcmahon%2F2017%2F12%2F21%2Fel-clasico-is-a-not-to-be-missed-game-but-dont-believe-the-viewing-figures-youre-told%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-124\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-124\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation journal\">Fort, Rodney (September 2000). \"Scottish Journal of Political Economy\". <i>Scottish Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>47</b> (4): 431–55. <a href=\"/wiki/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9485.00172\">10.1111/1467-9485.00172</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scottish+Journal+of+Political+Economy&amp;rft.atitle=Scottish+Journal+of+Political+Economy&amp;rft.volume=47&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=431-55&amp;rft.date=2000-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9485.00172&amp;rft.aulast=Fort&amp;rft.aufirst=Rodney&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"/></span>\\n</li>\\n<li id=\"cite_note-125\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-125\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation news\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://msn.foxsports.com/fox',) {}>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# search() finds only the shortest matching string\n",
    "# To search for all matching strings use search_all()\n",
    "r.html.search_all(\"known{}soccer\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "19"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(r.html.search_all(\"known{}soccer\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Further details at:\n",
    "# -- https://pypi.org/project/parse/\n",
    "# -- https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#format-string-syntax"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# CSS selectors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# CSS selectors are a notation for selecting (filtering) different HTML elements (aka tags)\n",
    "# The name stems from the styling language CSS - \n",
    "# in order for a style to be applied, you first need a way to specify (or 'select') the element the style will be applyed on"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# You can find a complete CSS selectors reference at: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp\n",
    "# Let's showcase some CSS selectors below, with examples from the same wiki page"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Select elements based on tag name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'span' id='Etymology'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='Names'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctogglespan',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('tocnumber',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('toctext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Name'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='History'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='Women.27s_association_football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id=\"Women's_association_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='Early_women.27s_football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id=\"Early_women's_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='20th_and_21st_century'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Gameplay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Laws'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='Players.2C_equipment.2C_and_officials'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Players,_equipment,_and_officials'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='Match_officials'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Ball'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='90-minute_ordinary_time'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Tie-breaking'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Ball_in_and_out_of_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Misconduct'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='On-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Off-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Governing_bodies'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='International_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Domestic_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Professionalism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Hooliganism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Variants_and_casual_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='See_also'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('play-btn-large',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-tmh-playtext',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Notes'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='References'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('fn',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+a+globalised+world%2C+the+football+World+Cup+is+a+force+for+good&rft.pub=The+Conversation&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fin-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+Britain%2C+the+home+of+Football&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fthe-game%2FBritain-home-of-football.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Bangkok+Post+article&rft.au=Post+Publishing+PCL.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fprint%2F413747%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Football+%E2%80%93+The+Origins&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fclassicfootball%2Fhistory%2Fthe-game%2Forigins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+FIFA+World+Cup+TV+Coverage&rft.pub=FIFA&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fen%2Fmarketing%2Fnewmedia%2Findex%2F0%2C3509%2C10%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Champions+League+final+tops+Super+Bowl+for+TV+market&rft.date=2010-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Feurope%2F8490351.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Leading+clubs+losing+out+as+players+and+agents+cash+in&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2008%2Fmay%2F29%2Fpremierleague&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170101162441%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dfootball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+origin+of+the+word+%22soccer%22%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fexplore%2Fwhats-the-origin-of-the-word-soccer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=soccer+%7C+Origin+and+meaning+of+soccer+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fsoccer%23etymonline_v_23809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Soccer+to+become+football+in+Australia&rft.date=2004-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2FSoccer%2FSoccer-to-become-football-in-Australia%2F2004%2F12%2F16%2F1102787198357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
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       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confederations&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fconfederations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+FIFA+World+Cup+broadcast+wider%2C+longer+and+farther+than+ever+before&rft.pub=FIFA&rft.date=2007-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Faboutfifa%2Forganisation%2Fmarketing%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D111247%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Football+Equipment+and+History&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee+%28IOC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Ffootball-equipment-and-history%3Ftab%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sportinglife&rft.atitle=Event+Guide+%E2%80%93+Football&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folympics.sportinglife.com%2Folympics%2Fstory%2F0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organising+Committee+strengthens+FIFA+Club+World+Cup+format&rft.pub=FIFA&rft.date=2007-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ftournaments%2Farchive%2Fclubworldcup%2Fjapan2007%2Freleases%2Fnewsid%3D570740.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=El+Cl%C3%A1sico+Is+A+Must-See+Game%2C+But+Is+Its+Global+Audience+Overstated%3F&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fbobbymcmahon%2F2017%2F12%2F21%2Fel-clasico-is-a-not-to-be-missed-game-but-dont-believe-the-viewing-figures-youre-told%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Scottish+Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=431-55&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9485.00172&rft.aulast=Fort&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estudiantes+win+Argentina+Apertura+title&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsn.foxsports.com%2Ffoxsoccer%2Flatinamerica%2Fstory%2FEstudiantes-win-Argentina-Apertura-title&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Premier+League+conquering+Europe&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Feurope%2F7321408.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+is+football+hooliganism%3F&rft.date=2003-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fcbbcnews%2Fhi%2Ffind_out%2Fguides%2Fsport%2Finternational_football%2Fnewsid_3089000%2F3089728.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-cite-backlink',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-text',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('reference-accessdate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('Z3988',) title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Another+sorry+outbreak+of+the+English+disease&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomment.independent.co.uk%2Fleading_articles%2Farticle38673.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociation+football'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='External_links'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' id='sister-projects'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' style='display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('flagicon',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('flagicon',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('flagicon',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('flagicon',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('nowrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('uid',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' >,\n",
       " <Element 'span' >,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('wb-langlinks-edit', 'wb-langlinks-link')>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('anonymous-show',)>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select by tag name as usual\n",
    "\n",
    "# Select all 'span' tags\n",
    "r.html.find(\"span\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'div' class=('noprint',) id='mw-page-base'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('noprint',) id='mw-head-base'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-body',) id='content' role='main'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-body-content',) id='siteNotice'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-indicators', 'mw-body-content')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-indicator',) id='mw-indicator-featured-star'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-indicator',) id='mw-indicator-pp-default'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-indicator',) id='mw-indicator-spoken-icon'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-body-content',) id='bodyContent'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('noprint',) id='siteSub'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='contentSub'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='jump-to-nav'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-content-ltr',) dir='ltr' id='mw-content-text' lang='en'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-parser-output',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('shortdescription', 'nomobile', 'noexcerpt', 'noprint', 'searchaux') style='display:none'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hlist', 'hlist-separated')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('toc',) id='toc'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('toctitle',) dir='ltr' lang='en'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tmulti', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:204px;max-width:204px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('trow',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('tsingle',) style='width:202px;max-width:202px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbimage',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('trow',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('tsingle',) style='width:202px;max-width:202px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbimage',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tmulti', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:208px;max-width:208px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('trow',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('tsingle',) style='width:102px;max-width:102px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbimage',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('tsingle',) style='width:102px;max-width:102px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbimage',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('trow',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',) style='background-color:transparent'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbinner',) style='width:222px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('PopUpMediaTransform',) id='mwe_player_0' style='width:220px;' videopayload='<div class=\"mediaContainer\" style=\"width:854px\"><video id=\"mwe_player_1\" poster=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/854px--O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.jpg\" controls=\"\" preload=\"none\" autoplay=\"\" style=\"width:854px;height:480px\" class=\"kskin\" data-durationhint=\"108.014\" data-startoffset=\"0\" data-mwtitle=\"O_Jogo_Bonito_(The_Beautiful_Game).webm\" data-mwprovider=\"wikimediacommons\"><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.480p.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"SD WebM (480P)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM 480P\" data-transcodekey=\"480p.webm\" data-width=\"854\" data-height=\"480\" data-bandwidth=\"1085728\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"SD VP9 (480P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 480P\" data-transcodekey=\"480p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"854\" data-height=\"480\" data-bandwidth=\"1306208\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"HD VP9 (720P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 720P\" data-transcodekey=\"720p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"1280\" data-height=\"720\" data-bandwidth=\"2535816\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.720p.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"HD WebM (720P)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM 720P\" data-transcodekey=\"720p.webm\" data-width=\"1280\" data-height=\"720\" data-bandwidth=\"3225200\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"Original WebM file, 1,280 × 720 (3.6 Mbps)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM source\" data-width=\"1280\" data-height=\"720\" data-bandwidth=\"3601359\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.120p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 120P\" data-transcodekey=\"120p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"214\" data-height=\"120\" data-bandwidth=\"209664\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.160p.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"Low bandwidth WebM (160P)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM 160P\" data-transcodekey=\"160p.webm\" data-width=\"284\" data-height=\"160\" data-bandwidth=\"224440\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.180p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 180P\" data-transcodekey=\"180p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"320\" data-height=\"180\" data-bandwidth=\"287160\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.240p.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"Small WebM (240P)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM 240P\" data-transcodekey=\"240p.webm\" data-width=\"426\" data-height=\"240\" data-bandwidth=\"323504\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"Small VP9 (240P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 240P\" data-transcodekey=\"240p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"426\" data-height=\"240\" data-bandwidth=\"391224\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.360p.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp8, vorbis\"\" data-title=\"WebM (360P)\" data-shorttitle=\"WebM 360P\" data-transcodekey=\"360p.webm\" data-width=\"640\" data-height=\"360\" data-bandwidth=\"566416\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/><source src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video/webm; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"\" data-title=\"VP9 (360P)\" data-shorttitle=\"VP9 360P\" data-transcodekey=\"360p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"640\" data-height=\"360\" data-bandwidth=\"654912\" data-framerate=\"29.97\"/></video></div>'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumbcaption',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('magnify',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('reflist',) style='list-style-type: lower-alpha;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-references-wrap',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('infobox', 'sisterproject', 'noprint') id='section_SpokenWikipedia'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='text-align: center; font-weight: bold;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='text-align: center; font-size: 90%; margin-bottom: .4em; font-style: italic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='float: left; margin-left: 5px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('floatnone',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='text-align: center; clear: both'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('reflist',) style='list-style-type: decimal;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-references-wrap', 'mw-references-columns')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='sister-projects' class=('metadata', 'plainlinks', 'sistersitebox', 'plainlist', 'mbox-small') role='navigation' style='border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; background:#f9f9f9;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: center;'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Association_football' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Association_football' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Links_to_related_articles' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Links_to_related_articles' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='International_association_football' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='International_association_football' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='*_FIFA&#10;*_Federations&#10;*_Teams&#10;*_Competitions&#10;*_World_Cup&#10;**_U-20&#10;**_U-17&#10;*_Olympics&#10;*_Youth_Olympics&#10;*_Universiade&#10;*_World_Rankings&#10;*_The_Best_FIFA_Football_Awards&#10;*_Timeline_of_association_football&#10;*_Comparison_of_association_football_and_futsal'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Laws_of_the_Game_(rules_of_association_football)' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Laws_of_the_Game_(rules_of_association_football)' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Association_football_terminology' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Association_football_terminology' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Association_football_chronology' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Association_football_chronology' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Fanaticism_in_association_football' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Fanaticism_in_association_football' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Team_sports' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Team_sports' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='*_Sport&#10;*_Governing_bodies&#10;*_Sportspeople&#10;*_National_sport'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Summer_Olympic_sports' class=('navbox',) role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('plainlinks', 'hlist', 'navbar', 'mini')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='Summer_Olympic_sports' style='font-size:114%;margin:0 4em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' >,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata' class=('navbox', 'authority-control') role='navigation' style='padding:3px'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='padding:0em 0.25em'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('printfooter',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('catlinks',) data-mw='interface' id='catlinks'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-normal-catlinks',) id='mw-normal-catlinks'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('mw-hidden-catlinks', 'mw-hidden-cats-hidden') id='mw-hidden-catlinks'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('visualClear',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='mw-data-after-content'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('read-more-container',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='mw-navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='mw-head'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-personal-label' id='p-personal' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='left-navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-namespaces-label' class=('vectorTabs',) id='p-namespaces' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-variants-label' class=('vectorMenu', 'emptyPortlet') id='p-variants' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='right-navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-views-label' class=('vectorTabs',) id='p-views' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-cactions-label' class=('vectorMenu', 'emptyPortlet') id='p-cactions' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='p-search' role='search'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='simpleSearch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='mw-panel'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='p-logo' role='banner'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-navigation-label' class=('portal',) id='p-navigation' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-interaction-label' class=('portal',) id='p-interaction' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-tb-label' class=('portal',) id='p-tb' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-wikibase-otherprojects-label' class=('portal',) id='p-wikibase-otherprojects' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-coll-print_export-label' class=('portal',) id='p-coll-print_export' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='p-lang-label' class=('portal',) id='p-lang' role='navigation'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('body',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('after-portlet', 'after-portlet-lang')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' id='footer' role='contentinfo'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' style='clear: both;'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Another example: select all 'div' tags\n",
    "r.html.find(\"div\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# That was the same as in Beautiful Soup\n",
    "# However, CSS selectors now diverge a bit in style"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Select elements based upon ID   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Remember that the 'id' attribute is unique - no two elements may have the same 'id'\n",
    "# Thus, filtering by 'id' will return either one or no results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# To search by id use '#' (hashtag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Name'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select the tag with id = Name\n",
    "r.html.find(\"#Name\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Note that the value is case-sensitive\n",
    "r.html.find(\"#name\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Another example\n",
    "# Since we know that it will return at most one element, we may get rid of the list by setting 'first' to 'True'\n",
    "r.html.find(\"#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods\", first=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Selecting by class"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can filter by class name with '.' (a dot)\n",
    "# .class_name_here"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Name'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='History'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id=\"Women's_association_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id=\"Early_women's_football\">,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='20th_and_21st_century'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Gameplay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Laws'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Players,_equipment,_and_officials'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Ball'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Pitch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='90-minute_ordinary_time'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Tie-breaking'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Ball_in_and_out_of_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Misconduct'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='On-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Off-field'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Governing_bodies'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='International_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Domestic_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Professionalism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Hooliganism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Variants_and_casual_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='See_also'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Notes'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='References'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='External_links'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all tags with class='mw-headline'\n",
    "r.html.find(\".mw-headline\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'table' class=('metadata', 'mbox-small') role='presentation' style='background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' aria-labelledby='sister-projects' class=('metadata', 'plainlinks', 'sistersitebox', 'plainlist', 'mbox-small') role='navigation' style='border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; background:#f9f9f9;'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all tags with class = 'metadata'\n",
    "r.html.find(\".metadata\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can stack different CSS selectors one after the other"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'div' aria-labelledby='sister-projects' class=('metadata', 'plainlinks', 'sistersitebox', 'plainlist', 'mbox-small') role='navigation' style='border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; background:#f9f9f9;'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# For instance, we can search for elements with two class values\n",
    "r.html.find(\".metadata.plainlinks\")  # Note there is no space between the two"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Selecting based on other attributes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# If we want to search for tags with attributes beside 'class' and 'id' we should use this notation:\n",
    "\n",
    "# [attribute] -- selects all tags that have defined the attribute\n",
    "# [attribute=value] -- selects all tags with that particular value of the attribute\n",
    "# [attribute*=value] -- attribute contains the SUBSTRING 'value'\n",
    "# [attribute~=value] -- attribute contains the WORD 'value'\n",
    "# [attribute|=value] -- attribute starts with 'value', followed with a dash '-', or is 'value' itself\n",
    "# [attribute^=value] -- attribute begins with 'value'\n",
    "# [attribute$=value] -- attribute ends with 'value'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'a' href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm' target='new' title='Play media'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all tags that have 'target' attribute\n",
    "r.html.find(\"[target]\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# For instance, select all tags with the 'role' attribute set to 'note'\n",
    "r.html.find(\"[role=note]\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'link' href='android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football' rel=('alternate',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'link' href='/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png' rel=('apple-touch-icon',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'link' href='/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico' rel=('shortcut', 'icon')>,\n",
       " <Element 'link' href='//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd' rel=('EditURI',) type='application/rsd+xml'>,\n",
       " <Element 'link' href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football' rel=('canonical',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm' target='new' title='Play media'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_One.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part One.ogg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_Two.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part Two.ogg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:International_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_laws&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_terminology&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_chronology&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Fanatism_in_Association_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Team_sports&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Summer_Olympic_sports&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' dir='ltr' href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en' title='Support us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us' title='How to contact Wikipedia'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bhan' hreflang='ace' lang='ace' title='Sipak bhan – Achinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B5%D1%83' hreflang='ady' lang='ady' title='Лъэпэеу – Adyghe'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokker' hreflang='af' lang='af' title='Sokker – Afrikaans'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fussball' hreflang='gsw' lang='gsw' title='Fussball – Alemannisch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%B3%E1%88%B5' hreflang='am' lang='am' title='እግር ኳስ – Amharic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyldf%C5%8Dt%C3%BE%C5%8D%C3%B0er' hreflang='ang' lang='ang' title='Gyldfōtþōðer – Old English'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB' hreflang='ab' lang='ab' title='Ашьапылампыл – Abkhazian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85' hreflang='ar' lang='ar' title='كرة القدم – Arabic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='an' lang='an' title='Fútbol – Aragonese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%A7o' hreflang='frp' lang='frp' title='Calço – Arpitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2' hreflang='as' lang='as' title='ফুটবল – Assamese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='ast' lang='ast' title='Fútbol – Asturian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapipopo_(Jetepyso)' hreflang='gn' lang='gn' title='Vakapipopo (Jetepyso) – Guarani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phutwul' hreflang='ay' lang='ay' title='Phutwul – Aymara'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='az' lang='az' title='Futbol – Azerbaijani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='azb' lang='azb' title='فوتبال – South Azerbaijani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2' hreflang='bn' lang='bn' title='ফুটবল – Bangla'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_bal' hreflang='bjn' lang='bjn' title='Main bal – Banjar'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha-ki%C3%BB' hreflang='nan' lang='nan' title='Kha-kiû – Chinese (Min Nan)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan' hreflang='jv-x-bms' lang='jv-x-bms' title='Bal-balan – Basa Banyumasan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ba' lang='ba' title='Футбол – Bashkir'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='be' lang='be' title='Футбол – Belarusian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='be-tarask' lang='be-tarask' title='Футбол – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='bh' lang='bh' title='फुटबाल – Bhojpuri'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='bg' lang='bg' title='Футбол – Bulgarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fua%C3%9Fboi' hreflang='bar' lang='bar' title='Fuaßboi – Bavarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D' hreflang='bo' lang='bo' title='རྐང་རྩེད་སྤོ་ལོ། – Tibetan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='bs' lang='bs' title='Nogomet – Bosnian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mell-droad' hreflang='br' lang='br' title='Mell-droad – Breton'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='bxr' lang='bxr' title='Футбол – Russia Buriat'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='ca' lang='ca' title='Futbol – Catalan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='cv' lang='cv' title='Футбол – Chuvash'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saker' hreflang='ceb' lang='ceb' title='Saker – Cebuano'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal' hreflang='cs' lang='cs' title='Fotbal – Czech'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira' hreflang='ny' lang='ny' title='Mpira – Nyanja'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhabvu' hreflang='sn' lang='sn' title='Nhabvu – Shona'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall%C3%B2' hreflang='co' lang='co' title='Pallò – Corsican'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl-droed' hreflang='cy' lang='cy' title='Pêl-droed – Welsh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodbold' hreflang='da' lang='da' title='Fodbold – Danish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1bba%C4%8Diek%C4%8Dan' hreflang='se' lang='se' title='Spábbačiekčan – Northern Sami'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer' hreflang='pdc' lang='pdc' title='Soccer – Pennsylvania German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fball' hreflang='de' lang='de' title='Fußball – German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca' hreflang='dsb' lang='dsb' title='Kopańca – Lower Sorbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='dty' lang='dty' title='फुटबल खेल – Doteli'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall' hreflang='et' lang='et' title='Jalgpall – Estonian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF' hreflang='el' lang='el' title='Ποδόσφαιρο – Greek'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0' hreflang='myv' lang='myv' title='Пильгеоска – Erzya'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='es' lang='es' title='Fútbol – Spanish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo' hreflang='eo' lang='eo' title='Futbalo – Esperanto'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubu' hreflang='ext' lang='ext' title='Fubu – Extremaduran'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='eu' lang='eu' title='Futbol – Basque'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='fa' lang='fa' title='فوتبال – Persian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3tb%C3%B3ltur' hreflang='fo' lang='fo' title='Fótbóltur – Faroese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='fr' lang='fr' title='Football – French'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuotbal' hreflang='fy' lang='fy' title='Fuotbal – Western Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balon' hreflang='fur' lang='fur' title='Balon – Friulian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacar' hreflang='ga' lang='ga' title='Sacar – Irish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer' hreflang='gv' lang='gv' title='Soccer – Manx'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-coise' hreflang='gd' lang='gd' title='Ball-coise – Scottish Gaelic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='gl' lang='gl' title='Fútbol – Galician'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='gan' lang='gan' title='腳球 – Gan Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2' hreflang='gu' lang='gu' title='અસોસિએશન ફુટબોલ – Gujarati'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0' hreflang='got' lang='got' title='𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 – Gothic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='gom' lang='gom' title='Futbol – Goan Konkani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiuk-khi%C3%B9' hreflang='hak' lang='hak' title='Chiuk-khiù – Hakka Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%95%EA%B5%AC' hreflang='ko' lang='ko' title='축구 – Korean'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC' hreflang='hy' lang='hy' title='Ֆուտբոլ – Armenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC' hreflang='hyw' lang='hyw' title='Ֆութպոլ – Western Armenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='hi' lang='hi' title='फुटबॉल – Hindi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca' hreflang='hsb' lang='hsb' title='Kopańca – Upper Sorbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='hr' lang='hr' title='Nogomet – Croatian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo' hreflang='io' lang='io' title='Futbalo – Ido'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footb%E1%BB%8Dl' hreflang='ig' lang='ig' title='Footbọl – Igbo'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putbol' hreflang='ilo' lang='ilo' title='Putbol – Iloko'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_bola' hreflang='id' lang='id' title='Sepak bola – Indonesian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='ia' lang='ia' title='Football – Interlingua'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='ie' lang='ie' title='Football – Interlingue'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%94%AA%E1%92%83%E1%91%95%E1%96%85' hreflang='iu' lang='iu' title='ᐊᔪᒃᑕᖅ – Inuktitut'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='os' lang='os' title='Футбол – Ossetic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola_ekhatywayo' hreflang='xh' lang='xh' title='Ibhola ekhatywayo – Xhosa'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola' hreflang='zu' lang='zu' title='Ibhola – Zulu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knattspyrna' hreflang='is' lang='is' title='Knattspyrna – Icelandic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio_(sport)' hreflang='it' lang='it' title='Calcio (sport) – Italian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C' hreflang='he' lang='he' title='כדורגל – Hebrew'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan' hreflang='jv' lang='jv' title='Bal-balan – Javanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94%C9%94l%C9%A9_ma%C9%96%CA%8B' hreflang='kbp' lang='kbp' title='Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ – Kabiye'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D' hreflang='kn' lang='kn' title='ಅಸ್ಸೋಸಿಯೆಷನ್ ಫುಟ್\\u200cಬಾಲ್ – Kannada'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98' hreflang='ka' lang='ka' title='ფეხბურთი – Georgian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala' hreflang='csb' lang='csb' title='Bala – Kashubian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='kk' lang='kk' title='Футбол – Kazakh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umupira_w%E2%80%99amaguru' hreflang='rw' lang='rw' title='Umupira w’amaguru – Kinyarwanda'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira_wa_miguu' hreflang='sw' lang='sw' title='Mpira wa miguu – Swahili'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80' hreflang='kv' lang='kv' title='Коксяр – Komi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutb%C3%B2l' hreflang='ht' lang='ht' title='Foutbòl – Haitian Creole'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='ku' lang='ku' title='Futbol – Kurdish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ky' lang='ky' title='Футбол – Kyrgyz'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='lbe' lang='lbe' title='Футбол – Lak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99' hreflang='lo' lang='lo' title='ເຕະບານ – Lao'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediludium' hreflang='la' lang='la' title='Pediludium – Latin'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbols' hreflang='lv' lang='lv' title='Futbols – Latvian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foussball' hreflang='lb' lang='lb' title='Foussball – Luxembourgish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='lez' lang='lez' title='Футбол – Lezghian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolas' hreflang='lt' lang='lt' title='Futbolas – Lithuanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugo_do_ballon' hreflang='lij' lang='lij' title='Zeugo do ballon – Ligurian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='li' lang='li' title='Voetbal – Limburgish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%B3pi' hreflang='ln' lang='ln' title='Motópi – Lingala'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgumi%C3%A4%C4%8D%C4%8Dy' hreflang='olo' lang='olo' title='Jalgumiäččy – Livvi-Karelian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balun' hreflang='lmo' lang='lmo' title='Balun – Lombard'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labdar%C3%BAg%C3%A1s' hreflang='hu' lang='hu' title='Labdarúgás – Hungarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='mai' lang='mai' title='फुटबल – Maithili'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='mk' lang='mk' title='Фудбал – Macedonian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baolina_kitra' hreflang='mg' lang='mg' title='Baolina kitra – Malagasy'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE' hreflang='ml' lang='ml' title='ഫുട്ബോൾ – Malayalam'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='mt' lang='mt' title='Futbol – Maltese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='mr' lang='mr' title='फुटबॉल – Marathi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98' hreflang='xmf' lang='xmf' title='კუჩხბურთი – Mingrelian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85' hreflang='arz' lang='arz' title='كورة قدم – Egyptian Arabic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='mzn' lang='mzn' title='فوتوال – Mazanderani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak' hreflang='ms' lang='ms' title='Bola sepak – Malay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bola' hreflang='min' lang='min' title='Sipak bola – Minangkabau'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83-gi%C3%B9' hreflang='cdo' lang='cdo' title='Kă-giù – Min Dong Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_(%C3%A7porto)' hreflang='mwl' lang='mwl' title='Bola (çporto) – Mirandese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3' hreflang='mn' lang='mn' title='Хөлбөмбөг – Mongolian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8' hreflang='my' lang='my' title='ဘောလုံးကစားခြင်း – Burmese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neicxitapayolhuiliztli' hreflang='nah' lang='nah' title='Neicxitapayolhuiliztli – Nāhuatl'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='fj' lang='fj' title='Soka – Fijian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='nl' lang='nl' title='Voetbal – Dutch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='nds-NL' lang='nds-NL' title='Voetbal – Low Saxon'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='ne' lang='ne' title='फुटबल खेल – Nepali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC' hreflang='ja' lang='ja' title='サッカー – Japanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone' hreflang='nap' lang='nap' title='Pallone – Neapolitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ce' lang='ce' title='Футбол – Chechen'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbaal' hreflang='frr' lang='frr' title='Futbaal – Northern Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball' hreflang='nb' lang='nb' title='Fotball – Norwegian Bokmål'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball' hreflang='nn' lang='nn' title='Fotball – Norwegian Nynorsk'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balonpede' hreflang='nov' lang='nov' title='Balonpede – Novial'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotb%C3%B2l' hreflang='oc' lang='oc' title='Fotbòl – Occitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='mhr' lang='mhr' title='Футбол – Eastern Mari'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='uz' lang='uz' title='Futbol – Uzbek'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2' hreflang='pa' lang='pa' title='ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ – Punjabi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='pnb' lang='pnb' title='فٹ بال – Western Punjabi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='ps' lang='ps' title='فوټبال – Pashto'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B' hreflang='km' lang='km' title='បាល់ទាត់ – Khmer'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale' hreflang='pcd' lang='pcd' title='Fotbale – Picard'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='tpi' lang='tpi' title='Soka – Tok Pisin'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='nds' lang='nds' title='Football – Low German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%82ka_no%C5%BCna' hreflang='pl' lang='pl' title='Piłka nożna – Polish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futebol' hreflang='pt' lang='pt' title='Futebol – Portuguese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='kaa' lang='kaa' title='Futbol – Kara-Kalpak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo%C3%9Fball' hreflang='ksh' lang='ksh' title='Foßball – Colognian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal' hreflang='ro' lang='ro' title='Fotbal – Romanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballape' hreflang='rm' lang='rm' title='Ballape – Romansh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinku_hayt%27ay' hreflang='qu' lang='qu' title=\"Sinku hayt'ay – Quechua\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='rue' lang='rue' title='Фотбал – Rusyn'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ru' lang='ru' title='Футбол – Russian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='sah' lang='sah' title='Футбол – Sakha'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A9_(%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E)' hreflang='sat' lang='sat' title='ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ (ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ) – Santali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='sm' lang='sm' title='Soka – Samoan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9balu' hreflang='sc' lang='sc' title='Fùbalu – Sardinian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitbaw' hreflang='sco' lang='sco' title='Fitbaw – Scots'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutbal' hreflang='stq' lang='stq' title='Foutbal – Saterland Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kgwele_ya_maoto' hreflang='nso' lang='nso' title='Kgwele ya maoto – Northern Sotho'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolli' hreflang='sq' lang='sq' title='Futbolli – Albanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palluni_(sport)' hreflang='scn' lang='scn' title='Palluni (sport) – Sicilian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football' hreflang='en-simple' lang='en-simple' title='Association football – Simple English'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbal' hreflang='sk' lang='sk' title='Futbal – Slovak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='sl' lang='sl' title='Nogomet – Slovenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A' hreflang='cu' lang='cu' title='Фоутболъ – Church Slavic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusbal' hreflang='szl' lang='szl' title='Fusbal – Silesian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubadda_Cagta' hreflang='so' lang='so' title='Kubadda Cagta – Somali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E' hreflang='ckb' lang='ckb' title='تۆپی پێ – Central Kurdish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='sr' lang='sr' title='Фудбал – Serbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudbal' hreflang='sh' lang='sh' title='Fudbal – Serbo-Croatian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A9n_bal' hreflang='su' lang='su' title='Maén bal – Sundanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkapallo' hreflang='fi' lang='fi' title='Jalkapallo – Finnish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotboll' hreflang='sv' lang='sv' title='Fotboll – Swedish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tl' lang='tl' title='Futbol – Tagalog'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81' hreflang='ta' lang='ta' title='கால்பந்து கூட்டமைப்பு – Tamil'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ddabex_u%E1%B8%8Dar' hreflang='kab' lang='kab' title='Ddabex uḍar – Kabyle'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='tt' lang='tt' title='Футбол – Tatar'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF' hreflang='te' lang='te' title='కాల్బంతి – Telugu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5' hreflang='th' lang='th' title='ฟุตบอล – Thai'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='tg' lang='tg' title='Футбол – Tajik'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D' hreflang='tcy' lang='tcy' title='ಸಾಕರ್ – Tulu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tr' lang='tr' title='Futbol – Turkish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tk' lang='tk' title='Futbol – Turkmen'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiirc%C3%B6k' hreflang='din' lang='din' title='Adiircök – Dinka'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='uk' lang='uk' title='Футбол – Ukrainian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='ur' lang='ur' title='ایسوسی ایشن فٹ بال – Urdu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukgiuz' hreflang='za' lang='za' title='Cukgiuz – Zhuang'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%82on_(spor)' hreflang='vec' lang='vec' title='Bałon (spor) – Venetian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1' hreflang='vi' lang='vi' title='Bóng đá – Vietnamese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall' hreflang='vro' lang='vro' title='Jalgpall – Võro'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale' hreflang='wa' lang='wa' title='Fotbale – Walloon'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='lzh' lang='lzh' title='足球 – Classical Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbol' hreflang='vls' lang='vls' title='Voetbol – West Flemish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='war' lang='war' title='Futbol – Waray'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='wo' lang='wo' title='Football – Wolof'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='wuu' lang='wuu' title='足球 – Wu Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C' hreflang='yi' lang='yi' title='פוטבאל – Yiddish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%8D%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%80l%C3%B9-%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%E1%BA%B9%CC%80' hreflang='yo' lang='yo' title='Bọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ – Yoruba'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='yue' lang='yue' title='足球 – Cantonese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='diq' lang='diq' title='Futbol – Zazaki'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbuols' hreflang='sgs' lang='sgs' title='Fotbuols – Samogitian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='zh' lang='zh' title='足球 – Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='gcr' lang='gcr' title='Football – Guianan Creole'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('wbc-editpage',) href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2736#sitelinks-wikipedia' title='Edit interlanguage links'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License' rel=('license',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('noprint', 'stopMobileRedirectToggle') href='//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all tags that contain the string 'wikipedia' in theur 'href' attribute\n",
    "r.html.find(\"[href*=wikipedia]\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Note that this technique works for 'class' and 'id', as well"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Combining different filters together into a compound selector"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can stack all the different selectors we looked at up until now for a more precise filtering"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'a' href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/O_Jogo_Bonito_%28The_Beautiful_Game%29.webm' target='new' title='Play media'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_One.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part One.ogg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_Two.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part Two.ogg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:International_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_laws&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_terminology&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_football_chronology&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Fanatism_in_Association_football&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Team_sports&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('external', 'text') href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Summer_Olympic_sports&action=edit'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' dir='ltr' href='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&oldid=934524737'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en' title='Support us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us' title='How to contact Wikipedia'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bhan' hreflang='ace' lang='ace' title='Sipak bhan – Achinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B5%D1%83' hreflang='ady' lang='ady' title='Лъэпэеу – Adyghe'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokker' hreflang='af' lang='af' title='Sokker – Afrikaans'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fussball' hreflang='gsw' lang='gsw' title='Fussball – Alemannisch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%B3%E1%88%B5' hreflang='am' lang='am' title='እግር ኳስ – Amharic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyldf%C5%8Dt%C3%BE%C5%8D%C3%B0er' hreflang='ang' lang='ang' title='Gyldfōtþōðer – Old English'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB' hreflang='ab' lang='ab' title='Ашьапылампыл – Abkhazian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85' hreflang='ar' lang='ar' title='كرة القدم – Arabic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='an' lang='an' title='Fútbol – Aragonese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%A7o' hreflang='frp' lang='frp' title='Calço – Arpitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2' hreflang='as' lang='as' title='ফুটবল – Assamese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='ast' lang='ast' title='Fútbol – Asturian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapipopo_(Jetepyso)' hreflang='gn' lang='gn' title='Vakapipopo (Jetepyso) – Guarani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phutwul' hreflang='ay' lang='ay' title='Phutwul – Aymara'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='az' lang='az' title='Futbol – Azerbaijani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='azb' lang='azb' title='فوتبال – South Azerbaijani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2' hreflang='bn' lang='bn' title='ফুটবল – Bangla'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_bal' hreflang='bjn' lang='bjn' title='Main bal – Banjar'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha-ki%C3%BB' hreflang='nan' lang='nan' title='Kha-kiû – Chinese (Min Nan)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan' hreflang='jv-x-bms' lang='jv-x-bms' title='Bal-balan – Basa Banyumasan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ba' lang='ba' title='Футбол – Bashkir'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='be' lang='be' title='Футбол – Belarusian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='be-tarask' lang='be-tarask' title='Футбол – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='bh' lang='bh' title='फुटबाल – Bhojpuri'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='bg' lang='bg' title='Футбол – Bulgarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fua%C3%9Fboi' hreflang='bar' lang='bar' title='Fuaßboi – Bavarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D' hreflang='bo' lang='bo' title='རྐང་རྩེད་སྤོ་ལོ། – Tibetan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='bs' lang='bs' title='Nogomet – Bosnian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mell-droad' hreflang='br' lang='br' title='Mell-droad – Breton'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='bxr' lang='bxr' title='Футбол – Russia Buriat'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='ca' lang='ca' title='Futbol – Catalan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='cv' lang='cv' title='Футбол – Chuvash'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saker' hreflang='ceb' lang='ceb' title='Saker – Cebuano'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal' hreflang='cs' lang='cs' title='Fotbal – Czech'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira' hreflang='ny' lang='ny' title='Mpira – Nyanja'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhabvu' hreflang='sn' lang='sn' title='Nhabvu – Shona'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall%C3%B2' hreflang='co' lang='co' title='Pallò – Corsican'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl-droed' hreflang='cy' lang='cy' title='Pêl-droed – Welsh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodbold' hreflang='da' lang='da' title='Fodbold – Danish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1bba%C4%8Diek%C4%8Dan' hreflang='se' lang='se' title='Spábbačiekčan – Northern Sami'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer' hreflang='pdc' lang='pdc' title='Soccer – Pennsylvania German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fball' hreflang='de' lang='de' title='Fußball – German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca' hreflang='dsb' lang='dsb' title='Kopańca – Lower Sorbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='dty' lang='dty' title='फुटबल खेल – Doteli'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall' hreflang='et' lang='et' title='Jalgpall – Estonian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF' hreflang='el' lang='el' title='Ποδόσφαιρο – Greek'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0' hreflang='myv' lang='myv' title='Пильгеоска – Erzya'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='es' lang='es' title='Fútbol – Spanish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo' hreflang='eo' lang='eo' title='Futbalo – Esperanto'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubu' hreflang='ext' lang='ext' title='Fubu – Extremaduran'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='eu' lang='eu' title='Futbol – Basque'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='fa' lang='fa' title='فوتبال – Persian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3tb%C3%B3ltur' hreflang='fo' lang='fo' title='Fótbóltur – Faroese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='fr' lang='fr' title='Football – French'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuotbal' hreflang='fy' lang='fy' title='Fuotbal – Western Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balon' hreflang='fur' lang='fur' title='Balon – Friulian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacar' hreflang='ga' lang='ga' title='Sacar – Irish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer' hreflang='gv' lang='gv' title='Soccer – Manx'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-coise' hreflang='gd' lang='gd' title='Ball-coise – Scottish Gaelic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol' hreflang='gl' lang='gl' title='Fútbol – Galician'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='gan' lang='gan' title='腳球 – Gan Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2' hreflang='gu' lang='gu' title='અસોસિએશન ફુટબોલ – Gujarati'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0' hreflang='got' lang='got' title='𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 – Gothic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='gom' lang='gom' title='Futbol – Goan Konkani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiuk-khi%C3%B9' hreflang='hak' lang='hak' title='Chiuk-khiù – Hakka Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%95%EA%B5%AC' hreflang='ko' lang='ko' title='축구 – Korean'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC' hreflang='hy' lang='hy' title='Ֆուտբոլ – Armenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC' hreflang='hyw' lang='hyw' title='Ֆութպոլ – Western Armenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='hi' lang='hi' title='फुटबॉल – Hindi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa%C5%84ca' hreflang='hsb' lang='hsb' title='Kopańca – Upper Sorbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='hr' lang='hr' title='Nogomet – Croatian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbalo' hreflang='io' lang='io' title='Futbalo – Ido'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footb%E1%BB%8Dl' hreflang='ig' lang='ig' title='Footbọl – Igbo'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putbol' hreflang='ilo' lang='ilo' title='Putbol – Iloko'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_bola' hreflang='id' lang='id' title='Sepak bola – Indonesian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='ia' lang='ia' title='Football – Interlingua'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='ie' lang='ie' title='Football – Interlingue'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%94%AA%E1%92%83%E1%91%95%E1%96%85' hreflang='iu' lang='iu' title='ᐊᔪᒃᑕᖅ – Inuktitut'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='os' lang='os' title='Футбол – Ossetic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola_ekhatywayo' hreflang='xh' lang='xh' title='Ibhola ekhatywayo – Xhosa'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhola' hreflang='zu' lang='zu' title='Ibhola – Zulu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knattspyrna' hreflang='is' lang='is' title='Knattspyrna – Icelandic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio_(sport)' hreflang='it' lang='it' title='Calcio (sport) – Italian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C' hreflang='he' lang='he' title='כדורגל – Hebrew'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-balan' hreflang='jv' lang='jv' title='Bal-balan – Javanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94%C9%94l%C9%A9_ma%C9%96%CA%8B' hreflang='kbp' lang='kbp' title='Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ – Kabiye'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D' hreflang='kn' lang='kn' title='ಅಸ್ಸೋಸಿಯೆಷನ್ ಫುಟ್\\u200cಬಾಲ್ – Kannada'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98' hreflang='ka' lang='ka' title='ფეხბურთი – Georgian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala' hreflang='csb' lang='csb' title='Bala – Kashubian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='kk' lang='kk' title='Футбол – Kazakh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umupira_w%E2%80%99amaguru' hreflang='rw' lang='rw' title='Umupira w’amaguru – Kinyarwanda'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpira_wa_miguu' hreflang='sw' lang='sw' title='Mpira wa miguu – Swahili'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80' hreflang='kv' lang='kv' title='Коксяр – Komi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutb%C3%B2l' hreflang='ht' lang='ht' title='Foutbòl – Haitian Creole'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='ku' lang='ku' title='Futbol – Kurdish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ky' lang='ky' title='Футбол – Kyrgyz'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='lbe' lang='lbe' title='Футбол – Lak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99' hreflang='lo' lang='lo' title='ເຕະບານ – Lao'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediludium' hreflang='la' lang='la' title='Pediludium – Latin'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbols' hreflang='lv' lang='lv' title='Futbols – Latvian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foussball' hreflang='lb' lang='lb' title='Foussball – Luxembourgish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='lez' lang='lez' title='Футбол – Lezghian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolas' hreflang='lt' lang='lt' title='Futbolas – Lithuanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugo_do_ballon' hreflang='lij' lang='lij' title='Zeugo do ballon – Ligurian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='li' lang='li' title='Voetbal – Limburgish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%B3pi' hreflang='ln' lang='ln' title='Motópi – Lingala'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgumi%C3%A4%C4%8D%C4%8Dy' hreflang='olo' lang='olo' title='Jalgumiäččy – Livvi-Karelian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balun' hreflang='lmo' lang='lmo' title='Balun – Lombard'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labdar%C3%BAg%C3%A1s' hreflang='hu' lang='hu' title='Labdarúgás – Hungarian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='mai' lang='mai' title='फुटबल – Maithili'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='mk' lang='mk' title='Фудбал – Macedonian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baolina_kitra' hreflang='mg' lang='mg' title='Baolina kitra – Malagasy'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE' hreflang='ml' lang='ml' title='ഫുട്ബോൾ – Malayalam'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='mt' lang='mt' title='Futbol – Maltese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='mr' lang='mr' title='फुटबॉल – Marathi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98' hreflang='xmf' lang='xmf' title='კუჩხბურთი – Mingrelian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85' hreflang='arz' lang='arz' title='كورة قدم – Egyptian Arabic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='mzn' lang='mzn' title='فوتوال – Mazanderani'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak' hreflang='ms' lang='ms' title='Bola sepak – Malay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipak_bola' hreflang='min' lang='min' title='Sipak bola – Minangkabau'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83-gi%C3%B9' hreflang='cdo' lang='cdo' title='Kă-giù – Min Dong Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_(%C3%A7porto)' hreflang='mwl' lang='mwl' title='Bola (çporto) – Mirandese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3' hreflang='mn' lang='mn' title='Хөлбөмбөг – Mongolian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8' hreflang='my' lang='my' title='ဘောလုံးကစားခြင်း – Burmese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neicxitapayolhuiliztli' hreflang='nah' lang='nah' title='Neicxitapayolhuiliztli – Nāhuatl'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='fj' lang='fj' title='Soka – Fijian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='nl' lang='nl' title='Voetbal – Dutch'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbal' hreflang='nds-NL' lang='nds-NL' title='Voetbal – Low Saxon'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2' hreflang='ne' lang='ne' title='फुटबल खेल – Nepali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC' hreflang='ja' lang='ja' title='サッカー – Japanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone' hreflang='nap' lang='nap' title='Pallone – Neapolitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ce' lang='ce' title='Футбол – Chechen'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbaal' hreflang='frr' lang='frr' title='Futbaal – Northern Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball' hreflang='nb' lang='nb' title='Fotball – Norwegian Bokmål'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotball' hreflang='nn' lang='nn' title='Fotball – Norwegian Nynorsk'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balonpede' hreflang='nov' lang='nov' title='Balonpede – Novial'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotb%C3%B2l' hreflang='oc' lang='oc' title='Fotbòl – Occitan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='mhr' lang='mhr' title='Футбол – Eastern Mari'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='uz' lang='uz' title='Futbol – Uzbek'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2' hreflang='pa' lang='pa' title='ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ – Punjabi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='pnb' lang='pnb' title='فٹ بال – Western Punjabi'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='ps' lang='ps' title='فوټبال – Pashto'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B' hreflang='km' lang='km' title='បាល់ទាត់ – Khmer'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale' hreflang='pcd' lang='pcd' title='Fotbale – Picard'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='tpi' lang='tpi' title='Soka – Tok Pisin'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='nds' lang='nds' title='Football – Low German'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%82ka_no%C5%BCna' hreflang='pl' lang='pl' title='Piłka nożna – Polish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futebol' hreflang='pt' lang='pt' title='Futebol – Portuguese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='kaa' lang='kaa' title='Futbol – Kara-Kalpak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo%C3%9Fball' hreflang='ksh' lang='ksh' title='Foßball – Colognian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbal' hreflang='ro' lang='ro' title='Fotbal – Romanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballape' hreflang='rm' lang='rm' title='Ballape – Romansh'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinku_hayt%27ay' hreflang='qu' lang='qu' title=\"Sinku hayt'ay – Quechua\">,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='rue' lang='rue' title='Фотбал – Rusyn'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='ru' lang='ru' title='Футбол – Russian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='sah' lang='sah' title='Футбол – Sakha'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A9_(%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E)' hreflang='sat' lang='sat' title='ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ (ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ) – Santali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka' hreflang='sm' lang='sm' title='Soka – Samoan'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9balu' hreflang='sc' lang='sc' title='Fùbalu – Sardinian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitbaw' hreflang='sco' lang='sco' title='Fitbaw – Scots'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foutbal' hreflang='stq' lang='stq' title='Foutbal – Saterland Frisian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kgwele_ya_maoto' hreflang='nso' lang='nso' title='Kgwele ya maoto – Northern Sotho'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbolli' hreflang='sq' lang='sq' title='Futbolli – Albanian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palluni_(sport)' hreflang='scn' lang='scn' title='Palluni (sport) – Sicilian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football' hreflang='en-simple' lang='en-simple' title='Association football – Simple English'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbal' hreflang='sk' lang='sk' title='Futbal – Slovak'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogomet' hreflang='sl' lang='sl' title='Nogomet – Slovenian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A' hreflang='cu' lang='cu' title='Фоутболъ – Church Slavic'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusbal' hreflang='szl' lang='szl' title='Fusbal – Silesian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubadda_Cagta' hreflang='so' lang='so' title='Kubadda Cagta – Somali'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E' hreflang='ckb' lang='ckb' title='تۆپی پێ – Central Kurdish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB' hreflang='sr' lang='sr' title='Фудбал – Serbian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudbal' hreflang='sh' lang='sh' title='Fudbal – Serbo-Croatian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A9n_bal' hreflang='su' lang='su' title='Maén bal – Sundanese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkapallo' hreflang='fi' lang='fi' title='Jalkapallo – Finnish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotboll' hreflang='sv' lang='sv' title='Fotboll – Swedish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tl' lang='tl' title='Futbol – Tagalog'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81' hreflang='ta' lang='ta' title='கால்பந்து கூட்டமைப்பு – Tamil'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ddabex_u%E1%B8%8Dar' hreflang='kab' lang='kab' title='Ddabex uḍar – Kabyle'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='tt' lang='tt' title='Футбол – Tatar'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF' hreflang='te' lang='te' title='కాల్బంతి – Telugu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5' hreflang='th' lang='th' title='ฟุตบอล – Thai'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='tg' lang='tg' title='Футбол – Tajik'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D' hreflang='tcy' lang='tcy' title='ಸಾಕರ್ – Tulu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tr' lang='tr' title='Futbol – Turkish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='tk' lang='tk' title='Futbol – Turkmen'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiirc%C3%B6k' hreflang='din' lang='din' title='Adiircök – Dinka'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB' hreflang='uk' lang='uk' title='Футбол – Ukrainian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84' hreflang='ur' lang='ur' title='ایسوسی ایشن فٹ بال – Urdu'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukgiuz' hreflang='za' lang='za' title='Cukgiuz – Zhuang'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%82on_(spor)' hreflang='vec' lang='vec' title='Bałon (spor) – Venetian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1' hreflang='vi' lang='vi' title='Bóng đá – Vietnamese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgpall' hreflang='vro' lang='vro' title='Jalgpall – Võro'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbale' hreflang='wa' lang='wa' title='Fotbale – Walloon'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='lzh' lang='lzh' title='足球 – Classical Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetbol' hreflang='vls' lang='vls' title='Voetbol – West Flemish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='war' lang='war' title='Futbol – Waray'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='wo' lang='wo' title='Football – Wolof'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='wuu' lang='wuu' title='足球 – Wu Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C' hreflang='yi' lang='yi' title='פוטבאל – Yiddish'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%8D%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%80l%C3%B9-%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%E1%BA%B9%CC%80' hreflang='yo' lang='yo' title='Bọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ – Yoruba'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='yue' lang='yue' title='足球 – Cantonese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futbol' hreflang='diq' lang='diq' title='Futbol – Zazaki'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotbuols' hreflang='sgs' lang='sgs' title='Fotbuols – Samogitian'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83' hreflang='zh' lang='zh' title='足球 – Chinese'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('interlanguage-link-target',) href='https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football' hreflang='gcr' lang='gcr' title='Football – Guianan Creole'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('wbc-editpage',) href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2736#sitelinks-wikipedia' title='Edit interlanguage links'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License' rel=('license',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' href='https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('noprint', 'stopMobileRedirectToggle') href='//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_football&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Looking at the last example, we see that there are 5 'link' elements selected along the 'a' tags\n",
    "# We can look only at the 'a' tags using a compound selector\n",
    "\n",
    "# we have selector that filters 'a' tags and a selector that filters tags with 'href' containing 'wikipedia'\n",
    "# by combining those we can select only the 'a' tags containing 'wikipedia' in their 'href' attribute\n",
    "r.html.find(\"a[href*=wikipedia]\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Mia1997.JPG' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Women%27s_football_match_Menai_Bridge_against_Penrhos_(24622680915).jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka_edit2.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Slidetackle.JPG' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Howard_Webb3.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Football_pitch_metric.svg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Didier_Drogba_Manuel_Neuer_last_penalty_kick_Champions_League_Final_2012.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Shunsuke1_20080622.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:FIFA-Headquarter.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Ousmane_Demb%C3%A9l%C3%A9_World_Cup_Trophy.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Torres,_Mata_and_Ramos_Euro_2012_trophy_01.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:Forcejeo_Real_Madrid_-_FC_Barcelona.jpg' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='/wiki/File:O_Jogo_Bonito_(The_Beautiful_Game).webm' title='Enlarge'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_One.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part One.ogg'>,\n",
       " <Element 'a' class=('internal',) href='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Football_%28soccer%29_Part_Two.ogg' title='Football (soccer) Part Two.ogg'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all 'a' tags with class 'internal'\n",
    "r.html.find(\"a.internal\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tmulti', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tmulti', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('thumb', 'tright')>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all 'div' tags with classes 'thumb' and 'tright'\n",
    "r.html.find(\"div.thumb.tright\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>,\n",
       " <Element 'div' class=('hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable') role='note'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Select all 'div' notes, again, but including the class as well\n",
    "r.html.find(\"div[role=note][class='hatnote navigation-not-searchable']\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Some important notes:\n",
    "# - when using [] syntax for class, instead of '.', you need to specify every value, i.e. all classes\n",
    "# - when an attribute value contains space, you need to enclose it in quotes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Incorporating tag hierarchy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Sometimes we may want to search for an element nested inside another tag\n",
    "# We can achieve this with a space"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Name'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='History'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Gameplay'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Laws'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Governing_bodies'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='International_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Domestic_competitions'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Professionalism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Hooliganism'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Variants_and_casual_play'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='See_also'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='Notes'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='References'>,\n",
       " <Element 'span' class=('mw-headline',) id='External_links'>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Selecting all 'span' tags that are inside an 'h2' tag\n",
    "r.html.find(\"h2 span\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<Element 'p' class=('mw-empty-elt',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'p' class=('mw-empty-elt',)>,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' >,\n",
       " <Element 'p' class=('mw-empty-elt',)>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If we use '>' instead of a space, the parent tag should be the direct parent\n",
    "\n",
    "# Selecting only paragraphs that are directly contained in a 'div' (their immidiate parent is a 'div')\n",
    "r.html.find(\"div > p\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# When we are done with scraping the page, it is a good idea to close the session object we opened at the begining\n",
    "# If not, and we open new sessions, a lot of background processes may draw memory and processor resources"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# close session object\n",
    "session.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Scraping data generated by JavaScript"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# When coding in Jupyter and Spyder, we need to use the class AsyncHTMLSession to make JavaScript work\n",
    "# In other environments you can use the normal HTMLSession\n",
    "from requests_html import AsyncHTMLSession"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# establish a new asynchronous session\n",
    "session = AsyncHTMLSession()\n",
    "\n",
    "# The only difference we will experience between the regular HTML Session and the asynchronous one,\n",
    "# is the need to write the keyword 'await' in front of some statements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# In this example we're going to use Nike's homepage: https://www.nike.com/\n",
    "# Several of the links on this page, as well as other elements, are generated by JavaScript\n",
    "# We will compare the result of scraping those before and after running the JavaScript code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "200"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Since we used async session, we need to use the keyword 'await'\n",
    "# If you use the regular HTMLSession, there is no need for 'await'\n",
    "r = await session.get(\"https://www.nike.com/\")\n",
    "r.status_code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# So far, nothing different from our previous example has happened\n",
    "# The JavaScript code has not yet been executed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Here are some tags obtained before rendering the JavaScript code, i.e. extarcted from the raw HTML\n",
    "divs = r.html.find(\"div\")\n",
    "p = r.html.find(\"p\")\n",
    "list_items = r.html.find(\"li\")\n",
    "links = r.html.find(\"a\")\n",
    "urls = r.html.absolute_links"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Now, we need to execute the JavaScript code that will generate additional tags"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The requests-html package provides a very simple interface for that - just use the 'render()' method\n",
    "# ('arender()' when using async session)\n",
    "# It runs the JavaScript code which updates the HTML. This may take a bit\n",
    "# The updated HTML is stored in the old variable 'r.html' - you do not need to assign a new variable to the method\n",
    "# As before, the 'await' keyword is supplied only because of the Async session\n",
    "await r.html.arender()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# NOTE: The first time you run 'a/render()' Chromium will be downloaded and installed on your computer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Now the HTML is updated and we can search for the same tags again\n",
    "new_divs = r.html.find(\"div\")\n",
    "new_p = r.html.find(\"p\")\n",
    "new_li = r.html.find(\"li\")\n",
    "new_links = r.html.find(\"a\")\n",
    "new_urls = r.html.absolute_links"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can see the difference in the number of found elements before and after the JavaScript executed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(442, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(divs), len(new_divs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(115, 1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(p), len(new_p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(113, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(list_items), len(new_li)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(410, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(links), len(new_links)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(343, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(urls), len(new_urls)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Remember that 'urls' is a set, and not a list?\n",
    "# Well, there is a useful feature of sets that we will now take advantage of\n",
    "# It takes two sets and selects only those items from the first set that are not present in the second one"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Take only the new items in the first set\n",
    "new_urls.difference(urls)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<coroutine object AsyncHTMLSession.close at 0x00000222CC0F29C8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Finally, close the session\n",
    "session.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Reloads the response in Chromium, and replaces HTML content\n",
      "        with an updated version, with JavaScript executed.\n",
      "\n",
      "        :param retries: The number of times to retry loading the page in Chromium.\n",
      "        :param script: JavaScript to execute upon page load (optional).\n",
      "        :param wait: The number of seconds to wait before loading the page, preventing timeouts (optional).\n",
      "        :param scrolldown: Integer, if provided, of how many times to page down.\n",
      "        :param sleep: Integer, if provided, of how many long to sleep after initial render.\n",
      "        :param reload: If ``False``, content will not be loaded from the browser, but will be provided from memory.\n",
      "        :param keep_page: If ``True`` will allow you to interact with the browser page through ``r.html.page``.\n",
      "\n",
      "        If ``scrolldown`` is specified, the page will scrolldown the specified\n",
      "        number of times, after sleeping the specified amount of time\n",
      "        (e.g. ``scrolldown=10, sleep=1``).\n",
      "\n",
      "        If just ``sleep`` is provided, the rendering will wait *n* seconds, before\n",
      "        returning.\n",
      "\n",
      "        If ``script`` is specified, it will execute the provided JavaScript at\n",
      "        runtime. Example:\n",
      "\n",
      "        .. code-block:: python\n",
      "\n",
      "            script = \"\"\"\n",
      "                () => {\n",
      "                    return {\n",
      "                        width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,\n",
      "                        height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,\n",
      "                        deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio,\n",
      "                    }\n",
      "                }\n",
      "            \"\"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "        Returns the return value of the executed  ``script``, if any is provided:\n",
      "\n",
      "        .. code-block:: python\n",
      "\n",
      "            >>> r.html.render(script=script)\n",
      "            {'width': 800, 'height': 600, 'deviceScaleFactor': 1}\n",
      "\n",
      "        Warning: the first time you run this method, it will download\n",
      "        Chromium into your home directory (``~/.pyppeteer``).\n",
      "        \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# You can check the documentation directly inside Jupyter\n",
    "print(r.html.render.__doc__)"
   ]
  }
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