diff --git a/lib/bytes/clone_go119.go b/lib/bytes/clone_go119.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c76d779ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bytes/clone_go119.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Linkall Inc.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//go:build !go1.20
+
+package bytes
+
+// Clone returns a copy of b[:len(b)].
+// The result may have additional unused capacity.
+// Clone(nil) returns nil.
+func Clone(b []byte) []byte {
+	if b == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return append([]byte{}, b...)
+}
diff --git a/lib/bytes/clone_go120.go b/lib/bytes/clone_go120.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccdea72f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bytes/clone_go120.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Linkall Inc.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//go:build go1.20
+
+package bytes
+
+import "bytes"
+
+var Clone = bytes.Clone
diff --git a/pkg/template/json/generator.go b/pkg/template/json/generator.go
index 94d950ac7..ee5428ed8 100644
--- a/pkg/template/json/generator.go
+++ b/pkg/template/json/generator.go
@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@ package json
 
 import (
 	// standard libraries.
-	"bytes"
+	stdbytes "bytes"
 
 	// third-party libraries.
 	"github.com/ohler55/ojg/jp"
+
+	// first-party libraries.
+	"github.com/vanus-labs/vanus/lib/bytes"
 )
 
 type templateGenerator struct {
 	stack    generatorStack
-	buf      bytes.Buffer
+	buf      stdbytes.Buffer
 	segments []templateSegment
 }
 
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ func (g *templateGenerator) packLiteral() {
 	bs := g.buf.Bytes()
 	if len(bs) != 0 {
 		g.segments = append(g.segments, &literalSegment{
-			val: append([]byte{}, bs...),
+			val: bytes.Clone(bs),
 		})
 		g.buf.Reset()
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/template/text/parse.go b/pkg/template/text/parse.go
index 8181cc995..193462415 100644
--- a/pkg/template/text/parse.go
+++ b/pkg/template/text/parse.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func parse(text string) ([]templateSegment, error) {
 			return
 		}
 		segments = append(segments, &textSegment{
-			text: append([]byte{}, buf.Bytes()...),
+			text: bytes.Clone(buf.Bytes()),
 		})
 		buf.Reset()
 	}
diff --git a/server/store/meta/utils.go b/server/store/meta/utils.go
index d4aab0083..f275d5312 100644
--- a/server/store/meta/utils.go
+++ b/server/store/meta/utils.go
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ package meta
 import (
 	// third-party libraries.
 	"github.com/huandu/skiplist"
+
+	// first-party libraries.
+	"github.com/vanus-labs/vanus/lib/bytes"
 )
 
 func update(m *skiplist.SkipList, key []byte, value interface{}) {
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ func set(m *skiplist.SkipList, key []byte, value interface{}) {
 	switch val := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
 		// Make a copy to avoid modifying value outside.
-		bs := append([]byte{}, val...)
+		bs := bytes.Clone(val)
 		m.Set(key, bs)
 	default:
 		m.Set(key, value)