SourceCode.c

    /*
    ** 2001 September 15
    **
    ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
    ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
    **
    **    May you do good and not evil.
    **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
    **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
    **
    *************************************************************************
    ** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
    ** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
    ** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
    ** accessed by users of the library.
    */
    #include "sqliteInt.h"

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
    # include "fts3.h"
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
    # include "rtree.h"
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
    # include "sqliteicu.h"
    #endif

    /*
    ** This is an extension initializer that is a no-op and always
    ** succeeds, except that it fails if the fault-simulation is set
    ** to 500.
    */
    static int sqlite3TestExtInit(sqlite3 *db){
      (void)db;
      return sqlite3FaultSim(500);
    }


    /*
    ** Forward declarations of external module initializer functions
    ** for modules that need them.
    */
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
    int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
    int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT
    int SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT(sqlite3*);
    #endif
    /*
    ** An array of pointers to extension initializer functions for
    ** built-in extensions.
    */
    static int (*const sqlite3BuiltinExtensions[])(sqlite3*) = {
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
      sqlite3Fts3Init,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
      sqlite3Fts5Init,
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
      sqlite3IcuInit,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
      sqlite3RtreeInit,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
      sqlite3DbpageRegister,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
      sqlite3DbstatRegister,
    #endif
      sqlite3TestExtInit,
    #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
      sqlite3JsonTableFunctions,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
      sqlite3StmtVtabInit,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
      sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit,
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT
      SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT,
    #endif
    };

    #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-46656-45156 The sqlite3_version[] string constant
    ** contains the text of SQLITE_VERSION macro.
    */
    const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
    #endif

    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-53536-42575 The sqlite3_libversion() function returns
    ** a pointer to the to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }

    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-25063-23286 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
    ** pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
    ** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. Except if SQLite is built using
    ** an edited copy of the amalgamation, then the last four characters of
    ** the hash might be different from SQLITE_SOURCE_ID.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }

    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-35210-63508 The sqlite3_libversion_number() function
    ** returns an integer equal to SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER.
    */
    int sqlite3_libversion_number(void){ return SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER; }

    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-20790-14025 The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns
    ** zero if and only if SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to
    ** the SQLITE_THREADSAFE compile-time option being set to 0.
    */
    int sqlite3_threadsafe(void){ return SQLITE_THREADSAFE; }

    /*
    ** When compiling the test fixture or with debugging enabled (on Win32),
    ** this variable being set to non-zero will cause OSTRACE macros to emit
    ** extra diagnostic information.
    */
    #ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
    # ifndef SQLITE_DEBUG_OS_TRACE
    #   define SQLITE_DEBUG_OS_TRACE 0
    # endif
      int sqlite3OSTrace = SQLITE_DEBUG_OS_TRACE;
    #endif

    #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE)
    /*
    ** If the following function pointer is not NULL and if
    ** SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE is enabled, then messages describing
    ** I/O active are written using this function.  These messages
    ** are intended for debugging activity only.
    */
    SQLITE_API void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*, ...) = 0;
    #endif

    /*
    ** If the following global variable points to a string which is the
    ** name of a directory, then that directory will be used to store
    ** temporary files.
    **
    ** See also the "PRAGMA temp_store_directory" SQL command.
    */
    char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;

    /*
    ** If the following global variable points to a string which is the
    ** name of a directory, then that directory will be used to store
    ** all database files specified with a relative pathname.
    **
    ** See also the "PRAGMA data_store_directory" SQL command.
    */
    char *sqlite3_data_directory = 0;

    /*
    ** Determine whether or not high-precision (long double) floating point
    ** math works correctly on CPU currently running.
    */
    static SQLITE_NOINLINE int hasHighPrecisionDouble(int rc){
      if( sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)<=8 ){
        /* If the size of "long double" is not more than 8, then
        ** high-precision math is not possible. */
        return 0;
      }else{
        /* Just because sizeof(long double)>8 does not mean that the underlying
        ** hardware actually supports high-precision floating point.  For example,
        ** clearing the 0x100 bit in the floating-point control word on Intel
        ** processors will make long double work like double, even though long
        ** double takes up more space.  The only way to determine if long double
        ** actually works is to run an experiment. */
        LONGDOUBLE_TYPE a, b, c;
        rc++;
        a = 1.0+rc*0.1;
        b = 1.0e+18+rc*25.0;
        c = a+b;
        return b!=c;
      }
    }


    /*
    ** Initialize SQLite. 
    **
    ** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
    ** VFS, and mutex subsystems prior to doing any serious work with
    ** SQLite.  But as long as you do not compile with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
    ** this routine will be called automatically by key routines such as
    ** sqlite3_open(). 
    **
    ** This routine is a no-op except on its very first call for the process,
    ** or for the first call after a call to sqlite3_shutdown.
    **
    ** The first thread to call this routine runs the initialization to
    ** completion.  If subsequent threads call this routine before the first
    ** thread has finished the initialization process, then the subsequent
    ** threads must block until the first thread finishes with the initialization.
    **
    ** The first thread might call this routine recursively.  Recursive
    ** calls to this routine should not block, of course.  Otherwise the
    ** initialization process would never complete.
    **
    ** Let X be the first thread to enter this routine.  Let Y be some other
    ** thread.  Then while the initial invocation of this routine by X is
    ** incomplete, it is required that:
    **
    **    *  Calls to this routine from Y must block until the outer-most
    **       call by X completes.
    **
    **    *  Recursive calls to this routine from thread X return immediately
    **       without blocking.
    */
    int sqlite3_initialize(void){
      MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMainMtx; )      /* The main static mutex */
      int rc;                                      /* Result code */
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
      int bRunExtraInit = 0;                       /* Extra initialization needed */
    #endif

    #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
      rc = sqlite3_wsd_init(4096, 24);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        return rc;
      }
    #endif

      /* If the following assert() fails on some obscure processor/compiler
      ** combination, the work-around is to set the correct pointer
      ** size at compile-time using -DSQLITE_PTRSIZE=n compile-time option */
      assert( SQLITE_PTRSIZE==sizeof(char*) );

      /* If SQLite is already completely initialized, then this call
      ** to sqlite3_initialize() should be a no-op.  But the initialization
      ** must be complete.  So isInit must not be set until the very end
      ** of this routine.
      */
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
        sqlite3MemoryBarrier();
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }

      /* Make sure the mutex subsystem is initialized.  If unable to
      ** initialize the mutex subsystem, return early with the error.
      ** If the system is so sick that we are unable to allocate a mutex,
      ** there is not much SQLite is going to be able to do.
      **
      ** The mutex subsystem must take care of serializing its own
      ** initialization.
      */
      rc = sqlite3MutexInit();
      if( rc ) return rc;

      /* Initialize the malloc() system and the recursive pInitMutex mutex.
      ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MAIN mutex.  Note that
      ** MutexAlloc() is called for a static mutex prior to initializing the
      ** malloc subsystem - this implies that the allocation of a static
      ** mutex must not require support from the malloc subsystem.
      */
      MUTEX_LOGIC( pMainMtx = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 1;
      if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
        rc = sqlite3MallocInit();
      }
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 1;
        if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex =
               sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex && !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
          }
        }
      }
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex++;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);

      /* If rc is not SQLITE_OK at this point, then either the malloc
      ** subsystem could not be initialized or the system failed to allocate
      ** the pInitMutex mutex. Return an error in either case.  */
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        return rc;
      }

      /* Do the rest of the initialization under the recursive mutex so
      ** that we will be able to handle recursive calls into
      ** sqlite3_initialize().  The recursive calls normally come through
      ** sqlite3_os_init() when it invokes sqlite3_vfs_register(), but other
      ** recursive calls might also be possible.
      **
      ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-00140-37445 SQLite automatically serializes calls
      ** to the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.
      **
      ** The following mutex is what serializes access to the appdef pcache xInit
      ** methods.  The sqlite3_pcache_methods.xInit() all is embedded in the
      ** call to sqlite3PcacheInitialize().
      */
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit==0 && sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress==0 ){
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 1;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
        {
          extern void sqlite3_init_sqllog(void);
          sqlite3_init_sqllog();
        }
    #endif
        memset(&sqlite3BuiltinFunctions, 0, sizeof(sqlite3BuiltinFunctions));
        sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions();
        if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit==0 ){
          rc = sqlite3PcacheInitialize();
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 1;
          rc = sqlite3OsInit();
        }
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          rc = sqlite3MemdbInit();
        }
    #endif
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage,
              sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage, sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage);
          sqlite3MemoryBarrier();
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 1;
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
          bRunExtraInit = 1;
    #endif
        }
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 0;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);

      /* Go back under the static mutex and clean up the recursive
      ** mutex to prevent a resource leak.
      */
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex--;
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex<=0 ){
        assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex==0 );
        sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex = 0;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);

      /* The following is just a sanity check to make sure SQLite has
      ** been compiled correctly.  It is important to run this code, but
      ** we don't want to run it too often and soak up CPU cycles for no
      ** reason.  So we run it once during initialization.
      */
    #ifndef NDEBUG
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
      /* This section of code's only "output" is via assert() statements. */
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        u64 x = (((u64)1)<<63)-1;
        double y;
        assert(sizeof(x)==8);
        assert(sizeof(x)==sizeof(y));
        memcpy(&y, &x, 8);
        assert( sqlite3IsNaN(y) );
      }
    #endif
    #endif

      /* Do extra initialization steps requested by the SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
      ** compile-time option.
      */
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
      if( bRunExtraInit ){
        int SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT(const char*);
        rc = SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT(0);
      }
    #endif

      /* Experimentally determine if high-precision floating point is
      ** available. */
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
      sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble = hasHighPrecisionDouble(rc);
    #endif

      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Undo the effects of sqlite3_initialize().  Must not be called while
    ** there are outstanding database connections or memory allocations or
    ** while any part of SQLite is otherwise in use in any thread.  This
    ** routine is not threadsafe.  But it is safe to invoke this routine
    ** on when SQLite is already shut down.  If SQLite is already shut down
    ** when this routine is invoked, then this routine is a harmless no-op.
    */
    int sqlite3_shutdown(void){
    #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
      int rc = sqlite3_wsd_init(4096, 24);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        return rc;
      }
    #endif

      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN
        void SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN(void);
        SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN();
    #endif
        sqlite3_os_end();
        sqlite3_reset_auto_extension();
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 0;
      }
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit ){
        sqlite3PcacheShutdown();
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 0;
      }
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
        sqlite3MallocEnd();
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 0;

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHUTDOWN_DIRECTORIES
        /* The heap subsystem has now been shutdown and these values are supposed
        ** to be NULL or point to memory that was obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
        ** which would rely on that heap subsystem; therefore, make sure these
        ** values cannot refer to heap memory that was just invalidated when the
        ** heap subsystem was shutdown.  This is only done if the current call to
        ** this function resulted in the heap subsystem actually being shutdown.
        */
        sqlite3_data_directory = 0;
        sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
    #endif
      }
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit ){
        sqlite3MutexEnd();
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 0;
      }

      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** This API allows applications to modify the global configuration of
    ** the SQLite library at run-time.
    **
    ** This routine should only be called when there are no outstanding
    ** database connections or memory allocations.  This routine is not
    ** threadsafe.  Failure to heed these warnings can lead to unpredictable
    ** behavior.
    */
    int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
      va_list ap;
      int rc = SQLITE_OK;

      /* sqlite3_config() normally returns SQLITE_MISUSE if it is invoked while
      ** the SQLite library is in use.  Except, a few selected opcodes
      ** are allowed.
      */
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
        static const u64 mAnytimeConfigOption = 0
           | MASKBIT64( SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG )
           | MASKBIT64( SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ )
        ;
        if( op<0 || op>63 || (MASKBIT64(op) & mAnytimeConfigOption)==0 ){
          return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        }
        testcase( op==SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG );
        testcase( op==SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ );
      }

      va_start(ap, op);
      switch( op ){

        /* Mutex configuration options are only available in a threadsafe
        ** compile.
        */
    #if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0  /* IMP: R-54466-46756 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-02748-19096 This option sets the threading mode to
          ** Single-thread. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 0;  /* Disable mutex on core */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;  /* Disable mutex on connections */
          break;
        }
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0 /* IMP: R-20520-54086 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-14374-42468 This option sets the threading mode to
          ** Multi-thread. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;  /* Enable mutex on core */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;  /* Disable mutex on connections */
          break;
        }
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0 /* IMP: R-59593-21810 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-41220-51800 This option sets the threading mode to
          ** Serialized. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;  /* Enable mutex on core */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 1;  /* Enable mutex on connections */
          break;
        }
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0 /* IMP: R-63666-48755 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: {
          /* Specify an alternative mutex implementation */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*);
          break;
        }
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0 /* IMP: R-14450-37597 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: {
          /* Retrieve the current mutex implementation */
          *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
          break;
        }
    #endif

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55594-21030 The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a
          ** single argument which is a pointer to an instance of the
          ** sqlite3_mem_methods structure. The argument specifies alternative
          ** low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of the memory
          ** allocation routines built into SQLite. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-51213-46414 The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a
          ** single argument which is a pointer to an instance of the
          ** sqlite3_mem_methods structure. The sqlite3_mem_methods structure is
          ** filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines. */
          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==0 ) sqlite3MemSetDefault();
          *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m;
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: {
          assert( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit );  /* Cannot change at runtime */
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-61275-35157 The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes
          ** single argument of type int, interpreted as a boolean, which enables
          ** or disables the collection of memory allocation statistics. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bSmallMalloc = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-18761-36601 There are three arguments to
          ** SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to 8-byte aligned memory (pMem),
          ** the size of each page cache line (sz), and the number of cache lines
          ** (N). */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = va_arg(ap, void*);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage = va_arg(ap, int);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-39100-27317 The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes
          ** a single parameter which is a pointer to an integer and writes into
          ** that integer the number of extra bytes per page required for each page
          ** in SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE. */
          *va_arg(ap, int*) =
              sqlite3HeaderSizeBtree() +
              sqlite3HeaderSizePcache() +
              sqlite3HeaderSizePcache1();
          break;
        }

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE: {
          /* no-op */
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE: {
          /* now an error */
          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
          break;
        }

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-63325-48378 The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a
          ** single argument which is a pointer to an sqlite3_pcache_methods2
          ** object. This object specifies the interface to a custom page cache
          ** implementation. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2 = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods2*);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22035-46182 The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a
          ** single argument which is a pointer to an sqlite3_pcache_methods2
          ** object. SQLite copies of the current page cache implementation into
          ** that object. */
          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.xInit==0 ){
            sqlite3PCacheSetDefault();
          }
          *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods2*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2;
          break;
        }

    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-06626-12911 The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only
    ** available if SQLite is compiled with either SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 or
    ** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 and returns SQLITE_ERROR if invoked otherwise. */
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5)
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-19854-42126 There are three arguments to
          ** SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory, the
          ** number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
          */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap = va_arg(ap, void*);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq = va_arg(ap, int);

          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq<1 ){
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq = 1;
          }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq>(1<<12) ){
            /* cap min request size at 2^12 */
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq = (1<<12);
          }

          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap==0 ){
            /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-49920-60189 If the first pointer (the memory pointer)
            ** is NULL, then SQLite reverts to using its default memory allocator
            ** (the system malloc() implementation), undoing any prior invocation of
            ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC.
            **
            ** Setting sqlite3GlobalConfig.m to all zeros will cause malloc to
            ** revert to its default implementation when sqlite3_initialize() is run
            */
            memset(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.m, 0, sizeof(sqlite3GlobalConfig.m));
          }else{
            /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-61006-08918 If the memory pointer is not NULL then the
            ** alternative memory allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites
            ** memory allocation needs. */
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3();
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5();
    #endif
          }
          break;
        }
    #endif

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }
       
        /* Record a pointer to the logger function and its first argument.
        ** The default is NULL.  Logging is disabled if the function pointer is
        ** NULL.
        */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG: {
          /* MSVC is picky about pulling func ptrs from va lists.
          ** http://support.microsoft.com/kb/47961
          ** sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog = va_arg(ap, void(*)(void*,int,const char*));
          */
          typedef void(*LOGFUNC_t)(void*,int,const char*);
          LOGFUNC_t xLog = va_arg(ap, LOGFUNC_t);
          void *pLogArg = va_arg(ap, void*);
          AtomicStore(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog, xLog);
          AtomicStore(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.pLogArg, pLogArg);
          break;
        }

        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55548-33817 The compile-time setting for URI filenames
        ** can be changed at start-time using the
        ** sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_URI,1) or
        ** sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_URI,0) configuration calls.
        */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_URI: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-25451-61125 The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single
          ** argument of type int. If non-zero, then URI handling is globally
          ** enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling is globally
          ** disabled. */
          int bOpenUri = va_arg(ap, int);
          AtomicStore(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.bOpenUri, bOpenUri);
          break;
        }

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-36592-02772 The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
          ** option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as a
          ** boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
          ** full table scans in the query optimizer. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bUseCis = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG: {
          typedef void(*SQLLOGFUNC_t)(void*, sqlite3*, const char*, int);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog = va_arg(ap, SQLLOGFUNC_t);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pSqllogArg = va_arg(ap, void *);
          break;
        }
    #endif

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58063-38258 SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit
          ** integer (sqlite3_int64) values that are the default mmap size limit
          ** (the default setting for PRAGMA mmap_size) and the maximum allowed
          ** mmap size limit. */
          sqlite3_int64 szMmap = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_int64);
          sqlite3_int64 mxMmap = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_int64);
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-53367-43190 If either argument to this option is
          ** negative, then that argument is changed to its compile-time default.
          **
          ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-34993-45031 The maximum allowed mmap size will be
          ** silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
          ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
          ** compile-time option.
          */
          if( mxMmap<0 || mxMmap>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE ){
            mxMmap = SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE;
          }
          if( szMmap<0 ) szMmap = SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE;
          if( szMmap>mxMmap) szMmap = mxMmap;
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap = mxMmap;
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap = szMmap;
          break;
        }

    #if SQLITE_OS_WIN && defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) /* IMP: R-04780-55815 */
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE: {
          /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-34926-03360 SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit
          ** unsigned integer value that specifies the maximum size of the created
          ** heap. */
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }
    #endif

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPma = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
          break;
        }

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.nStmtSpill = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE: {
          int iVal = va_arg(ap, int);
          if( iVal<0 ){
            iVal = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE;
          }
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szSorterRef = (u32)iVal;
          break;
        }
    #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES */

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
        case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMemdbSize = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_int64);
          break;
        }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE */

        case SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW: {
          int *pVal = va_arg(ap,int*);
    #ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
          if( 0==*pVal ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid = TF_NoVisibleRowid;
          if( 1==*pVal ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid = 0;
          *pVal = (sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid==0);
    #else
          *pVal = 0;
    #endif
          break;
        }

        default: {
          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
          break;
        }
      }
      va_end(ap);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Set up the lookaside buffers for a database connection.
    ** Return SQLITE_OK on success. 
    ** If lookaside is already active, return SQLITE_BUSY.
    **
    ** The sz parameter is the number of bytes in each lookaside slot.
    ** The cnt parameter is the number of slots.  If pStart is NULL the
    ** space for the lookaside memory is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
    ** If pStart is not NULL then it is sz*cnt bytes of memory to use for
    ** the lookaside memory.
    */
    static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
      void *pStart;
      sqlite3_int64 szAlloc = sz*(sqlite3_int64)cnt;
      int nBig;   /* Number of full-size slots */
      int nSm;    /* Number smaller LOOKASIDE_SMALL-byte slots */
     
      if( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)>0 ){
        return SQLITE_BUSY;
      }
      /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
      ** allocating a new one so we don't have to have space for
      ** both at the same time.
      */
      if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
        sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
      }
      /* The size of a lookaside slot after ROUNDDOWN8 needs to be larger
      ** than a pointer to be useful.
      */
      sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);  /* IMP: R-33038-09382 */
      if( sz<=(int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) ) sz = 0;
      if( cnt<0 ) cnt = 0;
      if( sz==0 || cnt==0 ){
        sz = 0;
        pStart = 0;
      }else if( pBuf==0 ){
        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
        pStart = sqlite3Malloc( szAlloc );  /* IMP: R-61949-35727 */
        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
        if( pStart ) szAlloc = sqlite3MallocSize(pStart);
      }else{
        pStart = pBuf;
      }
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
      if( sz>=LOOKASIDE_SMALL*3 ){
        nBig = szAlloc/(3*LOOKASIDE_SMALL+sz);
        nSm = (szAlloc - sz*nBig)/LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
      }else if( sz>=LOOKASIDE_SMALL*2 ){
        nBig = szAlloc/(LOOKASIDE_SMALL+sz);
        nSm = (szAlloc - sz*nBig)/LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
      }else
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
      if( sz>0 ){
        nBig = szAlloc/sz;
        nSm = 0;
      }else{
        nBig = nSm = 0;
      }
      db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
      db->lookaside.pInit = 0;
      db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
      db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
      db->lookaside.szTrue = (u16)sz;
      if( pStart ){
        int i;
        LookasideSlot *p;
        assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
        p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
        for(i=0; i<nBig; i++){
          p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
          db->lookaside.pInit = p;
          p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
        }
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
        db->lookaside.pSmallInit = 0;
        db->lookaside.pSmallFree = 0;
        db->lookaside.pMiddle = p;
        for(i=0; i<nSm; i++){
          p->pNext = db->lookaside.pSmallInit;
          db->lookaside.pSmallInit = p;
          p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[LOOKASIDE_SMALL];
        }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
        assert( ((uptr)p)<=szAlloc + (uptr)pStart );
        db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
        db->lookaside.bDisable = 0;
        db->lookaside.bMalloced = pBuf==0 ?1:0;
        db->lookaside.nSlot = nBig+nSm;
      }else{
        db->lookaside.pStart = 0;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
        db->lookaside.pSmallInit = 0;
        db->lookaside.pSmallFree = 0;
        db->lookaside.pMiddle = 0;
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
        db->lookaside.pEnd = 0;
        db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
        db->lookaside.sz = 0;
        db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
        db->lookaside.nSlot = 0;
      }
      db->lookaside.pTrueEnd = db->lookaside.pEnd;
      assert( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)==0 );
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE */
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the mutex associated with a database connection.
    */
    sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return db->mutex;
    }

    /*
    ** Free up as much memory as we can from the given database
    ** connection.
    */
    int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3 *db){
      int i;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
        Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
        if( pBt ){
          Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
          sqlite3PagerShrink(pPager);
        }
      }
      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Flush any dirty pages in the pager-cache for any attached database
    ** to disk.
    */
    int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3 *db){
      int i;
      int rc = SQLITE_OK;
      int bSeenBusy = 0;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
        Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
        if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
          Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
          rc = sqlite3PagerFlush(pPager);
          if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
            bSeenBusy = 1;
            rc = SQLITE_OK;
          }
        }
      }
      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return ((rc==SQLITE_OK && bSeenBusy) ? SQLITE_BUSY : rc);
    }

    /*
    ** Configuration settings for an individual database connection
    */
    int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
      va_list ap;
      int rc;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      va_start(ap, op);
      switch( op ){
        case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME: {
          /* IMP: R-06824-28531 */
          /* IMP: R-36257-52125 */
          db->aDb[0].zDbSName = va_arg(ap,char*);
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
          void *pBuf = va_arg(ap, void*); /* IMP: R-26835-10964 */
          int sz = va_arg(ap, int);       /* IMP: R-47871-25994 */
          int cnt = va_arg(ap, int);      /* IMP: R-04460-53386 */
          rc = setupLookaside(db, pBuf, sz, cnt);
          break;
        }
        default: {
          static const struct {
            int op;      /* The opcode */
            u32 mask;    /* Mask of the bit in sqlite3.flags to set/clear */
          } aFlagOp[] = {
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY,           SQLITE_ForeignKeys    },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER,        SQLITE_EnableTrigger  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW,           SQLITE_EnableView     },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER, SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, SQLITE_LoadExtension  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE,      SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG,           SQLITE_EnableQPSG     },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP,           SQLITE_TriggerEQP     },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE,        SQLITE_ResetDatabase  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE,             SQLITE_Defensive      },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA,       SQLITE_WriteSchema|
                                                     SQLITE_NoSchemaError  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE,    SQLITE_LegacyAlter    },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL,               SQLITE_DqsDDL         },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML,               SQLITE_DqsDML         },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT,    SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA,        SQLITE_TrustedSchema  },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS,       SQLITE_StmtScanStatus },
            { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER,     SQLITE_ReverseOrder   },
          };
          unsigned int i;
          rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
          for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aFlagOp); i++){
            if( aFlagOp[i].op==op ){
              int onoff = va_arg(ap, int);
              int *pRes = va_arg(ap, int*);
              u64 oldFlags = db->flags;
              if( onoff>0 ){
                db->flags |= aFlagOp[i].mask;
              }else if( onoff==0 ){
                db->flags &= ~(u64)aFlagOp[i].mask;
              }
              if( oldFlags!=db->flags ){
                sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
              }
              if( pRes ){
                *pRes = (db->flags & aFlagOp[i].mask)!=0;
              }
              rc = SQLITE_OK;
              break;
            }
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      va_end(ap);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** This is the default collating function named "BINARY" which is always
    ** available.
    */
    static int binCollFunc(
      void *NotUsed,
      int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
      int nKey2, const void *pKey2
    ){
      int rc, n;
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
      n = nKey1<nKey2 ? nKey1 : nKey2;
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-65033-28449 The built-in BINARY collation compares
      ** strings byte by byte using the memcmp() function from the standard C
      ** library. */
      assert( pKey1 && pKey2 );
      rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
      if( rc==0 ){
        rc = nKey1 - nKey2;
      }
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** This is the collating function named "RTRIM" which is always
    ** available.  Ignore trailing spaces.
    */
    static int rtrimCollFunc(
      void *pUser,
      int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
      int nKey2, const void *pKey2
    ){
      const u8 *pK1 = (const u8*)pKey1;
      const u8 *pK2 = (const u8*)pKey2;
      while( nKey1 && pK1[nKey1-1]==' ' ) nKey1--;
      while( nKey2 && pK2[nKey2-1]==' ' ) nKey2--;
      return binCollFunc(pUser, nKey1, pKey1, nKey2, pKey2);
    }

    /*
    ** Return true if CollSeq is the default built-in BINARY.
    */
    int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq *p){
      assert( p==0 || p->xCmp!=binCollFunc || strcmp(p->zName,"BINARY")==0 );
      return p==0 || p->xCmp==binCollFunc;
    }

    /*
    ** Another built-in collating sequence: NOCASE.
    **
    ** This collating sequence is intended to be used for "case independent
    ** comparison". SQLite's knowledge of upper and lower case equivalents
    ** extends only to the 26 characters used in the English language.
    **
    ** At the moment there is only a UTF-8 implementation.
    */
    static int nocaseCollatingFunc(
      void *NotUsed,
      int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
      int nKey2, const void *pKey2
    ){
      int r = sqlite3StrNICmp(
          (const char *)pKey1, (const char *)pKey2, (nKey1<nKey2)?nKey1:nKey2);
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
      if( 0==r ){
        r = nKey1-nKey2;
      }
      return r;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the ROWID of the most recent insert
    */
    sqlite_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return db->lastRowid;
    }

    /*
    ** Set the value returned by the sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() API function.
    */
    void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_int64 iRowid){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->lastRowid = iRowid;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    }

    /*
    ** Return the number of changes in the most recent call to sqlite3_exec().
    */
    sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return db->nChange;
    }
    int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3 *db){
      return (int)sqlite3_changes64(db);
    }

    /*
    ** Return the number of changes since the database handle was opened.
    */
    sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return db->nTotalChange;
    }
    int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3 *db){
      return (int)sqlite3_total_changes64(db);
    }

    /*
    ** Close all open savepoints. This function only manipulates fields of the
    ** database handle object, it does not close any savepoints that may be open
    ** at the b-tree/pager level.
    */
    void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *db){
      while( db->pSavepoint ){
        Savepoint *pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
        db->pSavepoint = pTmp->pNext;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
      }
      db->nSavepoint = 0;
      db->nStatement = 0;
      db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Invoke the destructor function associated with FuncDef p, if any. Except,
    ** if this is not the last copy of the function, do not invoke it. Multiple
    ** copies of a single function are created when create_function() is called
    ** with SQLITE_ANY as the encoding.
    */
    static void functionDestroy(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *p){
      FuncDestructor *pDestructor;
      assert( (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN)==0 );
      pDestructor = p->u.pDestructor;
      if( pDestructor ){
        pDestructor->nRef--;
        if( pDestructor->nRef==0 ){
          pDestructor->xDestroy(pDestructor->pUserData);
          sqlite3DbFree(db, pDestructor);
        }
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Disconnect all sqlite3_vtab objects that belong to database connection
    ** db. This is called when db is being closed.
    */
    static void disconnectAllVtab(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      int i;
      HashElem *p;
      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
        Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
        if( pSchema ){
          for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
            Table *pTab = (Table *)sqliteHashData(p);
            if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pTab);
          }
        }
      }
      for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
        Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(p);
        if( pMod->pEpoTab ){
          sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pMod->pEpoTab);
        }
      }
      sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    #else
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
    #endif
    }

    /*
    ** Return TRUE if database connection db has unfinalized prepared
    ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects. 
    */
    static int connectionIsBusy(sqlite3 *db){
      int j;
      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
      if( db->pVdbe ) return 1;
      for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
        Btree *pBt = db->aDb[j].pBt;
        if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pBt) ) return 1;
      }
      return 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Close an existing SQLite database
    */
    static int sqlite3Close(sqlite3 *db, int forceZombie){
      if( !db ){
        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-63257-11740 Calling sqlite3_close() or
        ** sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer argument is a harmless no-op. */
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE ){
        db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE, db->pTraceArg, db, 0);
      }

      /* Force xDisconnect calls on all virtual tables */
      disconnectAllVtab(db);

      /* If a transaction is open, the disconnectAllVtab() call above
      ** will not have called the xDisconnect() method on any virtual
      ** tables in the db->aVTrans[] array. The following sqlite3VtabRollback()
      ** call will do so. We need to do this before the check for active
      ** SQL statements below, as the v-table implementation may be storing
      ** some prepared statements internally.
      */
      sqlite3VtabRollback(db);

      /* Legacy behavior (sqlite3_close() behavior) is to return
      ** SQLITE_BUSY if the connection can not be closed immediately.
      */
      if( !forceZombie && connectionIsBusy(db) ){
        sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY, "unable to close due to unfinalized "
           "statements or unfinished backups");
        sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
        return SQLITE_BUSY;
      }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog ){
        /* Closing the handle. Fourth parameter is passed the value 2. */
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pSqllogArg, db, 0, 2);
      }
    #endif

      while( db->pDbData ){
        DbClientData *p = db->pDbData;
        db->pDbData = p->pNext;
        assert( p->pData!=0 );
        if( p->xDestructor ) p->xDestructor(p->pData);
        sqlite3_free(p);
      }

      /* Convert the connection into a zombie and then close it.
      */
      db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE;
      sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(db);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the transaction state for a single databse, or the maximum
    ** transaction state over all attached databases if zSchema is null.
    */
    int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSchema){
      int iDb, nDb;
      int iTxn = -1;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return -1;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( zSchema ){
        nDb = iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zSchema);
        if( iDb<0 ) nDb--;
      }else{
        iDb = 0;
        nDb = db->nDb-1;
      }
      for(; iDb<=nDb; iDb++){
        Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
        int x = pBt!=0 ? sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) : SQLITE_TXN_NONE;
        if( x>iTxn ) iTxn = x;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return iTxn;
    }

    /*
    ** Two variations on the public interface for closing a database
    ** connection. The sqlite3_close() version returns SQLITE_BUSY and
    ** leaves the connection open if there are unfinalized prepared
    ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backups.  The sqlite3_close_v2()
    ** version forces the connection to become a zombie if there are
    ** unclosed resources, and arranges for deallocation when the last
    ** prepare statement or sqlite3_backup closes.
    */
    int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *db){ return sqlite3Close(db,0); }
    int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3 *db){ return sqlite3Close(db,1); }


    /*
    ** Close the mutex on database connection db.
    **
    ** Furthermore, if database connection db is a zombie (meaning that there
    ** has been a prior call to sqlite3_close(db) or sqlite3_close_v2(db)) and
    ** every sqlite3_stmt has now been finalized and every sqlite3_backup has
    ** finished, then free all resources.
    */
    void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3 *db){
      HashElem *i;                    /* Hash table iterator */
      int j;

      /* If there are outstanding sqlite3_stmt or sqlite3_backup objects
      ** or if the connection has not yet been closed by sqlite3_close_v2(),
      ** then just leave the mutex and return.
      */
      if( db->eOpenState!=SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE || connectionIsBusy(db) ){
        sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
        return;
      }

      /* If we reach this point, it means that the database connection has
      ** closed all sqlite3_stmt and sqlite3_backup objects and has been
      ** passed to sqlite3_close (meaning that it is a zombie).  Therefore,
      ** go ahead and free all resources.
      */

      /* If a transaction is open, roll it back. This also ensures that if
      ** any database schemas have been modified by an uncommitted transaction
      ** they are reset. And that the required b-tree mutex is held to make
      ** the pager rollback and schema reset an atomic operation. */
      sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_OK);

      /* Free any outstanding Savepoint structures. */
      sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);

      /* Close all database connections */
      for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
        struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[j];
        if( pDb->pBt ){
          sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
          pDb->pBt = 0;
          if( j!=1 ){
            pDb->pSchema = 0;
          }
        }
      }
      /* Clear the TEMP schema separately and last */
      if( db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
        sqlite3SchemaClear(db->aDb[1].pSchema);
      }
      sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);

      /* Free up the array of auxiliary databases */
      sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
      assert( db->nDb<=2 );
      assert( db->aDb==db->aDbStatic );

      /* Tell the code in notify.c that the connection no longer holds any
      ** locks and does not require any further unlock-notify callbacks.
      */
      sqlite3ConnectionClosed(db);

      for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aFunc); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
        FuncDef *pNext, *p;
        p = sqliteHashData(i);
        do{
          functionDestroy(db, p);
          pNext = p->pNext;
          sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
          p = pNext;
        }while( p );
      }
      sqlite3HashClear(&db->aFunc);
      for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
        CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(i);
        /* Invoke any destructors registered for collation sequence user data. */
        for(j=0; j<3; j++){
          if( pColl[j].xDel ){
            pColl[j].xDel(pColl[j].pUser);
          }
        }
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pColl);
      }
      sqlite3HashClear(&db->aCollSeq);
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
        Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
        sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(db, pMod);
        sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(db, pMod);
      }
      sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
    #endif

      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
      sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);
      sqlite3CloseExtensions(db);
    #if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
      sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthUser);
      sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthPW);
    #endif

      db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_ERROR;

      /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
      ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
      ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
      ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database
      ** structure?
      */
      sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb[1].pSchema);
      if( db->xAutovacDestr ){
        db->xAutovacDestr(db->pAutovacPagesArg);
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED;
      sqlite3_mutex_free(db->mutex);
      assert( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)==0 );
      if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
        sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
      }
      sqlite3_free(db);
    }

    /*
    ** Rollback all database files.  If tripCode is not SQLITE_OK, then
    ** any write cursors are invalidated ("tripped" - as in "tripping a circuit
    ** breaker") and made to return tripCode if there are any further
    ** attempts to use that cursor.  Read cursors remain open and valid
    ** but are "saved" in case the table pages are moved around.
    */
    void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db, int tripCode){
      int i;
      int inTrans = 0;
      int schemaChange;
      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();

      /* Obtain all b-tree mutexes before making any calls to BtreeRollback().
      ** This is important in case the transaction being rolled back has
      ** modified the database schema. If the b-tree mutexes are not taken
      ** here, then another shared-cache connection might sneak in between
      ** the database rollback and schema reset, which can cause false
      ** corruption reports in some cases.  */
      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
      schemaChange = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0 && db->init.busy==0;

      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
        Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
        if( p ){
          if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(p)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
            inTrans = 1;
          }
          sqlite3BtreeRollback(p, tripCode, !schemaChange);
        }
      }
      sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();

      if( schemaChange ){
        sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
        sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
      }
      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);

      /* Any deferred constraint violations have now been resolved. */
      db->nDeferredCons = 0;
      db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
      db->flags &= ~(u64)(SQLITE_DeferFKs|SQLITE_CorruptRdOnly);

      /* If one has been configured, invoke the rollback-hook callback */
      if( db->xRollbackCallback && (inTrans || !db->autoCommit) ){
        db->xRollbackCallback(db->pRollbackArg);
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Return a static string containing the name corresponding to the error code
    ** specified in the argument.
    */
    #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
    const char *sqlite3ErrName(int rc){
      const char *zName = 0;
      int i, origRc = rc;
      for(i=0; i<2 && zName==0; i++, rc &= 0xff){
        switch( rc ){
          case SQLITE_OK:                 zName = "SQLITE_OK";                break;
          case SQLITE_ERROR:              zName = "SQLITE_ERROR";             break;
          case SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT:     zName = "SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT";    break;
          case SQLITE_INTERNAL:           zName = "SQLITE_INTERNAL";          break;
          case SQLITE_PERM:               zName = "SQLITE_PERM";              break;
          case SQLITE_ABORT:              zName = "SQLITE_ABORT";             break;
          case SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK:     zName = "SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK";    break;
          case SQLITE_BUSY:               zName = "SQLITE_BUSY";              break;
          case SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY:      zName = "SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY";     break;
          case SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT:      zName = "SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT";     break;
          case SQLITE_LOCKED:             zName = "SQLITE_LOCKED";            break;
          case SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE: zName = "SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE";break;
          case SQLITE_NOMEM:              zName = "SQLITE_NOMEM";             break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY:           zName = "SQLITE_READONLY";          break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY"; break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT"; break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK"; break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED:   zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED";  break;
          case SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY: zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY";break;
          case SQLITE_INTERRUPT:          zName = "SQLITE_INTERRUPT";         break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR:              zName = "SQLITE_IOERR";             break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_READ:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_READ";        break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ:   zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ";  break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE:        zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE";       break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC:        zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC";       break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC:    zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC";   break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE:     zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE";    break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT:        zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT";       break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK:       zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK";      break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK:       zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK";      break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE:       zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE";      break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM:        zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM";       break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS:       zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS";      break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK"; break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK";        break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE:        zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE";       break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE:    zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE";   break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN:      zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN";     break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE:      zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE";     break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK:      zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK";     break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP:       zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP";      break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK";        break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT: zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT";break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP";        break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH"; break;
          case SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH:     zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH";    break;
          case SQLITE_CORRUPT:            zName = "SQLITE_CORRUPT";           break;
          case SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB:       zName = "SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB";      break;
          case SQLITE_NOTFOUND:           zName = "SQLITE_NOTFOUND";          break;
          case SQLITE_FULL:               zName = "SQLITE_FULL";              break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN:           zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN";          break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR: zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR";break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR:     zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR";    break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH"; break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH"; break;
          case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK:   zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK";  break;
          case SQLITE_PROTOCOL:           zName = "SQLITE_PROTOCOL";          break;
          case SQLITE_EMPTY:              zName = "SQLITE_EMPTY";             break;
          case SQLITE_SCHEMA:             zName = "SQLITE_SCHEMA";            break;
          case SQLITE_TOOBIG:             zName = "SQLITE_TOOBIG";            break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT:         zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT";        break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE:  zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE"; break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER: zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER";break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY";   break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK:   zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK";  break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY";   break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL: zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL";break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK";   break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB:    zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB";   break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION";     break;
          case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID:   zName = "SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID";  break;
          case SQLITE_MISMATCH:           zName = "SQLITE_MISMATCH";          break;
          case SQLITE_MISUSE:             zName = "SQLITE_MISUSE";            break;
          case SQLITE_NOLFS:              zName = "SQLITE_NOLFS";             break;
          case SQLITE_AUTH:               zName = "SQLITE_AUTH";              break;
          case SQLITE_FORMAT:             zName = "SQLITE_FORMAT";            break;
          case SQLITE_RANGE:              zName = "SQLITE_RANGE";             break;
          case SQLITE_NOTADB:             zName = "SQLITE_NOTADB";            break;
          case SQLITE_ROW:                zName = "SQLITE_ROW";               break;
          case SQLITE_NOTICE:             zName = "SQLITE_NOTICE";            break;
          case SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL: zName = "SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL";break;
          case SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK:
                                    zName = "SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK"; break;
          case SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU:         zName = "SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU"; break;
          case SQLITE_WARNING:            zName = "SQLITE_WARNING";           break;
          case SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX:  zName = "SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX"; break;
          case SQLITE_DONE:               zName = "SQLITE_DONE";              break;
        }
      }
      if( zName==0 ){
        static char zBuf[50];
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "SQLITE_UNKNOWN(%d)", origRc);
        zName = zBuf;
      }
      return zName;
    }
    #endif

    /*
    ** Return a static string that describes the kind of error specified in the
    ** argument.
    */
    const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
      static const char* const aMsg[] = {
        /* SQLITE_OK          */ "not an error",
        /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error",
        /* SQLITE_INTERNAL    */ 0,
        /* SQLITE_PERM        */ "access permission denied",
        /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "query aborted",
        /* SQLITE_BUSY        */ "database is locked",
        /* SQLITE_LOCKED      */ "database table is locked",
        /* SQLITE_NOMEM       */ "out of memory",
        /* SQLITE_READONLY    */ "attempt to write a readonly database",
        /* SQLITE_INTERRUPT   */ "interrupted",
        /* SQLITE_IOERR       */ "disk I/O error",
        /* SQLITE_CORRUPT     */ "database disk image is malformed",
        /* SQLITE_NOTFOUND    */ "unknown operation",
        /* SQLITE_FULL        */ "database or disk is full",
        /* SQLITE_CANTOPEN    */ "unable to open database file",
        /* SQLITE_PROTOCOL    */ "locking protocol",
        /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ 0,
        /* SQLITE_SCHEMA      */ "database schema has changed",
        /* SQLITE_TOOBIG      */ "string or blob too big",
        /* SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  */ "constraint failed",
        /* SQLITE_MISMATCH    */ "datatype mismatch",
        /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "bad parameter or other API misuse",
    #ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
        /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ "large file support is disabled",
    #else
        /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ 0,
    #endif
        /* SQLITE_AUTH        */ "authorization denied",
        /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ 0,
        /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "column index out of range",
        /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is not a database",
        /* SQLITE_NOTICE      */ "notification message",
        /* SQLITE_WARNING     */ "warning message",
      };
      const char *zErr = "unknown error";
      switch( rc ){
        case SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK: {
          zErr = "abort due to ROLLBACK";
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_ROW: {
          zErr = "another row available";
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_DONE: {
          zErr = "no more rows available";
          break;
        }
        default: {
          rc &= 0xff;
          if( ALWAYS(rc>=0) && rc<ArraySize(aMsg) && aMsg[rc]!=0 ){
            zErr = aMsg[rc];
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      return zErr;
    }

    /*
    ** This routine implements a busy callback that sleeps and tries
    ** again until a timeout value is reached.  The timeout value is
    ** an integer number of milliseconds passed in as the first
    ** argument.
    **
    ** Return non-zero to retry the lock.  Return zero to stop trying
    ** and cause SQLite to return SQLITE_BUSY.
    */
    static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
      void *ptr,               /* Database connection */
      int count                /* Number of times table has been busy */
    ){
    #if SQLITE_OS_WIN || !defined(HAVE_NANOSLEEP) || HAVE_NANOSLEEP
      /* This case is for systems that have support for sleeping for fractions of
      ** a second.  Examples:  All windows systems, unix systems with nanosleep() */
      static const u8 delays[] =
         { 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25,  25,  50,  50, 100 };
      static const u8 totals[] =
         { 0, 1, 3,  8, 18, 33, 53, 78, 103, 128, 178, 228 };
    # define NDELAY ArraySize(delays)
      sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
      int tmout = db->busyTimeout;
      int delay, prior;

      assert( count>=0 );
      if( count < NDELAY ){
        delay = delays[count];
        prior = totals[count];
      }else{
        delay = delays[NDELAY-1];
        prior = totals[NDELAY-1] + delay*(count-(NDELAY-1));
      }
      if( prior + delay > tmout ){
        delay = tmout - prior;
        if( delay<=0 ) return 0;
      }
      sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, delay*1000);
      return 1;
    #else
      /* This case for unix systems that lack usleep() support.  Sleeping
      ** must be done in increments of whole seconds */
      sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
      int tmout = ((sqlite3 *)ptr)->busyTimeout;
      if( (count+1)*1000 > tmout ){
        return 0;
      }
      sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, 1000000);
      return 1;
    #endif
    }

    /*
    ** Invoke the given busy handler.
    **
    ** This routine is called when an operation failed to acquire a
    ** lock on VFS file pFile.
    **
    ** If this routine returns non-zero, the lock is retried.  If it
    ** returns 0, the operation aborts with an SQLITE_BUSY error.
    */
    int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p){
      int rc;
      if( p->xBusyHandler==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
      rc = p->xBusyHandler(p->pBusyArg, p->nBusy);
      if( rc==0 ){
        p->nBusy = -1;
      }else{
        p->nBusy++;
      }
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** This routine sets the busy callback for an Sqlite database to the
    ** given callback function with the given argument.
    */
    int sqlite3_busy_handler(
      sqlite3 *db,
      int (*xBusy)(void*,int),
      void *pArg
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->busyHandler.xBusyHandler = xBusy;
      db->busyHandler.pBusyArg = pArg;
      db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
      db->busyTimeout = 0;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
    /*
    ** This routine sets the progress callback for an Sqlite database to the
    ** given callback function with the given argument. The progress callback will
    ** be invoked every nOps opcodes.
    */
    void sqlite3_progress_handler(
      sqlite3 *db,
      int nOps,
      int (*xProgress)(void*),
      void *pArg
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( nOps>0 ){
        db->xProgress = xProgress;
        db->nProgressOps = (unsigned)nOps;
        db->pProgressArg = pArg;
      }else{
        db->xProgress = 0;
        db->nProgressOps = 0;
        db->pProgressArg = 0;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    }
    #endif


    /*
    ** This routine installs a default busy handler that waits for the
    ** specified number of milliseconds before returning 0.
    */
    int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3 *db, int ms){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      if( ms>0 ){
        sqlite3_busy_handler(db, (int(*)(void*,int))sqliteDefaultBusyCallback,
                                 (void*)db);
        db->busyTimeout = ms;
      }else{
        sqlite3_busy_handler(db, 0, 0);
      }
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Cause any pending operation to stop at its earliest opportunity.
    */
    void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db)
       && (db==0 || db->eOpenState!=SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE)
      ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return;
      }
    #endif
      AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 1);
    }

    /*
    ** Return true or false depending on whether or not an interrupt is
    ** pending on connection db.
    */
    int sqlite3_is_interrupted(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db)
       && (db==0 || db->eOpenState!=SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE)
      ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted)!=0;
    }

    /*
    ** This function is exactly the same as sqlite3_create_function(), except
    ** that it is designed to be called by internal code. The difference is
    ** that if a malloc() fails in sqlite3_create_function(), an error code
    ** is returned and the mallocFailed flag cleared.
    */
    int sqlite3CreateFunc(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zFunctionName,
      int nArg,
      int enc,
      void *pUserData,
      void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      FuncDestructor *pDestructor
    ){
      FuncDef *p;
      int extraFlags;

      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
      assert( xValue==0 || xSFunc==0 );
      if( zFunctionName==0                /* Must have a valid name */
       || (xSFunc!=0 && xFinal!=0)        /* Not both xSFunc and xFinal */
       || ((xFinal==0)!=(xStep==0))       /* Both or neither of xFinal and xStep */
       || ((xValue==0)!=(xInverse==0))    /* Both or neither of xValue, xInverse */
       || (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG)
       || (255<sqlite3Strlen30(zFunctionName))
      ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }

      assert( SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT==SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC );
      assert( SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT==SQLITE_DIRECTONLY );
      extraFlags = enc &  (SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|
                           SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE);
      enc &= (SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK|SQLITE_ANY);

      /* The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag is the same bit as SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE.  But
      ** the meaning is inverted.  So flip the bit. */
      assert( SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE==SQLITE_INNOCUOUS );
      extraFlags ^= SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE;  /* tag-20230109-1 */

     
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
      /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
      ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
      ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
      **
      ** If SQLITE_ANY is specified, add three versions of the function
      ** to the hash table.
      */
      switch( enc ){
        case SQLITE_UTF16:
          enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
          break;
        case SQLITE_ANY: {
          int rc;
          rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg,
               (SQLITE_UTF8|extraFlags)^SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, /* tag-20230109-1 */
               pUserData, xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pDestructor);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg,
                 (SQLITE_UTF16LE|extraFlags)^SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, /* tag-20230109-1*/
                 pUserData, xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pDestructor);
          }
          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
            return rc;
          }
          enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_UTF8:
        case SQLITE_UTF16LE:
        case SQLITE_UTF16BE:
          break;
        default:
          enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
          break;
      }
    #else
      enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
    #endif
     
      /* Check if an existing function is being overridden or deleted. If so,
      ** and there are active VMs, then return SQLITE_BUSY. If a function
      ** is being overridden/deleted but there are no active VMs, allow the
      ** operation to continue but invalidate all precompiled statements.
      */
      p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nArg, (u8)enc, 0);
      if( p && (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK)==(u32)enc && p->nArg==nArg ){
        if( db->nVdbeActive ){
          sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY,
            "unable to delete/modify user-function due to active statements");
          assert( !db->mallocFailed );
          return SQLITE_BUSY;
        }else{
          sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
        }
      }else if( xSFunc==0 && xFinal==0 ){
        /* Trying to delete a function that does not exist.  This is a no-op.
        ** https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/726219164b */
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }

      p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nArg, (u8)enc, 1);
      assert(p || db->mallocFailed);
      if( !p ){
        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      }

      /* If an older version of the function with a configured destructor is
      ** being replaced invoke the destructor function here. */
      functionDestroy(db, p);

      if( pDestructor ){
        pDestructor->nRef++;
      }
      p->u.pDestructor = pDestructor;
      p->funcFlags = (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK) | extraFlags;
      testcase( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC );
      testcase( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_DIRECTONLY );
      p->xSFunc = xSFunc ? xSFunc : xStep;
      p->xFinalize = xFinal;
      p->xValue = xValue;
      p->xInverse = xInverse;
      p->pUserData = pUserData;
      p->nArg = (u16)nArg;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Worker function used by utf-8 APIs that create new functions:
    **
    **    sqlite3_create_function()
    **    sqlite3_create_function_v2()
    **    sqlite3_create_window_function()
    */
    static int createFunctionApi(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zFunc,
      int nArg,
      int enc,
      void *p,
      void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
      void(*xDestroy)(void*)
    ){
      int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      FuncDestructor *pArg = 0;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( xDestroy ){
        pArg = (FuncDestructor *)sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(FuncDestructor));
        if( !pArg ){
          sqlite3OomFault(db);
          xDestroy(p);
          goto out;
        }
        pArg->nRef = 0;
        pArg->xDestroy = xDestroy;
        pArg->pUserData = p;
      }
      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p,
          xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pArg
      );
      if( pArg && pArg->nRef==0 ){
        assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (xStep==0 && xFinal==0) );
        xDestroy(p);
        sqlite3_free(pArg);
      }

     out:
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Create new user functions.
    */
    int sqlite3_create_function(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zFunc,
      int nArg,
      int enc,
      void *p,
      void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
    ){
      return createFunctionApi(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, xSFunc, xStep,
                                        xFinal, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zFunc,
      int nArg,
      int enc,
      void *p,
      void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xDestroy)(void *)
    ){
      return createFunctionApi(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, xSFunc, xStep,
                                        xFinal, 0, 0, xDestroy);
    }
    int sqlite3_create_window_function(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zFunc,
      int nArg,
      int enc,
      void *p,
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
      void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
      void (*xDestroy)(void *)
    ){
      return createFunctionApi(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, 0, xStep,
                                        xFinal, xValue, xInverse, xDestroy);
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
    int sqlite3_create_function16(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const void *zFunctionName,
      int nArg,
      int eTextRep,
      void *p,
      void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
      void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
      void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
    ){
      int rc;
      char *zFunc8;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zFunctionName==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
      zFunc8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zFunctionName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc8, nArg, eTextRep, p, xSFunc,xStep,xFinal,0,0,0);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zFunc8);
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }
    #endif


    /*
    ** The following is the implementation of an SQL function that always
    ** fails with an error message stating that the function is used in the
    ** wrong context.  The sqlite3_overload_function() API might construct
    ** SQL function that use this routine so that the functions will exist
    ** for name resolution but are actually overloaded by the xFindFunction
    ** method of virtual tables.
    */
    static void sqlite3InvalidFunction(
      sqlite3_context *context,  /* The function calling context */
      int NotUsed,               /* Number of arguments to the function */
      sqlite3_value **NotUsed2   /* Value of each argument */
    ){
      const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_user_data(context);
      char *zErr;
      UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
      zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
          "unable to use function %s in the requested context", zName);
      sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
      sqlite3_free(zErr);
    }

    /*
    ** Declare that a function has been overloaded by a virtual table.
    **
    ** If the function already exists as a regular global function, then
    ** this routine is a no-op.  If the function does not exist, then create
    ** a new one that always throws a run-time error. 
    **
    ** When virtual tables intend to provide an overloaded function, they
    ** should call this routine to make sure the global function exists.
    ** A global function must exist in order for name resolution to work
    ** properly.
    */
    int sqlite3_overload_function(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zName,
      int nArg
    ){
      int rc;
      char *zCopy;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zName==0 || nArg<-2 ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      rc = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)!=0;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      if( rc ) return SQLITE_OK;
      zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zName);
      if( zCopy==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
                               zCopy, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0, sqlite3_free);
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
    /*
    ** Register a trace function.  The pArg from the previously registered trace
    ** is returned. 
    **
    ** A NULL trace function means that no tracing is executes.  A non-NULL
    ** trace is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the start of each
    ** SQL statement.
    */
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
    void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3 *db, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void *pArg){
      void *pOld;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pOld = db->pTraceArg;
      db->mTrace = xTrace ? SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY : 0;
      db->trace.xLegacy = xTrace;
      db->pTraceArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pOld;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */

    /* Register a trace callback using the version-2 interface.
    */
    int sqlite3_trace_v2(
      sqlite3 *db,                               /* Trace this connection */
      unsigned mTrace,                           /* Mask of events to be traced */
      int(*xTrace)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),  /* Callback to invoke */
      void *pArg                                 /* Context */
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( mTrace==0 ) xTrace = 0;
      if( xTrace==0 ) mTrace = 0;
      db->mTrace = mTrace;
      db->trace.xV2 = xTrace;
      db->pTraceArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
    /*
    ** Register a profile function.  The pArg from the previously registered
    ** profile function is returned. 
    **
    ** A NULL profile function means that no profiling is executes.  A non-NULL
    ** profile is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the conclusion of
    ** each SQL statement that is run.
    */
    void *sqlite3_profile(
      sqlite3 *db,
      void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),
      void *pArg
    ){
      void *pOld;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pOld = db->pProfileArg;
      db->xProfile = xProfile;
      db->pProfileArg = pArg;
      db->mTrace &= SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK;
      if( db->xProfile ) db->mTrace |= SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pOld;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */

    /*
    ** Register a function to be invoked when a transaction commits.
    ** If the invoked function returns non-zero, then the commit becomes a
    ** rollback.
    */
    void *sqlite3_commit_hook(
      sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
      int (*xCallback)(void*),  /* Function to invoke on each commit */
      void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
    ){
      void *pOld;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pOld = db->pCommitArg;
      db->xCommitCallback = xCallback;
      db->pCommitArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pOld;
    }

    /*
    ** Register a callback to be invoked each time a row is updated,
    ** inserted or deleted using this database connection.
    */
    void *sqlite3_update_hook(
      sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
      void (*xCallback)(void*,int,char const *,char const *,sqlite_int64),
      void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
    ){
      void *pRet;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pRet = db->pUpdateArg;
      db->xUpdateCallback = xCallback;
      db->pUpdateArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pRet;
    }

    /*
    ** Register a callback to be invoked each time a transaction is rolled
    ** back by this database connection.
    */
    void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(
      sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
      void (*xCallback)(void*), /* Callback function */
      void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
    ){
      void *pRet;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pRet = db->pRollbackArg;
      db->xRollbackCallback = xCallback;
      db->pRollbackArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pRet;
    }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
    /*
    ** Register a callback to be invoked each time a row is updated,
    ** inserted or deleted using this database connection.
    */
    void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
      sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
      void(*xCallback)(         /* Callback function */
        void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64),
      void *pArg                /* First callback argument */
    ){
      void *pRet;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( db==0 ){
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pRet = db->pPreUpdateArg;
      db->xPreUpdateCallback = xCallback;
      db->pPreUpdateArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pRet;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */

    /*
    ** Register a function to be invoked prior to each autovacuum that
    ** determines the number of pages to vacuum.
    */
    int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
      sqlite3 *db,                 /* Attach the hook to this database */
      unsigned int (*xCallback)(void*,const char*,u32,u32,u32),
      void *pArg,                  /* Argument to the function */
      void (*xDestructor)(void*)   /* Destructor for pArg */
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        if( xDestructor ) xDestructor(pArg);
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( db->xAutovacDestr ){
        db->xAutovacDestr(db->pAutovacPagesArg);
      }
      db->xAutovacPages = xCallback;
      db->pAutovacPagesArg = pArg;
      db->xAutovacDestr = xDestructor;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }


    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
    /*
    ** The sqlite3_wal_hook() callback registered by sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint().
    ** Invoke sqlite3_wal_checkpoint if the number of frames in the log file
    ** is greater than sqlite3.pWalArg cast to an integer (the value configured by
    ** wal_autocheckpoint()).
    */
    int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(
      void *pClientData,     /* Argument */
      sqlite3 *db,           /* Connection */
      const char *zDb,       /* Database */
      int nFrame             /* Size of WAL */
    ){
      if( nFrame>=SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pClientData) ){
        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
        sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(db, zDb);
        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
      }
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */

    /*
    ** Configure an sqlite3_wal_hook() callback to automatically checkpoint
    ** a database after committing a transaction if there are nFrame or
    ** more frames in the log file. Passing zero or a negative value as the
    ** nFrame parameter disables automatic checkpoints entirely.
    **
    ** The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
    ** registered using sqlite3_wal_hook(). Likewise, registering a callback
    ** using sqlite3_wal_hook() disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
    ** configured by this function.
    */
    int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int nFrame){
    #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(nFrame);
    #else
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      if( nFrame>0 ){
        sqlite3_wal_hook(db, sqlite3WalDefaultHook, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(nFrame));
      }else{
        sqlite3_wal_hook(db, 0, 0);
      }
    #endif
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Register a callback to be invoked each time a transaction is written
    ** into the write-ahead-log by this database connection.
    */
    void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
      sqlite3 *db,                    /* Attach the hook to this db handle */
      int(*xCallback)(void *, sqlite3*, const char*, int),
      void *pArg                      /* First argument passed to xCallback() */
    ){
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      void *pRet;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pRet = db->pWalArg;
      db->xWalCallback = xCallback;
      db->pWalArg = pArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return pRet;
    #else
      return 0;
    #endif
    }

    /*
    ** Checkpoint database zDb.
    */
    int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
      sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
      const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
      int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
      int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
      int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      return SQLITE_OK;
    #else
      int rc;                         /* Return code */
      int iDb;                        /* Schema to checkpoint */

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif

      /* Initialize the output variables to -1 in case an error occurs. */
      if( pnLog ) *pnLog = -1;
      if( pnCkpt ) *pnCkpt = -1;

      assert( SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE==0 );
      assert( SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL==1 );
      assert( SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART==2 );
      assert( SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE==3 );
      if( eMode<SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE || eMode>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE ){
        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-03996-12088 The M parameter must be a valid checkpoint
        ** mode: */
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }

      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( zDb && zDb[0] ){
        iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
      }else{
        iDb = SQLITE_MAX_DB;   /* This means process all schemas */
      }
      if( iDb<0 ){
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
        sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "unknown database: %s", zDb);
      }else{
        db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
        rc = sqlite3Checkpoint(db, iDb, eMode, pnLog, pnCkpt);
        sqlite3Error(db, rc);
      }
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);

      /* If there are no active statements, clear the interrupt flag at this
      ** point.  */
      if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
        AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 0);
      }

      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    #endif
    }


    /*
    ** Checkpoint database zDb. If zDb is NULL, or if the buffer zDb points
    ** to contains a zero-length string, all attached databases are
    ** checkpointed.
    */
    int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-41613-20553 The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
      ** sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE,0,0). */
      return sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(db,zDb,SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE,0,0);
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
    /*
    ** Run a checkpoint on database iDb. This is a no-op if database iDb is
    ** not currently open in WAL mode.
    **
    ** If a transaction is open on the database being checkpointed, this
    ** function returns SQLITE_LOCKED and a checkpoint is not attempted. If
    ** an error occurs while running the checkpoint, an SQLite error code is
    ** returned (i.e. SQLITE_IOERR). Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
    **
    ** The mutex on database handle db should be held by the caller. The mutex
    ** associated with the specific b-tree being checkpointed is taken by
    ** this function while the checkpoint is running.
    **
    ** If iDb is passed SQLITE_MAX_DB then all attached databases are
    ** checkpointed. If an error is encountered it is returned immediately -
    ** no attempt is made to checkpoint any remaining databases.
    **
    ** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL, RESTART
    ** or TRUNCATE.
    */
    int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, int eMode, int *pnLog, int *pnCkpt){
      int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
      int i;                          /* Used to iterate through attached dbs */
      int bBusy = 0;                  /* True if SQLITE_BUSY has been encountered */

      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
      assert( !pnLog || *pnLog==-1 );
      assert( !pnCkpt || *pnCkpt==-1 );
      testcase( iDb==SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED ); /* See forum post a006d86f72 */
      testcase( iDb==SQLITE_MAX_DB );

      for(i=0; i<db->nDb && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
        if( i==iDb || iDb==SQLITE_MAX_DB ){
          rc = sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(db->aDb[i].pBt, eMode, pnLog, pnCkpt);
          pnLog = 0;
          pnCkpt = 0;
          if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
            bBusy = 1;
            rc = SQLITE_OK;
          }
        }
      }

      return (rc==SQLITE_OK && bBusy) ? SQLITE_BUSY : rc;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */

    /*
    ** This function returns true if main-memory should be used instead of
    ** a temporary file for transient pager files and statement journals.
    ** The value returned depends on the value of db->temp_store (runtime
    ** parameter) and the compile time value of SQLITE_TEMP_STORE. The
    ** following table describes the relationship between these two values
    ** and this functions return value.
    **
    **   SQLITE_TEMP_STORE     db->temp_store     Location of temporary database
    **   -----------------     --------------     ------------------------------
    **   0                     any                file      (return 0)
    **   1                     1                  file      (return 0)
    **   1                     2                  memory    (return 1)
    **   1                     0                  file      (return 0)
    **   2                     1                  file      (return 0)
    **   2                     2                  memory    (return 1)
    **   2                     0                  memory    (return 1)
    **   3                     any                memory    (return 1)
    */
    int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3 *db){
    #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1
      return ( db->temp_store==2 );
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2
      return ( db->temp_store!=1 );
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
      return 1;
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE<1 || SQLITE_TEMP_STORE>3
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
      return 0;
    #endif
    }

    /*
    ** Return UTF-8 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
    ** error.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3 *db){
      const char *z;
      if( !db ){
        return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
      }
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
        return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT);
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( db->mallocFailed ){
        z = sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
      }else{
        testcase( db->pErr==0 );
        z = db->errCode ? (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr) : 0;
        assert( !db->mallocFailed );
        if( z==0 ){
          z = sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode);
        }
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return z;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the byte offset of the most recent error
    */
    int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db){
      int iOffset = -1;
      if( db && sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) && db->errCode ){
        sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
        iOffset = db->errByteOffset;
        sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      }
      return iOffset;
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
    /*
    ** Return UTF-16 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
    ** error.
    */
    const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3 *db){
      static const u16 outOfMem[] = {
        'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 'o', 'f', ' ', 'm', 'e', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'y', 0
      };
      static const u16 misuse[] = {
        'b', 'a', 'd', ' ', 'p', 'a', 'r', 'a', 'm', 'e', 't', 'e', 'r', ' ',
        'o', 'r', ' ', 'o', 't', 'h', 'e', 'r', ' ', 'A', 'P', 'I', ' ',
        'm', 'i', 's', 'u', 's', 'e', 0
      };

      const void *z;
      if( !db ){
        return (void *)outOfMem;
      }
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
        return (void *)misuse;
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( db->mallocFailed ){
        z = (void *)outOfMem;
      }else{
        z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
        if( z==0 ){
          sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, db->errCode, sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode));
          z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
        }
        /* A malloc() may have failed within the call to sqlite3_value_text16()
        ** above. If this is the case, then the db->mallocFailed flag needs to
        ** be cleared before returning. Do this directly, instead of via
        ** sqlite3ApiExit(), to avoid setting the database handle error message.
        */
        sqlite3OomClear(db);
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return z;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

    /*
    ** Return the most recent error code generated by an SQLite routine. If NULL is
    ** passed to this function, we assume a malloc() failed during sqlite3_open().
    */
    int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
      if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
      if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      }
      return db->errCode & db->errMask;
    }
    int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
      if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
      if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      }
      return db->errCode;
    }
    int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3 *db){
      return db ? db->iSysErrno : 0;
    } 

    /*
    ** Return a string that describes the kind of error specified in the
    ** argument.  For now, this simply calls the internal sqlite3ErrStr()
    ** function.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_errstr(int rc){
      return sqlite3ErrStr(rc);
    }

    /*
    ** Create a new collating function for database "db".  The name is zName
    ** and the encoding is enc.
    */
    static int createCollation(
      sqlite3* db,
      const char *zName,
      u8 enc,
      void* pCtx,
      int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
      void(*xDel)(void*)
    ){
      CollSeq *pColl;
      int enc2;
     
      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );

      /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
      ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
      ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
      */
      enc2 = enc;
      testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 );
      testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED );
      if( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 || enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED ){
        enc2 = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
      }
      if( enc2<SQLITE_UTF8 || enc2>SQLITE_UTF16BE ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }

      /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation
      ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
      ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
      */
      pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 0);
      if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
        if( db->nVdbeActive ){
          sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY,
            "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
          return SQLITE_BUSY;
        }
        sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);

        /* If collation sequence pColl was created directly by a call to
        ** sqlite3_create_collation, and not generated by synthCollSeq(),
        ** then any copies made by synthCollSeq() need to be invalidated.
        ** Also, collation destructor - CollSeq.xDel() - function may need
        ** to be called.
        */
        if( (pColl->enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)==enc2 ){
          CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName);
          int j;
          for(j=0; j<3; j++){
            CollSeq *p = &aColl[j];
            if( p->enc==pColl->enc ){
              if( p->xDel ){
                p->xDel(p->pUser);
              }
              p->xCmp = 0;
            }
          }
        }
      }

      pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 1);
      if( pColl==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      pColl->xCmp = xCompare;
      pColl->pUser = pCtx;
      pColl->xDel = xDel;
      pColl->enc = (u8)(enc2 | (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED));
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }


    /*
    ** This array defines hard upper bounds on limit values.  The
    ** initializer must be kept in sync with the SQLITE_LIMIT_*
    ** #defines in sqlite3.h.
    */
    static const int aHardLimit[] = {
      SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH,
      SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH,
      SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN,
      SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH,
      SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT,
      SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP,
      SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG,
      SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED,
      SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH,
      SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER,      /* IMP: R-38091-32352 */
      SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH,
      SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS,
    };

    /*
    ** Make sure the hard limits are set to reasonable values
    */
    #if SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH<100
    # error SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH must be at least 100
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH<100
    # error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must be at least 100
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH>SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
    # error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must not be greater than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT<2
    # error SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT must be at least 2
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP<40
    # error SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP must be at least 40
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>127
    # error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 127
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED<0 || SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>125
    # error SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED must be between 0 and 125
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH<1
    # error SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH must be at least 1
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN>32767
    # error SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN must not exceed 32767
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH<1
    # error SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH must be at least 1
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS<0 || SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>50
    # error SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS must be between 0 and 50
    #endif


    /*
    ** Change the value of a limit.  Report the old value.
    ** If an invalid limit index is supplied, report -1.
    ** Make no changes but still report the old value if the
    ** new limit is negative.
    **
    ** A new lower limit does not shrink existing constructs.
    ** It merely prevents new constructs that exceed the limit
    ** from forming.
    */
    int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3 *db, int limitId, int newLimit){
      int oldLimit;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return -1;
      }
    #endif

      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-30189-54097 For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_NAME
      ** there is a hard upper bound set at compile-time by a C preprocessor
      ** macro called SQLITE_MAX_NAME. (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to
      ** "_MAX_".)
      */
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]==SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]==SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]==SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]==SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]==SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT);
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]==SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]==SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]==SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]==
                                                   SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]==SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER);
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]==SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH );
      assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]==SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS );
      assert( SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS==(SQLITE_N_LIMIT-1) );


      if( limitId<0 || limitId>=SQLITE_N_LIMIT ){
        return -1;
      }
      oldLimit = db->aLimit[limitId];
      if( newLimit>=0 ){                   /* IMP: R-52476-28732 */
        if( newLimit>aHardLimit[limitId] ){
          newLimit = aHardLimit[limitId];  /* IMP: R-51463-25634 */
        }else if( newLimit<1 && limitId==SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH ){
          newLimit = 1;
        }
        db->aLimit[limitId] = newLimit;
      }
      return oldLimit;                     /* IMP: R-53341-35419 */
    }

    /*
    ** This function is used to parse both URIs and non-URI filenames passed by the
    ** user to API functions sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2(), and for database
    ** URIs specified as part of ATTACH statements.
    **
    ** The first argument to this function is the name of the VFS to use (or
    ** a NULL to signify the default VFS) if the URI does not contain a "vfs=xxx"
    ** query parameter. The second argument contains the URI (or non-URI filename)
    ** itself. When this function is called the *pFlags variable should contain
    ** the default flags to open the database handle with. The value stored in
    ** *pFlags may be updated before returning if the URI filename contains
    ** "cache=xxx" or "mode=xxx" query parameters.
    **
    ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. In this case *ppVfs is set to point to
    ** the VFS that should be used to open the database file. *pzFile is set to
    ** point to a buffer containing the name of the file to open.  The value
    ** stored in *pzFile is a database name acceptable to sqlite3_uri_parameter()
    ** and is in the same format as names created using sqlite3_create_filename().
    ** The caller must invoke sqlite3_free_filename() (not sqlite3_free()!) on
    ** the value returned in *pzFile to avoid a memory leak.
    **
    ** If an error occurs, then an SQLite error code is returned and *pzErrMsg
    ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
    ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually release
    ** this buffer by calling sqlite3_free().
    */
    int sqlite3ParseUri(
      const char *zDefaultVfs,        /* VFS to use if no "vfs=xxx" query option */
      const char *zUri,               /* Nul-terminated URI to parse */
      unsigned int *pFlags,           /* IN/OUT: SQLITE_OPEN_XXX flags */
      sqlite3_vfs **ppVfs,            /* OUT: VFS to use */
      char **pzFile,                  /* OUT: Filename component of URI */
      char **pzErrMsg                 /* OUT: Error message (if rc!=SQLITE_OK) */
    ){
      int rc = SQLITE_OK;
      unsigned int flags = *pFlags;
      const char *zVfs = zDefaultVfs;
      char *zFile;
      char c;
      int nUri = sqlite3Strlen30(zUri);

      assert( *pzErrMsg==0 );

      if( ((flags & SQLITE_OPEN_URI)                     /* IMP: R-48725-32206 */
           || AtomicLoad(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.bOpenUri)) /* IMP: R-51689-46548 */
       && nUri>=5 && memcmp(zUri, "file:", 5)==0         /* IMP: R-57884-37496 */
      ){
        char *zOpt;
        int eState;                   /* Parser state when parsing URI */
        int iIn;                      /* Input character index */
        int iOut = 0;                 /* Output character index */
        u64 nByte = nUri+8;           /* Bytes of space to allocate */

        /* Make sure the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set to indicate to the VFS xOpen
        ** method that there may be extra parameters following the file-name.  */
        flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_URI;

        for(iIn=0; iIn<nUri; iIn++) nByte += (zUri[iIn]=='&');
        zFile = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
        if( !zFile ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;

        memset(zFile, 0, 4);  /* 4-byte of 0x00 is the start of DB name marker */
        zFile += 4;

        iIn = 5;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
        if( strncmp(zUri+5, "///", 3)==0 ){
          iIn = 7;
          /* The following condition causes URIs with five leading / characters
          ** like file://///host/path to be converted into UNCs like //host/path.
          ** The correct URI for that UNC has only two or four leading / characters
          ** file://host/path or file:////host/path.  But 5 leading slashes is a
          ** common error, we are told, so we handle it as a special case. */
          if( strncmp(zUri+7, "///", 3)==0 ){ iIn++; }
        }else if( strncmp(zUri+5, "//localhost/", 12)==0 ){
          iIn = 16;
        }
    #else
        /* Discard the scheme and authority segments of the URI. */
        if( zUri[5]=='/' && zUri[6]=='/' ){
          iIn = 7;
          while( zUri[iIn] && zUri[iIn]!='/' ) iIn++;
          if( iIn!=7 && (iIn!=16 || memcmp("localhost", &zUri[7], 9)) ){
            *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("invalid uri authority: %.*s",
                iIn-7, &zUri[7]);
            rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
            goto parse_uri_out;
          }
        }
    #endif

        /* Copy the filename and any query parameters into the zFile buffer.
        ** Decode %HH escape codes along the way.
        **
        ** Within this loop, variable eState may be set to 0, 1 or 2, depending
        ** on the parsing context. As follows:
        **
        **   0: Parsing file-name.
        **   1: Parsing name section of a name=value query parameter.
        **   2: Parsing value section of a name=value query parameter.
        */
        eState = 0;
        while( (c = zUri[iIn])!=0 && c!='#' ){
          iIn++;
          if( c=='%'
           && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn])
           && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn+1])
          ){
            int octet = (sqlite3HexToInt(zUri[iIn++]) << 4);
            octet += sqlite3HexToInt(zUri[iIn++]);

            assert( octet>=0 && octet<256 );
            if( octet==0 ){
    #ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR
              /* This branch is taken when "%00" appears within the URI. In this
              ** case we ignore all text in the remainder of the path, name or
              ** value currently being parsed. So ignore the current character
              ** and skip to the next "?", "=" or "&", as appropriate. */
              while( (c = zUri[iIn])!=0 && c!='#'
                  && (eState!=0 || c!='?')
                  && (eState!=1 || (c!='=' && c!='&'))
                  && (eState!=2 || c!='&')
              ){
                iIn++;
              }
              continue;
    #else
              /* If ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR is defined, "%00" in a URI is an error. */
              *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("unexpected %%00 in uri");
              rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
              goto parse_uri_out;
    #endif
            }
            c = octet;
          }else if( eState==1 && (c=='&' || c=='=') ){
            if( zFile[iOut-1]==0 ){
              /* An empty option name. Ignore this option altogether. */
              while( zUri[iIn] && zUri[iIn]!='#' && zUri[iIn-1]!='&' ) iIn++;
              continue;
            }
            if( c=='&' ){
              zFile[iOut++] = '\0';
            }else{
              eState = 2;
            }
            c = 0;
          }else if( (eState==0 && c=='?') || (eState==2 && c=='&') ){
            c = 0;
            eState = 1;
          }
          zFile[iOut++] = c;
        }
        if( eState==1 ) zFile[iOut++] = '\0';
        memset(zFile+iOut, 0, 4); /* end-of-options + empty journal filenames */

        /* Check if there were any options specified that should be interpreted
        ** here. Options that are interpreted here include "vfs" and those that
        ** correspond to flags that may be passed to the sqlite3_open_v2()
        ** method. */
        zOpt = &zFile[sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1];
        while( zOpt[0] ){
          int nOpt = sqlite3Strlen30(zOpt);
          char *zVal = &zOpt[nOpt+1];
          int nVal = sqlite3Strlen30(zVal);

          if( nOpt==3 && memcmp("vfs", zOpt, 3)==0 ){
            zVfs = zVal;
          }else{
            struct OpenMode {
              const char *z;
              int mode;
            } *aMode = 0;
            char *zModeType = 0;
            int mask = 0;
            int limit = 0;

            if( nOpt==5 && memcmp("cache", zOpt, 5)==0 ){
              static struct OpenMode aCacheMode[] = {
                { "shared",  SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE },
                { "private", SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE },
                { 0, 0 }
              };

              mask = SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE|SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE;
              aMode = aCacheMode;
              limit = mask;
              zModeType = "cache";
            }
            if( nOpt==4 && memcmp("mode", zOpt, 4)==0 ){
              static struct OpenMode aOpenMode[] = {
                { "ro",  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY },
                { "rw",  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE },
                { "rwc", SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE },
                { "memory", SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY },
                { 0, 0 }
              };

              mask = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
                       | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY;
              aMode = aOpenMode;
              limit = mask & flags;
              zModeType = "access";
            }

            if( aMode ){
              int i;
              int mode = 0;
              for(i=0; aMode[i].z; i++){
                const char *z = aMode[i].z;
                if( nVal==sqlite3Strlen30(z) && 0==memcmp(zVal, z, nVal) ){
                  mode = aMode[i].mode;
                  break;
                }
              }
              if( mode==0 ){
                *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("no such %s mode: %s", zModeType, zVal);
                rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
                goto parse_uri_out;
              }
              if( (mode & ~SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY)>limit ){
                *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s mode not allowed: %s",
                                            zModeType, zVal);
                rc = SQLITE_PERM;
                goto parse_uri_out;
              }
              flags = (flags & ~mask) | mode;
            }
          }

          zOpt = &zVal[nVal+1];
        }

      }else{
        zFile = sqlite3_malloc64(nUri+8);
        if( !zFile ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
        memset(zFile, 0, 4);
        zFile += 4;
        if( nUri ){
          memcpy(zFile, zUri, nUri);
        }
        memset(zFile+nUri, 0, 4);
        flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
      }

      *ppVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zVfs);
      if( *ppVfs==0 ){
        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("no such vfs: %s", zVfs);
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
     parse_uri_out:
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3_free_filename(zFile);
        zFile = 0;
      }
      *pFlags = flags;
      *pzFile = zFile;
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** This routine does the core work of extracting URI parameters from a
    ** database filename for the sqlite3_uri_parameter() interface.
    */
    static const char *uriParameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam){
      zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      while( ALWAYS(zFilename!=0) && zFilename[0] ){
        int x = strcmp(zFilename, zParam);
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
        if( x==0 ) return zFilename;
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      }
      return 0;
    }



    /*
    ** This routine does the work of opening a database on behalf of
    ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16(). The database filename "zFilename" 
    ** is UTF-8 encoded.
    */
    static int openDatabase(
      const char *zFilename, /* Database filename UTF-8 encoded */
      sqlite3 **ppDb,        /* OUT: Returned database handle */
      unsigned int flags,    /* Operational flags */
      const char *zVfs       /* Name of the VFS to use */
    ){
      sqlite3 *db;                    /* Store allocated handle here */
      int rc;                         /* Return code */
      int isThreadsafe;               /* True for threadsafe connections */
      char *zOpen = 0;                /* Filename argument to pass to BtreeOpen() */
      char *zErrMsg = 0;              /* Error message from sqlite3ParseUri() */
      int i;                          /* Loop counter */

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( ppDb==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      *ppDb = 0;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
      rc = sqlite3_initialize();
      if( rc ) return rc;
    #endif

      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
        isThreadsafe = 0;
      }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
        isThreadsafe = 0;
      }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX ){
        isThreadsafe = 1;
      }else{
        isThreadsafe = sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex;
      }

      if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE ){
        flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
      }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled ){
        flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
      }

      /* Remove harmful bits from the flags parameter
      **
      ** The SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX and SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX flags were
      ** dealt with in the previous code block.  Besides these, the only
      ** valid input flags for sqlite3_open_v2() are SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY,
      ** SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE,
      ** SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE, SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE, and some reserved
      ** bits.  Silently mask off all other flags.
      */
      flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX |
                   SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
                 );

      /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
      db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
      if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
      if( isThreadsafe
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
       || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex
    #endif
      ){
        db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
        if( db->mutex==0 ){
          sqlite3_free(db);
          db = 0;
          goto opendb_out;
        }
        if( isThreadsafe==0 ){
          sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(db->mutex);
        }
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->errMask = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE)!=0 ? 0xffffffff : 0xff;
      db->nDb = 2;
      db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_BUSY;
      db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;
      db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
      db->lookaside.sz = 0;

      assert( sizeof(db->aLimit)==sizeof(aHardLimit) );
      memcpy(db->aLimit, aHardLimit, sizeof(db->aLimit));
      db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS] = SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS;
      db->autoCommit = 1;
      db->nextAutovac = -1;
      db->szMmap = sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap;
      db->nextPagesize = 0;
      db->init.azInit = sqlite3StdType; /* Any array of string ptrs will do */
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_MMAP
      /* Beginning with version 3.37.0, using the VFS xFetch() API to memory-map
      ** the temporary files used to do external sorts (see code in vdbesort.c)
      ** is disabled. It can still be used either by defining
      ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_MMAP at compile time or by using the
      ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP test-control at runtime. */
      db->nMaxSorterMmap = 0x7FFFFFFF;
    #endif
      db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames
                     | SQLITE_EnableTrigger
                     | SQLITE_EnableView
                     | SQLITE_CacheSpill
    #if !defined(SQLITE_TRUSTED_SCHEMA) || SQLITE_TRUSTED_SCHEMA+0!=0
                     | SQLITE_TrustedSchema
    #endif
    /* The SQLITE_DQS compile-time option determines the default settings
    ** for SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL and SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML.
    **
    **    SQLITE_DQS     SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL    SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML
    **    ----------     -----------------------    -----------------------
    **     undefined               on                          on
    **         3                   on                          on
    **         2                   on                         off
    **         1                  off                          on
    **         0                  off                         off
    **
    ** Legacy behavior is 3 (double-quoted string literals are allowed anywhere)
    ** and so that is the default.  But developers are encouraged to use
    ** -DSQLITE_DQS=0 (best) or -DSQLITE_DQS=1 (second choice) if possible.
    */
    #if !defined(SQLITE_DQS)
    # define SQLITE_DQS 3
    #endif
    #if (SQLITE_DQS&1)==1
                     | SQLITE_DqsDML
    #endif
    #if (SQLITE_DQS&2)==2
                     | SQLITE_DqsDDL
    #endif

    #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX) || SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
                     | SQLITE_AutoIndex
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_CKPTFULLFSYNC
                     | SQLITE_CkptFullFSync
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT<4
                     | SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
                     | SQLITE_LoadExtension
    #endif
    #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
                     | SQLITE_RecTriggers
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS) && SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS
                     | SQLITE_ForeignKeys
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_REVERSE_UNORDERED_SELECTS)
                     | SQLITE_ReverseOrder
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK)
                     | SQLITE_CellSizeCk
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER)
                     | SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG)
                     | SQLITE_EnableQPSG
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_DEFENSIVE)
                     | SQLITE_Defensive
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE)
                     | SQLITE_LegacyAlter
    #endif
    #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
                     | SQLITE_StmtScanStatus
    #endif
          ;
      sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      sqlite3HashInit(&db->aModule);
    #endif

      /* Add the default collation sequence BINARY. BINARY works for both UTF-8
      ** and UTF-16, so add a version for each to avoid any unnecessary
      ** conversions. The only error that can occur here is a malloc() failure.
      **
      ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-52786-44878 SQLite defines three built-in collating
      ** functions:
      */
      createCollation(db, sqlite3StrBINARY, SQLITE_UTF8, 0, binCollFunc, 0);
      createCollation(db, sqlite3StrBINARY, SQLITE_UTF16BE, 0, binCollFunc, 0);
      createCollation(db, sqlite3StrBINARY, SQLITE_UTF16LE, 0, binCollFunc, 0);
      createCollation(db, "NOCASE", SQLITE_UTF8, 0, nocaseCollatingFunc, 0);
      createCollation(db, "RTRIM", SQLITE_UTF8, 0, rtrimCollFunc, 0);
      if( db->mallocFailed ){
        goto opendb_out;
      }

    #if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
      /* Process magic filenames ":localStorage:" and ":sessionStorage:" */
      if( zFilename && zFilename[0]==':' ){
        if( strcmp(zFilename, ":localStorage:")==0 ){
          zFilename = "file:local?vfs=kvvfs";
          flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
        }else if( strcmp(zFilename, ":sessionStorage:")==0 ){
          zFilename = "file:session?vfs=kvvfs";
          flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
        }
      }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL) */

      /* Parse the filename/URI argument
      **
      ** Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument. 
      ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
      ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
      ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
      ** are:
      **
      **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
      **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
      **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
      */
      db->openFlags = flags;
      assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
      assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
      assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
      testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
      testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
      testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
      if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
        rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-18321-05872 */
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
      }
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
        sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, zErrMsg ? "%s" : 0, zErrMsg);
        sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
        goto opendb_out;
      }
      assert( db->pVfs!=0 );
    #if SQLITE_OS_KV || defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(db->pVfs->zName, "kvvfs")==0 ){
        db->temp_store = 2;
      }
    #endif

      /* Open the backend database driver */
      rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, zOpen, db, &db->aDb[0].pBt, 0,
                            flags | SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
        }
        sqlite3Error(db, rc);
        goto opendb_out;
      }
      sqlite3BtreeEnter(db->aDb[0].pBt);
      db->aDb[0].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, db->aDb[0].pBt);
      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
        sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, SCHEMA_ENC(db));
      }
      sqlite3BtreeLeave(db->aDb[0].pBt);
      db->aDb[1].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, 0);

      /* The default safety_level for the main database is FULL; for the temp
      ** database it is OFF. This matches the pager layer defaults. 
      */
      db->aDb[0].zDbSName = "main";
      db->aDb[0].safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
      db->aDb[1].zDbSName = "temp";
      db->aDb[1].safety_level = PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF;

      db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_OPEN;
      if( db->mallocFailed ){
        goto opendb_out;
      }

      /* Register all built-in functions, but do not attempt to read the
      ** database schema yet. This is delayed until the first time the database
      ** is accessed.
      */
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK);
      sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(db);
      rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);


      /* Load compiled-in extensions */
      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<ArraySize(sqlite3BuiltinExtensions); i++){
        rc = sqlite3BuiltinExtensions[i](db);
      }

      /* Load automatic extensions - extensions that have been registered
      ** using the sqlite3_automatic_extension() API.
      */
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(db);
        rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto opendb_out;
        }
      }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS
      /* Testing use only!!! The -DSQLITE_ENABLE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS=1 compile-time
      ** option gives access to internal functions by default. 
      ** Testing use only!!! */
      db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_InternalFunc;
    #endif

      /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
      ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
      ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
      */
    #ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
      db->dfltLockMode = SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE;
      sqlite3PagerLockingMode(sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[0].pBt),
                              SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE);
    #endif

      if( rc ) sqlite3Error(db, rc);

      /* Enable the lookaside-malloc subsystem */
      setupLookaside(db, 0, sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside,
                            sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside);

      sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(db, SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT);

    opendb_out:
      if( db ){
        assert( db->mutex!=0 || isThreadsafe==0
               || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex==0 );
        sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      }
      rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
      assert( db!=0 || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_NOMEM );
      if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
        sqlite3_close(db);
        db = 0;
      }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_SICK;
      }
      *ppDb = db;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog ){
        /* Opening a db handle. Fourth parameter is passed 0. */
        void *pArg = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pSqllogArg;
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog(pArg, db, zFilename, 0);
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_free_filename(zOpen);
      return rc;
    }


    /*
    ** Open a new database handle.
    */
    int sqlite3_open(
      const char *zFilename,
      sqlite3 **ppDb
    ){
      return openDatabase(zFilename, ppDb,
                          SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
    }
    int sqlite3_open_v2(
      const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
      sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
      int flags,              /* Flags */
      const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
    ){
      return openDatabase(filename, ppDb, (unsigned int)flags, zVfs);
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
    /*
    ** Open a new database handle.
    */
    int sqlite3_open16(
      const void *zFilename,
      sqlite3 **ppDb
    ){
      char const *zFilename8;   /* zFilename encoded in UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 */
      sqlite3_value *pVal;
      int rc;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( ppDb==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      *ppDb = 0;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
      rc = sqlite3_initialize();
      if( rc ) return rc;
    #endif
      if( zFilename==0 ) zFilename = "\000\000";
      pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zFilename, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
      zFilename8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
      if( zFilename8 ){
        rc = openDatabase(zFilename8, ppDb,
                          SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
        assert( *ppDb || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(*ppDb, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
          SCHEMA_ENC(*ppDb) = ENC(*ppDb) = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
        }
      }else{
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      }
      sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);

      return rc & 0xff;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

    /*
    ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
    */
    int sqlite3_create_collation(
      sqlite3* db,
      const char *zName,
      int enc,
      void* pCtx,
      int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
    ){
      return sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, enc, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
    }

    /*
    ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
    */
    int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
      sqlite3* db,
      const char *zName,
      int enc,
      void* pCtx,
      int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
      void(*xDel)(void*)
    ){
      int rc;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zName==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
      rc = createCollation(db, zName, (u8)enc, pCtx, xCompare, xDel);
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
    /*
    ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
    */
    int sqlite3_create_collation16(
      sqlite3* db,
      const void *zName,
      int enc,
      void* pCtx,
      int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
    ){
      int rc = SQLITE_OK;
      char *zName8;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zName==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
      zName8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
      if( zName8 ){
        rc = createCollation(db, zName8, (u8)enc, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
        sqlite3DbFree(db, zName8);
      }
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

    /*
    ** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
    ** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
    */
    int sqlite3_collation_needed(
      sqlite3 *db,
      void *pCollNeededArg,
      void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->xCollNeeded = xCollNeeded;
      db->xCollNeeded16 = 0;
      db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
    /*
    ** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
    ** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
    */
    int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
      sqlite3 *db,
      void *pCollNeededArg,
      void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
    ){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->xCollNeeded = 0;
      db->xCollNeeded16 = xCollNeeded16;
      db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

    /*
    ** Find existing client data.
    */
    void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName){
      DbClientData *p;
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      for(p=db->pDbData; p; p=p->pNext){
        if( strcmp(p->zName, zName)==0 ){
          void *pResult = p->pData;
          sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
          return pResult;
        }
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Add new client data to a database connection.
    */
    int sqlite3_set_clientdata(
      sqlite3 *db,                   /* Attach client data to this connection */
      const char *zName,             /* Name of the client data */
      void *pData,                   /* The client data itself */
      void (*xDestructor)(void*)     /* Destructor */
    ){
      DbClientData *p, **pp;
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pp = &db->pDbData;
      for(p=db->pDbData; p && strcmp(p->zName,zName); p=p->pNext){
        pp = &p->pNext;
      }
      if( p ){
        assert( p->pData!=0 );
        if( p->xDestructor ) p->xDestructor(p->pData);
        if( pData==0 ){
          *pp = p->pNext;
          sqlite3_free(p);
          sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
          return SQLITE_OK;
        }
      }else if( pData==0 ){
        sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }else{
        size_t n = strlen(zName);
        p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(DbClientData)+n+1 );
        if( p==0 ){
          if( xDestructor ) xDestructor(pData);
          sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }
        memcpy(p->zName, zName, n+1);
        p->pNext = db->pDbData;
        db->pDbData = p;
      }
      p->pData = pData;
      p->xDestructor = xDestructor;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }


    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
    /*
    ** This function is now an anachronism. It used to be used to recover from a
    ** malloc() failure, but SQLite now does this automatically.
    */
    int sqlite3_global_recover(void){
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    #endif

    /*
    ** Test to see whether or not the database connection is in autocommit
    ** mode.  Return TRUE if it is and FALSE if not.  Autocommit mode is on
    ** by default.  Autocommit is disabled by a BEGIN statement and reenabled
    ** by the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
    */
    int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3 *db){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      return db->autoCommit;
    }

    /*
    ** The following routines are substitutes for constants SQLITE_CORRUPT,
    ** SQLITE_MISUSE, SQLITE_CANTOPEN, SQLITE_NOMEM and possibly other error
    ** constants.  They serve two purposes:
    **
    **   1.  Serve as a convenient place to set a breakpoint in a debugger
    **       to detect when version error conditions occurs.
    **
    **   2.  Invoke sqlite3_log() to provide the source code location where
    **       a low-level error is first detected.
    */
    int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType){
      sqlite3_log(iErr, "%s at line %d of [%.10s]",
                  zType, lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
      return iErr;
    }
    int sqlite3CorruptError(int lineno){
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, "database corruption");
    }
    int sqlite3MisuseError(int lineno){
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_MISUSE, lineno, "misuse");
    }
    int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
    }
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
    int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int lineno, Pgno pgno){
      char zMsg[100];
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zMsg), zMsg, "database corruption page %d", pgno);
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
    }
    #endif
    #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    int sqlite3NomemError(int lineno){
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
    }
    int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int lineno){
      testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
      return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, lineno, "I/O OOM error");
    }
    #endif

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
    /*
    ** This is a convenience routine that makes sure that all thread-specific
    ** data for this thread has been deallocated.
    **
    ** SQLite no longer uses thread-specific data so this routine is now a
    ** no-op.  It is retained for historical compatibility.
    */
    void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void){
    }
    #endif

    /*
    ** Return meta information about a specific column of a database table.
    ** See comment in sqlite3.h (sqlite.h.in) for details.
    */
    int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
      sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
      const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
      const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
      const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
      char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
      char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
      int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
      int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
      int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
    ){
      int rc;
      char *zErrMsg = 0;
      Table *pTab = 0;
      Column *pCol = 0;
      int iCol = 0;
      char const *zDataType = 0;
      char const *zCollSeq = 0;
      int notnull = 0;
      int primarykey = 0;
      int autoinc = 0;


    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zTableName==0 ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif

      /* Ensure the database schema has been loaded */
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
      rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrMsg);
      if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
        goto error_out;
      }

      /* Locate the table in question */
      pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTableName, zDbName);
      if( !pTab || IsView(pTab) ){
        pTab = 0;
        goto error_out;
      }

      /* Find the column for which info is requested */
      if( zColumnName==0 ){
        /* Query for existence of table only */
      }else{
        for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
          pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
          if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zCnName, zColumnName) ){
            break;
          }
        }
        if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
          if( HasRowid(pTab) && sqlite3IsRowid(zColumnName) ){
            iCol = pTab->iPKey;
            pCol = iCol>=0 ? &pTab->aCol[iCol] : 0;
          }else{
            pTab = 0;
            goto error_out;
          }
        }
      }

      /* The following block stores the meta information that will be returned
      ** to the caller in local variables zDataType, zCollSeq, notnull, primarykey
      ** and autoinc. At this point there are two possibilities:
      **
      **     1. The specified column name was rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_"
      **        and there is no explicitly declared IPK column.
      **
      **     2. The table is not a view and the column name identified an
      **        explicitly declared column. Copy meta information from *pCol.
      */
      if( pCol ){
        zDataType = sqlite3ColumnType(pCol,0);
        zCollSeq = sqlite3ColumnColl(pCol);
        notnull = pCol->notNull!=0;
        primarykey  = (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)!=0;
        autoinc = pTab->iPKey==iCol && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)!=0;
      }else{
        zDataType = "INTEGER";
        primarykey = 1;
      }
      if( !zCollSeq ){
        zCollSeq = sqlite3StrBINARY;
      }

    error_out:
      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);

      /* Whether the function call succeeded or failed, set the output parameters
      ** to whatever their local counterparts contain. If an error did occur,
      ** this has the effect of zeroing all output parameters.
      */
      if( pzDataType ) *pzDataType = zDataType;
      if( pzCollSeq ) *pzCollSeq = zCollSeq;
      if( pNotNull ) *pNotNull = notnull;
      if( pPrimaryKey ) *pPrimaryKey = primarykey;
      if( pAutoinc ) *pAutoinc = autoinc;

      if( SQLITE_OK==rc && !pTab ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
        zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such table column: %s.%s", zTableName,
            zColumnName);
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, (zErrMsg?"%s":0), zErrMsg);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
    */
    int sqlite3_sleep(int ms){
      sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
      int rc;
      pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
      if( pVfs==0 ) return 0;

      /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep()
      ** API uses microseconds. Hence the 1000's.
      */
      rc = (sqlite3OsSleep(pVfs, ms<0 ? 0 : 1000*ms)/1000);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Enable or disable the extended result codes.
    */
    int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      db->errMask = onoff ? 0xffffffff : 0xff;
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    /*
    ** Invoke the xFileControl method on a particular database.
    */
    int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName, int op, void *pArg){
      int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      Btree *pBtree;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      pBtree = sqlite3DbNameToBtree(db, zDbName);
      if( pBtree ){
        Pager *pPager;
        sqlite3_file *fd;
        sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
        pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBtree);
        assert( pPager!=0 );
        fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
        assert( fd!=0 );
        if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER ){
          *(sqlite3_file**)pArg = fd;
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER ){
          *(sqlite3_vfs**)pArg = sqlite3PagerVfs(pPager);
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER ){
          *(sqlite3_file**)pArg = sqlite3PagerJrnlFile(pPager);
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION ){
          *(unsigned int*)pArg = sqlite3PagerDataVersion(pPager);
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES ){
          int iNew = *(int*)pArg;
          *(int*)pArg = sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(pBtree);
          if( iNew>=0 && iNew<=255 ){
            sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBtree, 0, iNew, 0);
          }
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE ){
          sqlite3BtreeClearCache(pBtree);
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }else{
          int nSave = db->busyHandler.nBusy;
          rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, op, pArg);
          db->busyHandler.nBusy = nSave;
        }
        sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Interface to the testing logic.
    */
    int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
      int rc = 0;
    #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
      UNUSED_PARAMETER(op);
    #else
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, op);
      switch( op ){

        /*
        ** Save the current state of the PRNG.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE: {
          sqlite3PrngSaveState();
          break;
        }

        /*
        ** Restore the state of the PRNG to the last state saved using
        ** PRNG_SAVE.  If PRNG_SAVE has never before been called, then
        ** this verb acts like PRNG_RESET.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE: {
          sqlite3PrngRestoreState();
          break;
        }

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED, int x, sqlite3 *db);
        **
        ** Control the seed for the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) that
        ** is built into SQLite.  Cases:
        **
        **    x!=0 && db!=0       Seed the PRNG to the current value of the
        **                        schema cookie in the main database for db, or
        **                        x if the schema cookie is zero.  This case
        **                        is convenient to use with database fuzzers
        **                        as it allows the fuzzer some control over the
        **                        the PRNG seed.
        **
        **    x!=0 && db==0       Seed the PRNG to the value of x.
        **
        **    x==0 && db==0       Revert to default behavior of using the
        **                        xRandomness method on the primary VFS.
        **
        ** This test-control also resets the PRNG so that the new seed will
        ** be used for the next call to sqlite3_randomness().
        */
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED: {
          int x = va_arg(ap, int);
          int y;
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          assert( db==0 || db->aDb[0].pSchema!=0 );
          if( db && (y = db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie)!=0 ){ x = y; }
          sqlite3Config.iPrngSeed = x;
          sqlite3_randomness(0,0);
          break;
        }
    #endif

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION, sqlite3 *db, int b);
        **
        ** If b is true, then activate the SQLITE_FkNoAction setting.  If b is
        ** false then clearn that setting.  If the SQLITE_FkNoAction setting is
        ** abled, all foreign key ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions behave as if
        ** they were NO ACTION, regardless of how they are defined.
        **
        ** NB:  One must usually run "PRAGMA writable_schema=RESET" after
        ** using this test-control, before it will take full effect.  failing
        ** to reset the schema can result in some unexpected behavior.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          int b = va_arg(ap, int);
          if( b ){
            db->flags |= SQLITE_FkNoAction;
          }else{
            db->flags &= ~SQLITE_FkNoAction;
          }
          break;
        }

        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(BITVEC_TEST, size, program)
        **
        ** Run a test against a Bitvec object of size.  The program argument
        ** is an array of integers that defines the test.  Return -1 on a
        ** memory allocation error, 0 on success, or non-zero for an error.
        ** See the sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest() for additional information.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
          int sz = va_arg(ap, int);
          int *aProg = va_arg(ap, int*);
          rc = sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(sz, aProg);
          break;
        }

        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(FAULT_INSTALL, xCallback)
        **
        ** Arrange to invoke xCallback() whenever sqlite3FaultSim() is called,
        ** if xCallback is not NULL.
        **
        ** As a test of the fault simulator mechanism itself, sqlite3FaultSim(0)
        ** is called immediately after installing the new callback and the return
        ** value from sqlite3FaultSim(0) becomes the return from
        ** sqlite3_test_control().
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL: {
          /* A bug in MSVC prevents it from understanding pointers to functions
          ** types in the second argument to va_arg().  Work around the problem
          ** using a typedef.
          ** http://support.microsoft.com/kb/47961  <-- dead hyperlink
          ** Search at http://web.archive.org/ to find the 2015-03-16 archive
          ** of the link above to see the original text.
          ** sqlite3GlobalConfig.xTestCallback = va_arg(ap, int(*)(int));
          */
          typedef int(*sqlite3FaultFuncType)(int);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.xTestCallback = va_arg(ap, sqlite3FaultFuncType);
          rc = sqlite3FaultSim(0);
          break;
        }

        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, xBegin, xEnd)
        **
        ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures
        ** are benign.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS: {
          typedef void (*void_function)(void);
          void_function xBenignBegin;
          void_function xBenignEnd;
          xBenignBegin = va_arg(ap, void_function);
          xBenignEnd = va_arg(ap, void_function);
          sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(xBenignBegin, xBenignEnd);
          break;
        }

        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE, unsigned int X)
        **
        ** Set the PENDING byte to the value in the argument, if X>0.
        ** Make no changes if X==0.  Return the value of the pending byte
        ** as it existing before this routine was called.
        **
        ** IMPORTANT:  Changing the PENDING byte from 0x40000000 results in
        ** an incompatible database file format.  Changing the PENDING byte
        ** while any database connection is open results in undefined and
        ** deleterious behavior.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE: {
          rc = PENDING_BYTE;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
          {
            unsigned int newVal = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
            if( newVal ) sqlite3PendingByte = newVal;
          }
    #endif
          break;
        }

        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, int X)
        **
        ** This action provides a run-time test to see whether or not
        ** assert() was enabled at compile-time.  If X is true and assert()
        ** is enabled, then the return value is true.  If X is true and
        ** assert() is disabled, then the return value is zero.  If X is
        ** false and assert() is enabled, then the assertion fires and the
        ** process aborts.  If X is false and assert() is disabled, then the
        ** return value is zero.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT: {
          volatile int x = 0;
          assert( /*side-effects-ok*/ (x = va_arg(ap,int))!=0 );
          rc = x;
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
          /* Invoke these debugging routines so that the compiler does not
          ** issue "defined but not used" warnings. */
          if( x==9999 ){
            sqlite3ShowExpr(0);
            sqlite3ShowExpr(0);
            sqlite3ShowExprList(0);
            sqlite3ShowIdList(0);
            sqlite3ShowSrcList(0);
            sqlite3ShowWith(0);
            sqlite3ShowUpsert(0);
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
            sqlite3ShowTriggerStep(0);
            sqlite3ShowTriggerStepList(0);
            sqlite3ShowTrigger(0);
            sqlite3ShowTriggerList(0);
    #endif
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
            sqlite3ShowWindow(0);
            sqlite3ShowWinFunc(0);
    #endif
            sqlite3ShowSelect(0);
          }
    #endif
          break;
        }


        /*
        **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, int X)
        **
        ** This action provides a run-time test to see how the ALWAYS and
        ** NEVER macros were defined at compile-time.
        **
        ** The return value is ALWAYS(X) if X is true, or 0 if X is false.
        **
        ** The recommended test is X==2.  If the return value is 2, that means
        ** ALWAYS() and NEVER() are both no-op pass-through macros, which is the
        ** default setting.  If the return value is 1, then ALWAYS() is either
        ** hard-coded to true or else it asserts if its argument is false.
        ** The first behavior (hard-coded to true) is the case if
        ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is disabled and the second
        ** behavior (assert if the argument to ALWAYS() is false) is the case if
        ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is enabled.
        **
        ** The run-time test procedure might look something like this:
        **
        **    if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 2)==2 ){
        **      // ALWAYS() and NEVER() are no-op pass-through macros
        **    }else if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, 1) ){
        **      // ALWAYS(x) asserts that x is true. NEVER(x) asserts x is false.
        **    }else{
        **      // ALWAYS(x) is a constant 1.  NEVER(x) is a constant 0.
        **    }
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS: {
          int x = va_arg(ap,int);
          rc = x ? ALWAYS(x) : 0;
          break;
        }

        /*
        **   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER);
        **
        ** The integer returned reveals the byte-order of the computer on which
        ** SQLite is running:
        **
        **       1     big-endian,    determined at run-time
        **      10     little-endian, determined at run-time
        **  432101     big-endian,    determined at compile-time
        **  123410     little-endian, determined at compile-time
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER: {
          rc = SQLITE_BYTEORDER*100 + SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN*10 + SQLITE_BIGENDIAN;
          break;
        }

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, sqlite3 *db, int N)
        **
        ** Enable or disable various optimizations for testing purposes.  The
        ** argument N is a bitmask of optimizations to be disabled.  For normal
        ** operation N should be 0.  The idea is that a test program (like the
        ** SQL Logic Test or SLT test module) can run the same SQL multiple times
        ** with various optimizations disabled to verify that the same answer
        ** is obtained in every case.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          db->dbOptFlags = va_arg(ap, u32);
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, onoff, xAlt);
        **
        ** If parameter onoff is 1, subsequent calls to localtime() fail.
        ** If 2, then invoke xAlt() instead of localtime().  If 0, normal
        ** processing.
        **
        ** xAlt arguments are void pointers, but they really want to be:
        **
        **    int xAlt(const time_t*, struct tm*);
        **
        ** xAlt should write results in to struct tm object of its 2nd argument
        ** and return zero on success, or return non-zero on failure.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault = va_arg(ap, int);
          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault==2 ){
            typedef int(*sqlite3LocaltimeType)(const void*,void*);
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime = va_arg(ap, sqlite3LocaltimeType);
          }else{
            sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime = 0;
          }
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS, sqlite3*);
        **
        ** Toggle the ability to use internal functions on or off for
        ** the database connection given in the argument.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          db->mDbFlags ^= DBFLAG_InternalFunc;
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT, int);
        **
        ** Set or clear a flag that indicates that the database file is always well-
        ** formed and never corrupt.  This flag is clear by default, indicating that
        ** database files might have arbitrary corruption.  Setting the flag during
        ** testing causes certain assert() statements in the code to be activated
        ** that demonstrate invariants on well-formed database files.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.neverCorrupt = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS, int);
        **
        ** Set or clear a flag that causes SQLite to verify that type, name,
        ** and tbl_name fields of the sqlite_schema table.  This is normally
        ** on, but it is sometimes useful to turn it off for testing.
        **
        ** 2020-07-22:  Disabling EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS also disables the
        ** verification of rootpage numbers when parsing the schema.  This
        ** is useful to make it easier to reach strange internal error states
        ** during testing.  The EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS setting is always enabled
        ** in production.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.bExtraSchemaChecks = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

        /* Set the threshold at which OP_Once counters reset back to zero.
        ** By default this is 0x7ffffffe (over 2 billion), but that value is
        ** too big to test in a reasonable amount of time, so this control is
        ** provided to set a small and easily reachable reset value.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD: {
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.iOnceResetThreshold = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE, xCallback, ptr);
        **
        ** Set the VDBE coverage callback function to xCallback with context
        ** pointer ptr.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE: {
    #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
          typedef void (*branch_callback)(void*,unsigned int,
                                          unsigned char,unsigned char);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.xVdbeBranch = va_arg(ap,branch_callback);
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.pVdbeBranchArg = va_arg(ap,void*);
    #endif
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP, db, nMax); */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          db->nMaxSorterMmap = va_arg(ap, int);
          break;
        }

        /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT);
        **
        ** Return SQLITE_OK if SQLite has been initialized and SQLITE_ERROR if
        ** not.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT: {
          if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit==0 ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
          break;
        }

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, db, dbName, onOff, tnum);
        **
        ** This test control is used to create imposter tables.  "db" is a pointer
        ** to the database connection.  dbName is the database name (ex: "main" or
        ** "temp") which will receive the imposter.  "onOff" turns imposter mode on
        ** or off.  "tnum" is the root page of the b-tree to which the imposter
        ** table should connect.
        **
        ** Enable imposter mode only when the schema has already been parsed.  Then
        ** run a single CREATE TABLE statement to construct the imposter table in
        ** the parsed schema.  Then turn imposter mode back off again.
        **
        ** If onOff==0 and tnum>0 then reset the schema for all databases, causing
        ** the schema to be reparsed the next time it is needed.  This has the
        ** effect of erasing all imposter tables.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          int iDb;
          sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
          iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, va_arg(ap,const char*));
          if( iDb>=0 ){
            db->init.iDb = iDb;
            db->init.busy = db->init.imposterTable = va_arg(ap,int);
            db->init.newTnum = va_arg(ap,int);
            if( db->init.busy==0 && db->init.newTnum>0 ){
              sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
            }
          }
          sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
          break;
        }

    #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, FILE *out)
        **
        ** This test control (only available when SQLite is compiled with
        ** -DYYCOVERAGE) writes a report onto "out" that shows all
        ** state/lookahead combinations in the parser state machine
        ** which are never exercised.  If any state is missed, make the
        ** return code SQLITE_ERROR.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE: {
          FILE *out = va_arg(ap, FILE*);
          if( sqlite3ParserCoverage(out) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
          break;
        }
    #endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) */

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL, sqlite3_context*);
        **
        ** This test-control causes the most recent sqlite3_result_int64() value
        ** to be interpreted as a MEM_IntReal instead of as an MEM_Int.  Normally,
        ** MEM_IntReal values only arise during an INSERT operation of integer
        ** values into a REAL column, so they can be challenging to test.  This
        ** test-control enables us to write an intreal() SQL function that can
        ** inject an intreal() value at arbitrary places in an SQL statement,
        ** for testing purposes.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL: {
          sqlite3_context *pCtx = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_context*);
          sqlite3ResultIntReal(pCtx);
          break;
        }

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT,
        **    sqlite3 *db,    // Database connection
        **    u64 *pnSeek     // Write seek count here
        **  );
        **
        ** This test-control queries the seek-counter on the "main" database
        ** file.  The seek-counter is written into *pnSeek and is then reset.
        ** The seek-count is only available if compiled with SQLITE_DEBUG.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT: {
          sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
          u64 *pn = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_uint64*);
          *pn = sqlite3BtreeSeekCount(db->aDb->pBt);
          (void)db;  /* Silence harmless unused variable warning */
          break;
        }

        /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS, op, ptr)
        **
        **  "ptr" is a pointer to a u32. 
        **
        **   op==0       Store the current sqlite3TreeTrace in *ptr
        **   op==1       Set sqlite3TreeTrace to the value *ptr
        **   op==2       Store the current sqlite3WhereTrace in *ptr
        **   op==3       Set sqlite3WhereTrace to the value *ptr
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS: {
           int opTrace = va_arg(ap, int);
           u32 *ptr = va_arg(ap, u32*);
           switch( opTrace ){
             case 0:   *ptr = sqlite3TreeTrace;      break;
             case 1:   sqlite3TreeTrace = *ptr;      break;
             case 2:   *ptr = sqlite3WhereTrace;     break;
             case 3:   sqlite3WhereTrace = *ptr;     break;
           }
           break;
        }

        /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST,
        **      double fIn,     // Input value
        **      int *pLogEst,   // sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(fIn)
        **      u64 *pInt,      // sqlite3LogEstToInt(*pLogEst)
        **      int *pLogEst2   // sqlite3LogEst(*pInt)
        ** );
        **
        ** Test access for the LogEst conversion routines.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST: {
          double rIn = va_arg(ap, double);
          LogEst rLogEst = sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(rIn);
          int *pI1 = va_arg(ap,int*);
          u64 *pU64 = va_arg(ap,u64*);
          int *pI2 = va_arg(ap,int*);
          *pI1 = rLogEst;
          *pU64 = sqlite3LogEstToInt(rLogEst);
          *pI2 = sqlite3LogEst(*pU64);
          break;
        }

    #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WSD)
        /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE, int X);
        **
        **   X<0     Make no changes to the bUseLongDouble.  Just report value.
        **   X==0    Disable bUseLongDouble
        **   X==1    Enable bUseLongDouble
        **   X>=2    Set bUseLongDouble to its default value for this platform
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE: {
          int b = va_arg(ap, int);
          if( b>=2 ) b = hasHighPrecisionDouble(b);
          if( b>=0 ) sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble = b>0;
          rc = sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble!=0;
          break;
        }
    #endif


    #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WSD)
        /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE, id, *piValue)
        **
        ** If "id" is an integer between 1 and SQLITE_NTUNE then set the value
        ** of the id-th tuning parameter to *piValue.  If "id" is between -1
        ** and -SQLITE_NTUNE, then write the current value of the (-id)-th
        ** tuning parameter into *piValue.
        **
        ** Tuning parameters are for use during transient development builds,
        ** to help find the best values for constants in the query planner.
        ** Access tuning parameters using the Tuning(ID) macro.  Set the
        ** parameters in the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".
        **
        ** Transient use only.  Tuning parameters should not be used in
        ** checked-in code.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE: {
          int id = va_arg(ap, int);
          int *piValue = va_arg(ap, int*);
          if( id>0 && id<=SQLITE_NTUNE ){
            Tuning(id) = *piValue;
          }else if( id<0 && id>=-SQLITE_NTUNE ){
            *piValue = Tuning(-id);
          }else{
            rc = SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
          }
          break;
        }
    #endif

        /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK, &onOff);
        **
        ** Activate or deactivate validation of JSONB that is generated from
        ** text.  Off by default, as the validation is slow.  Validation is
        ** only available if compiled using SQLITE_DEBUG.
        **
        ** If onOff is initially 1, then turn it on.  If onOff is initially
        ** off, turn it off.  If onOff is initially -1, then change onOff
        ** to be the current setting.
        */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK: {
    #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WSD)
          int *pOnOff = va_arg(ap, int*);
          if( *pOnOff<0 ){
            *pOnOff = sqlite3Config.bJsonSelfcheck;
          }else{
            sqlite3Config.bJsonSelfcheck = (u8)((*pOnOff)&0xff);
          }
    #endif
          break;
        }
      }
      va_end(ap);
    #endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** The Pager stores the Database filename, Journal filename, and WAL filename
    ** consecutively in memory, in that order.  The database filename is prefixed
    ** by four zero bytes.  Locate the start of the database filename by searching
    ** backwards for the first byte following four consecutive zero bytes.
    **
    ** This only works if the filename passed in was obtained from the Pager.
    */
    static const char *databaseName(const char *zName){
      while( zName[-1]!=0 || zName[-2]!=0 || zName[-3]!=0 || zName[-4]!=0 ){
        zName--;
      }
      return zName;
    }

    /*
    ** Append text z[] to the end of p[].  Return a pointer to the first
    ** character after then zero terminator on the new text in p[].
    */
    static char *appendText(char *p, const char *z){
      size_t n = strlen(z);
      memcpy(p, z, n+1);
      return p+n+1;
    }

    /*
    ** Allocate memory to hold names for a database, journal file, WAL file,
    ** and query parameters.  The pointer returned is valid for use by
    ** sqlite3_filename_database() and sqlite3_uri_parameter() and related
    ** functions.
    **
    ** Memory layout must be compatible with that generated by the pager
    ** and expected by sqlite3_uri_parameter() and databaseName().
    */
    const char *sqlite3_create_filename(
      const char *zDatabase,
      const char *zJournal,
      const char *zWal,
      int nParam,
      const char **azParam
    ){
      sqlite3_int64 nByte;
      int i;
      char *pResult, *p;
      nByte = strlen(zDatabase) + strlen(zJournal) + strlen(zWal) + 10;
      for(i=0; i<nParam*2; i++){
        nByte += strlen(azParam[i])+1;
      }
      pResult = p = sqlite3_malloc64( nByte );
      if( p==0 ) return 0;
      memset(p, 0, 4);
      p += 4;
      p = appendText(p, zDatabase);
      for(i=0; i<nParam*2; i++){
        p = appendText(p, azParam[i]);
      }
      *(p++) = 0;
      p = appendText(p, zJournal);
      p = appendText(p, zWal);
      *(p++) = 0;
      *(p++) = 0;
      assert( (sqlite3_int64)(p - pResult)==nByte );
      return pResult + 4;
    }

    /*
    ** Free memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  It is a severe
    ** error to call this routine with any parameter other than a pointer
    ** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename() or a NULL pointer.
    */
    void sqlite3_free_filename(const char *p){
      if( p==0 ) return;
      p = databaseName(p);
      sqlite3_free((char*)p - 4);
    }


    /*
    ** This is a utility routine, useful to VFS implementations, that checks
    ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
    ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of the query parameter.
    **
    ** The zFilename argument is the filename pointer passed into the xOpen()
    ** method of a VFS implementation.  The zParam argument is the name of the
    ** query parameter we seek.  This routine returns the value of the zParam
    ** parameter if it exists.  If the parameter does not exist, this routine
    ** returns a NULL pointer.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam){
      if( zFilename==0 || zParam==0 ) return 0;
      zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
      return uriParameter(zFilename, zParam);
    }

    /*
    ** Return a pointer to the name of Nth query parameter of the filename.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N){
      if( zFilename==0 || N<0 ) return 0;
      zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
      zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      while( ALWAYS(zFilename) && zFilename[0] && (N--)>0 ){
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      }
      return zFilename[0] ? zFilename : 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Return a boolean value for a query parameter.
    */
    int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam, int bDflt){
      const char *z = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zFilename, zParam);
      bDflt = bDflt!=0;
      return z ? sqlite3GetBoolean(z, bDflt) : bDflt;
    }

    /*
    ** Return a 64-bit integer value for a query parameter.
    */
    sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(
      const char *zFilename,    /* Filename as passed to xOpen */
      const char *zParam,       /* URI parameter sought */
      sqlite3_int64 bDflt       /* return if parameter is missing */
    ){
      const char *z = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zFilename, zParam);
      sqlite3_int64 v;
      if( z && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &v)==0 ){
        bDflt = v;
      }
      return bDflt;
    }

    /*
    ** Translate a filename that was handed to a VFS routine into the corresponding
    ** database, journal, or WAL file.
    **
    ** It is an error to pass this routine a filename string that was not
    ** passed into the VFS from the SQLite core.  Doing so is similar to
    ** passing free() a pointer that was not obtained from malloc() - it is
    ** an error that we cannot easily detect but that will likely cause memory
    ** corruption.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char *zFilename){
      if( zFilename==0 ) return 0;
      return databaseName(zFilename);
    }
    const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char *zFilename){
      if( zFilename==0 ) return 0;
      zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
      zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      while( ALWAYS(zFilename) && zFilename[0] ){
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
        zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      }
      return zFilename + 1;
    }
    const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char *zFilename){
    #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      return 0;
    #else
      zFilename = sqlite3_filename_journal(zFilename);
      if( zFilename ) zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
      return zFilename;
    #endif
    }

    /*
    ** Return the Btree pointer identified by zDbName.  Return NULL if not found.
    */
    Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName){
      int iDb = zDbName ? sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDbName) : 0;
      return iDb<0 ? 0 : db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the name of the N-th database schema.  Return NULL if N is out
    ** of range.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N){
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      if( N<0 || N>=db->nDb ){
        return 0;
      }else{
        return db->aDb[N].zDbSName;
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Return the filename of the database associated with a database
    ** connection.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName){
      Btree *pBt;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif
      pBt = sqlite3DbNameToBtree(db, zDbName);
      return pBt ? sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(pBt) : 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Return 1 if database is read-only or 0 if read/write.  Return -1 if
    ** no such database exists.
    */
    int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName){
      Btree *pBt;
    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return -1;
      }
    #endif
      pBt = sqlite3DbNameToBtree(db, zDbName);
      return pBt ? sqlite3BtreeIsReadonly(pBt) : -1;
    }

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
    /*
    ** Obtain a snapshot handle for the snapshot of database zDb currently
    ** being read by handle db.
    */
    int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zDb,
      sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
    ){
      int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

      if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
        int iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
        if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
          Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
          if( SQLITE_TXN_WRITE!=sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) ){
            rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
              rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotGet(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt), ppSnapshot);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    #endif   /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Open a read-transaction on the snapshot identified by pSnapshot.
    */
    int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
      sqlite3 *db,
      const char *zDb,
      sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
    ){
      int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
        int iDb;
        iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
        if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
          Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
          if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
            Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
            int bUnlock = 0;
            if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE ){
              if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
                rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotCheck(pPager, pSnapshot);
                if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
                  bUnlock = 1;
                  rc = sqlite3BtreeCommit(pBt);
                }
              }
            }else{
              rc = SQLITE_OK;
            }
            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
              rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(pPager, pSnapshot);
            }
            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
              rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
              sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(pPager, 0);
            }
            if( bUnlock ){
              sqlite3PagerSnapshotUnlock(pPager);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    #endif   /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Recover as many snapshots as possible from the wal file associated with
    ** schema zDb of database db.
    */
    int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
      int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      int iDb;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
        return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
      }
    #endif

      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
      if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
        Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
        if( SQLITE_TXN_NONE==sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) ){
          rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
            sqlite3BtreeCommit(pBt);
          }
        }
      }
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    #endif   /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
      return rc;
    }

    /*
    ** Free a snapshot handle obtained from sqlite3_snapshot_get().
    */
    void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot){
      sqlite3_free(pSnapshot);
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT */

    #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
    /*
    ** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
    ** was used and false if not.
    **
    ** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
    ** is not required for a match.
    */
    int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
      int i, n;
      int nOpt;
      const char **azCompileOpt;

    #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
      if( zOptName==0 ){
        (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }
    #endif

      azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);

      if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
      n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);

      /* Since nOpt is normally in single digits, a linear search is
      ** adequate. No need for a binary search. */
      for(i=0; i<nOpt; i++){
        if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
         && sqlite3IsIdChar((unsigned char)azCompileOpt[i][n])==0
        ){
          return 1;
        }
      }
      return 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
    ** return a NULL pointer.
    */
    const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
      int nOpt;
      const char **azCompileOpt;
      azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);
      if( N>=0 && N<nOpt ){
        return azCompileOpt[N];
      }
      return 0;
    }
    #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */

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