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Robot Framework Tools

Python Tools for Robot Framework and Test Libraries.

0. Setup

Supported Python versions: 2.7.x, 3.3.x and later

Package name: robotframework-tools

Package extra features:

  • [remote]: RemoteRobot
  • [robotshell]

Requirements

Extra requirements for [remote]:

Extra requirements for [robotshell]:

Installation

python setup.py install

Or with pip:

pip install .

Or from PyPI:

pip install robotframework-tools

  • With all extra features:

      pip install robotframework-tools[remote,robotshell]

  • Robot Framework will not be installed automatically

1. Creating Dynamic Test Libraries

from robottools import testlibrary

TestLibrary = testlibrary()

Defined in a module also called TestLibrary, this generated Dynamic TestLibrary type could now directly be imported in Robot Framework. It features all the required methods:

  • get_keyword_names
  • get_keyword_arguments
  • get_keyword_documentation
  • run_keyword

Keywords

The TestLibrary has no Keywords so far... To add some just use the TestLibrary.keyword decorator:

@TestLibrary.keyword
def some_keyword(self, arg, *rest):
    ...

A keyword function can be defined anywhere in any scope. The TestLibrary.keyword decorator always links it to the TestLibrary (but always returns the original function object). And when called as a Keyword from Robot Framework the self parameter will always get the TestLibrary instance.

You may want to define your keyword methods at your Test Library class scope. Just derive your actual Dynamic Test Library class from TestLibrary:

# SomeLibrary.py

class SomeLibrary(TestLibrary):
    def no_keyword(self, ...):
        ...

    @TestLibrary.keyword
    def some_other_keyword(self, arg, *rest):
        ...

To get a simple interactive SomeLibrary overview just instantiate it:

In : lib = SomeLibrary()

You can inspect all Keywords in Robot CamelCase style (and call them for testing):

In : lib.SomeKeyword
Out: SomeLibrary.Some Keyword [ arg | *rest ]

By default the Keyword names and argument lists are auto-generated from the function definition. You can override that:

@TestLibrary.keyword(name='KEYword N@me', args=['f|r$t', 'se[ond', ...])
def function(self, *args):
    ...

Keyword Options

When you apply custom decorators to your Keyword functions which don't return the original function objects, you would have to take care of preserving the original argspec for Robot. testlibrary can handle this for you:

def some_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(...):
        return func(...)

    # You still have to take care of the function(-->Keyword) name:
    wrapper.__name__ = func.__name__
    return wrapper

TestLibrary = testlibrary(
  register_keyword_options=[
    # Either just:
    some_decorator,
    # Or with some other name:
    ('some_option', some_decorator),
    ],
  )

@TestLibrary.keyword.some_option
def some_keyword_with_options(self, arg, *rest):
    ...

There are predefined options. Currently:

  • unicode_to_str - Converts all unicode values (pybot's default) to str.
  • varargs_to_kwargs - Moves items pairwise from *varargs to **kwargs.
  • kwargs_from_strings - Splits any key=value strings in *varargs and moves them to **kwargs.
  • keys_from_vars - Substitutes variable keys in ${key}=value items in **kwargs.

You can specify default_keyword_options that will always be applied:

TestLibrary = testlibrary(
  register_keyword_options=[
    ('some_option', some_decorator),
    ],
  default_keyword_options=[
    'unicode_to_str',
    'some_option',
  )

To bypass the default_keyword_options for single Keywords:

@TestLibrary.keyword.no_options
def some_keyword_without_options(self, arg, *rest):
    ...

@TestLibrary.keyword.reset_options.some_option
def some_keyword_without_default_options(self, arg, *rest):
    ...

1.1 Adding switchable Keyword contexts

from robottools import ContextHandler

TODO...

1.2 Adding session management

from robottools import SessionHandler

Whenever your Test Library needs to deal with sessions, like network connections, which you want to open, switch, close, and when you don't always want to specify the actual session to use as a Keyword argument, just do:

class SomeConnection(SessionHandler):
    # All methods starting with `open`
    # will be turned into session opener Keywords.
    # `self` will get the Test Library instance.
    def open(self, host, *args):
        return internal_connection_handler(host)

    def open_in_a_different_way(self, host):
        return ...

TestLibrary = testlibrary(
  session_handlers=[SomeConnection],
  )

The following Keywords will be generated:

  • TestLibrary.Open Some Connection [ host | *args ]
  • TestLibrary.Open Named Some Connection [ alias | host | *args ]
  • TestLibrary.Open Some Connection In A Different Way [ host ]
  • TestLibrary.Open Named Some Connection In A Different Way [ alias | host ]
  • TestLibrary.Swith Some Connection [ alias ]
  • TestLibrary.Close Some Connection [ ]

You can access the currently active session instance, as returned from an opener Keyword, with an auto-generated property based on the handler class name:

@TestLibrary.keyword
def some_keyword(self):
    self.some_connection.do_something()

If there is no active session, a TestLibrary.SomeConnectionError will be raised.

Close Some Connection will only release all references to the stored session object. To add custom logic just add a close method to your SessionHandler:

class SomeConnection(SessionHandler):
    ...

    def close(self, connection):
        # `self` will get the Test Library instance.
        ...

The SessionHandler framework additionally supports some Meta options:

class SomeConnection(SessionHandler):
    class Meta:
        # options
        ...

  • auto_explicit = True will automatically modify every Keyword of the Test Library to support explicit session switching with an additional named argument based on the handler class name. After the Keyword call, the session will switch back to the previously active one:

    Some Keyword ... some_connection=alias

2. Inspecting Test Libraries

from robottools import TestLibraryInspector

Now you can load any Test Library in two ways:

builtin = TestLibraryInspector('BuiltIn')
oslib = TestLibraryInspector.OperatingSystem

TODO...

3. Using Robot Framework interactively

from robottools import TestRobot

test = TestRobot('Test')

The TestRobot basically uses the same Robot Framework internals for loading Test Libraries and running Keywords as pybot and its alternatives, so you can expect the same behavior from your Keywords.

All functionalitiy is exposed in CamelCase:

test.Import('SomeLibrary')

TODO...

4. Using Robot Framework remotely

from robottools.remote import RemoteRobot

RemoteRobot is derived from robottools.TestRobot and external robotremoteserver.RobotRemoteServer, which is derived from Python's SimpleXMLRPCServer. The __init__() method shares most of its basic arguments with RobotRemoteServer:

def __init__(
  self, libraries, host='127.0.0.1', port=8270, port_file=None,
  allow_stop=True, allow_import=None,
  register_keywords=True, introspection=True,
  ):
    ...

The differences:

  • Instead of a single pre-initialized Test Library instance, you can provide a sequence of multiple Test Library names, which will be imported and initialized using TestRobot.Import().
  • The additional argument allow_import takes a sequence of Test Library names, which can later be imported remotely via the Import Remote Library Keyword described below.
  • RemoteRobot also directly registers Keywords as remote methods (RobotRemoteServer only registers a Dynamic Library API). You can change this by setting register_keywords=False.
  • RemoteRobot calls SimpleXMLRPCServer.register_introspection_functions(). You can change this by setting introspection=False.

Once initialized the RemoteRobot will immediately start its service. You can connect with any XML-RPC client like Python's xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy (Python 2.7: xmlrpclib.ServerProxy).

To access the RemoteRobot from your Test Scripts, you can use Robot Framework's standard Remote Library. Once connected it will provide all the Keywords from the Test Libraries imported by the RemoteRobot.

Besides RobotRemoteServer's additional Stop Remote Server Keyword RemoteRobot further provides these extra Keywords:

  • Import Remote Library [ name ]

    Remotely import the Test Library with given name.

    Does the same remotely as BuiltIn.Import Library does locally. The Test Library must be allowed on server side.

    The Remote client library must be reloaded to make the new Keywords accessible. This can be done with ToolsLibrary.Reload Library.

5. Using the ToolsLibrary

The ToolsLibrary is a Dynamic Test Library, which provides these additional general purpose Keywords:

  • Reload Library [ name | *args]

    Reload an already imported Test Library with given name and optional args.

    This also leads to a reload of the Test Library Keywords, which allows Test Libraries to dynamically extend or change them.

The ToolsLibrary is based on robottools.testlibrary. To use it directly in Python:

from ToolsLibrary import ToolsLibrary

tools = ToolsLibrary()

Then you can call the Keywords in tools.CamelCase(...) style.

6. Using IPython as a Robot Framework shell

In : %load_ext robotshell

Now all the robottools.TestRobot functionality is exposed as IPython %magic functions...

[Robot.Default]
In : %Import SomeLibrary
Out: [Library] SomeLibrary

As with a robottools.TestRobot you can call Keywords with or without the Test Library prefix. You can simply assign the return values to normal Python variables. And there are two ways of separating the arguments:

[Robot.Default]
In : ret = %SomeKeyword value ...
[TRACE] Arguments: [ 'value', '...' ]
[TRACE] Return: ...

[Robot.Default]
In : ret = %SomeLibrary.SomeOtherKeyword | with some value | ...
[TRACE] Arguments: [ 'with some value', '...' ]
[TRACE] Return: ...

You can create new Robots and switch between them:

[Robot.Default]
In : %Robot Test
Out: [Robot] Test

[Robot.Test]
In : %Robot.Default
Out: [Robot] Default

[Robot.Default]
In :

If a Keyword fails the traceback is just printed like in a Robot Log. If it fails unexpectedly you may want to debug it. Just turn on %robot_debug mode and the Keyword's exception will be re-raised. Combine it with IPython's automatic %pdb mode and you'll get a nice Test Library debugging environment.

Variables

Robot Framework uses ${...} and @{...} syntax for accessing variables. In %magic function call parameters IPython already substitutes Python variables inside {...} with their str() conversion. This conflicts with Robot variable syntax. To access a Robot variable you need to use double braces:

%Keyword ${{var}}

Or to expand a list variable:

%Keyword @{{listvar}}

This way you can also pass Python variables directly to a Robot Keyword. If the Robot can't find the variable in its own dictionary, lookup is first extended to IPython's user_ns (shell level) and finally to Python's builtins.