diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/codes_300ast_20100725.cmt b/resource/spice_kernels/codes_300ast_20100725.cmt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0634a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/codes_300ast_20100725.cmt @@ -0,0 +1,517 @@ + +CODES Asteroid Ephemeris SPK File +=========================================================================== + + Created by Boris Semenov, NAIF/JPL, July 29, 2010 + + +Objects in the Ephemeris +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file contains ephemeris data for 300 asteroids. These + ephemerides were integrated by the Comet/asteroid Orbit + Determination and Ephemeris Software (CODES) developed by Jim Baer + and available from + + http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/ + + The SPICE utility program BRIEF can be used to get the complete + list of asteroids, the data for which is stored in this file. + + The center of motion for all asteroids is the Sun (NAIF ID 10) and + the reference frame is ``ECLIPJ2000_DE405'' (frame ID 1900017), + defined in a special frames kernel, a copy of which is provided in + Appendix 1. + + +Approximate Time Coverage +-------------------------------------------------------- + + The data for each of the asteroids covers the following time span: + + COVERAGE BEGIN TIME (TDB): 1799 DEC 30 12:00:00.000 + COVERAGE END TIME (TDB): 2199 DEC 13 12:00:00.000 + + +Pedigree +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file was generated by ``packaging'' classical orbital + elements generated by the CODES software into SPK format using + NAIF's MKSPK program. The description of the CODES output file and + the contents of the accompanying ``mu.txt'' file are provided in + Appendix 3. The data for each of the asteroids was extracted from + the CODES data file and packaged into a type 13 SPK segment with + interpolation degree set to 15. The Sun GM values used by MKSPK to + convert orbital elements into states stored in the SPK file was + 132712440017.987, the value used in JPL's DE405 planet ephemerides. + Example MKSPK input and setup files used for MKSPK runs are + provided in Appendix 2. + + +Usage +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file should be used together with the DE405 planetary + ephemeris since the integration was done using the DE405 ephemeris + and with the frames kernel defining the ``ECLIPJ2000_DE405'' + frame. + + +Contacts +-------------------------------------------------------- + + If you have any questions regarding this data contact + + Boris V. Semenov, NAIF/JPL, + Boris.Semenov@jpl.nasa.gov + + or + + Jim Baer + jimbaer1@earthlink.net + + + +Appendix 1: Frames Kernel (FK) defining ``ECLIPJ2000_DE405'' +=========================================================================== + + SPICE Frames Kernel (FK) file defining the ``ECLIPJ2000_DE405'' + must be used together with this SPK file. This FK must have the + following contents: + +----------------- +KPL/FK + + This frames kernel defines the Ecliptic and Equinox of the J2000 frame + using the DE405 obliquity angle value (84381.412 arcseconds). This + frame is used as the reference frame in the SPK file containing + asteroid ephemeris data generated by the Comet/asteroid Orbit + Determination and Ephemeris Software (CODES) developed by Jim Baer. + The frame ID for this frame is set to 1900017, an arbitrarily chosen + number from the range 1400000 to 2000000 set aside by NAIF for + public use (see frames.req document). Contact Boris Semenov, NAIF + (Boris.Semenov@jpl.nasa.gov) or Jim Baer (jimbaer1@earthlink.net) + if you have any question about this kernel. + + \begindata + + FRAME_ECLIPJ2000_DE405 = 1900017 + FRAME_1900017_NAME = 'ECLIPJ2000_DE405' + FRAME_1900017_CLASS = 4 + FRAME_1900017_CLASS_ID = 1900017 + FRAME_1900017_CENTER = 0 + TKFRAME_1900017_SPEC = 'ANGLES' + TKFRAME_1900017_RELATIVE = 'J2000' + TKFRAME_1900017_ANGLES = ( 0.0, 0.0, -84381.412 ) + TKFRAME_1900017_AXES = ( 1, 3, 1 ) + TKFRAME_1900017_UNITS = 'ARCSECONDS' + + \begintext +----------------- + + +Appendix 2: MKSPK Setup +=========================================================================== + + These are example MKSPK setup and input files used in the MKSPK + run that produced the segment for asteroid 511. A similar setup + files was used for each of the other asteroids, but with revisions + to the OBJECT_ID and SEGMENT_ID keywords + + MKSPK setup: + +----------------- +\begindata + INPUT_DATA_TYPE = 'ELEMENTS' + OUTPUT_SPK_TYPE = 13 + POLYNOM_DEGREE = 15 + OBJECT_ID = 2000511 + CENTER_ID = 10 + REF_FRAME_NAME = 'ECLIPJ2000_DE405' + PRODUCER_ID = 'NAIF/JPL' + DATA_ORDER = 'EPOCH A E INC PER NOD MEAN' + DATA_DELIMITER = 'TAB' + LEAPSECONDS_FILE = '/kernels/gen/lsk/naif0009.tls' + PCK_FILE = 'de405_sun_gm.tpc' + FRAME_DEF_FILE = 'eclipj2000_de405.tf' + INPUT_DATA_UNITS = ( 'ANGLES=RADIANS', 'DISTANCES=AU' ) + LINES_PER_RECORD = 1 + TIME_WRAPPER = '# JD TDB' + SEGMENT_ID = 'Ast. 511 ephemeris by CODES (Jim Baer)' +\begintext +----------------- + + MKSPK input (\t indicates the TAB character): + +----------------- +2378495\t3.165865065169022\t0.1954365042840099\t0.2738230029326945\t5.595620791109341\t1.9622606126178066\t1.4867099008254359 +2378535\t3.1659512284409934\t0.19540275430935022\t0.2738228209722\t5.595765879996406\t1.9622588214298409\t1.608773149713941 +2378575\t3.1660170148375846\t0.19537290505720775\t0.2738228020501052\t5.595861239574224\t1.9622583437327963\t1.7308712260497714 +2378615\t3.1660886916411073\t0.19534525541200015\t0.27382272565444016\t5.59595696159322\t1.9622556863845892\t1.852956935225319 +... +2524495\t3.1910638433062832\t0.1580169036275147\t0.27690949570456175\t6.062065288302398\t1.8155928052908263\t5.023811855731282 +2524535\t3.1904006060810373\t0.15798539049688656\t0.27690432152001293\t6.063428406692523\t1.815477654071112\t5.143294384066329 +2524575\t3.1898352412830384\t0.1579429380990445\t0.276903443314996\t6.064555829021579\t1.8153794513396173\t5.263039455405513 +----------------- + + +Appendix 3: CODES Data File and ``Mu'' File +=========================================================================== + + The following description of the CODES data files was provided by + Jim Baer: + +----------------- +Asteroid Ephemeris BC405.2 + +This is a numerically-integrated ephemeris of the 300 asteroids used in +the force model of the JPL DE-405 planetary ephemeris; it accounts for +the mutual perturbations of all 300 asteroids upon one another, in +addition to perturbations from the Sun and planets. + +Like DE405, this ephemeris covers the years 1800 to 2200. More +specifically, entries begin at JD 2378495.0, and end at JD 2524615; +there are a total of 3654 entries spaced at 40-day intervals. For each +date, the ephemeris entry consists of the six classical orbital +elements +a in AUs +e +i in radians +w in radians +omega in radians +M in radians +for each of the 300 asteroids. Thus, the entry for each date consists +of 1800 numbers. Each line of the text file contains a single +double-precision number; there are no blank lines; as the entry for the +entry for the next date begins. The elements are in the heliocentric +ecliptic frame, referred to J2000. + +Thus, if we wish to find the classical elements for the i'th asteroid +at the j'th time interval, we would seek the following lines of text: +a = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 1 +e = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 2 +i = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 3 +w = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 4 +omega = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 5 +M = line 300*(j-1) + 6*(i-1) + 6 + + +The order in which the asteroids are presented, and the masses assumed +for each asteroid, are provided in the accompanying "mu.txt" file. + +I sincerely hope this ephemeris will find use in high-precision +applications such as collision analysis, mission design, and mass +determination. + +Any questions should be directed to jimbaer1@earthlink.net + +Jim Baer +July 25, 2010 +----------------- + + The "mu.txt" file accompanying the asteroid ephemeris data had + the following contents: + +----------------- +1 4.76E-10 +2 1.06E-10 +4 1.34E-10 +29 7.80E-12 +16 1.14E-11 +15 1.59E-11 +10 4.40E-11 +7 7.30E-12 +6 6.30E-12 +3 1.50E-11 +345 2.94E-13 +12 1.02E-12 +442 1.00E-13 +27 1.60E-12 +287 2.20E-13 +43 2.03E-13 +84 1.75E-13 +30 9.51E-13 +536 1.22E-12 +163 1.35E-13 +105 5.96E-13 +554 3.11E-13 +313 3.15E-13 +115 3.62E-13 +230 9.20E-13 +337 2.88E-13 +80 3.42E-13 +9 7.40E-12 +63 7.80E-13 +25 3.01E-13 +192 7.83E-13 +304 1.10E-13 +20 1.90E-12 +566 1.68E-12 +654 7.29E-13 +135 6.94E-13 +618 6.14E-13 +635 3.34E-13 +21 1.30E-12 +42 7.15E-13 +19 4.19E-12 +11 2.29E-12 +168 1.15E-12 +17 7.00E-13 +1467 4.96E-13 +329 1.66E-13 +46 6.74E-13 +751 4.76E-13 +89 2.47E-12 +449 2.21E-13 +334 1.33E-12 +134 6.61E-13 +535 1.46E-13 +626 3.61E-13 +5 1.26E-12 +712 7.32E-13 +107 5.63E-12 +409 1.49E-12 +362 3.32E-13 +405 6.87E-13 +32 3.74E-13 +14 3.50E-12 +91 4.67E-13 +111 3.06E-12 +1015 3.21E-13 +404 3.29E-13 +344 8.16E-13 +849 3.30E-13 +389 3.50E-13 +347 1.88E-13 +70 6.43E-13 +194 1.69E-12 +53 5.42E-13 +78 6.19E-13 +407 3.03E-13 +454 1.91E-13 +23 8.84E-13 +124 3.16E-13 +164 4.07E-13 +37 9.04E-13 +72 2.25E-13 +224 3.30E-13 +369 3.01E-13 +50 3.51E-13 +476 5.61E-13 +713 4.14E-13 +85 1.31E-12 +26 6.11E-13 +455 2.12E-13 +144 1.00E-12 +488 1.19E-12 +466 5.44E-13 +511 1.93E-11 +240 3.96E-13 +1036 2.26E-14 +141 7.94E-13 +97 7.93E-13 +326 2.84E-13 +77 4.63E-13 +694 2.64E-13 +145 1.22E-12 +75 2.41E-13 +225 6.17E-13 +201 4.46E-13 +324 5.10E-12 +34 5.16E-13 +98 4.02E-13 +31 2.70E-11 +175 3.63E-13 +109 2.52E-13 +58 2.88E-13 +103 5.39E-13 +59 1.58E-12 +54 1.61E-12 +146 8.15E-13 +45 2.86E-12 +209 1.44E-12 +410 6.65E-13 +160 1.89E-13 +140 4.67E-13 +156 6.25E-13 +110 8.90E-13 +187 7.98E-13 +18 1.51E-12 +387 7.22E-13 +200 7.46E-13 +185 1.38E-12 +57 1.01E-12 +247 8.57E-13 +372 2.37E-12 +980 4.55E-13 +481 5.12E-13 +521 5.46E-13 +206 5.09E-13 +38 5.50E-13 +173 1.29E-12 +36 4.15E-13 +171 5.60E-13 +490 1.33E-12 +381 6.18E-13 +128 2.35E-12 +93 9.88E-13 +71 4.13E-13 +356 7.99E-13 +127 6.62E-13 +41 1.86E-12 +143 2.57E-13 +94 3.03E-12 +39 2.80E-12 +88 9.10E-12 +433 3.36E-15 +8 3.40E-12 +532 8.68E-12 +92 2.82E-12 +275 5.36E-13 +65 6.90E-12 +444 3.60E-12 +393 3.21E-13 +147 8.29E-13 +205 1.87E-13 +28 1.26E-12 +139 1.35E-12 +68 1.31E-12 +322 4.96E-13 +416 4.44E-13 +216 3.44E-12 +354 2.66E-12 +346 8.59E-13 +236 4.55E-13 +365 4.19E-13 +266 4.58E-13 +804 2.06E-12 +385 5.45E-13 +81 5.96E-13 +909 5.57E-13 +129 2.72E-12 +508 1.02E-12 +195 2.22E-13 +47 1.09E-12 +104 6.67E-13 +426 7.24E-13 +471 1.72E-12 +431 3.03E-13 +386 1.58E-12 +238 1.15E-12 +338 3.51E-13 +22 4.07E-12 +24 4.00E-12 +674 6.56E-13 +702 3.04E-12 +40 8.86E-13 +705 8.53E-13 +776 1.22E-12 +375 3.55E-12 +69 3.68E-12 +150 1.22E-12 +117 1.16E-12 +35 3.87E-13 +747 1.79E-12 +772 5.75E-13 +360 5.47E-13 +388 5.25E-13 +250 7.08E-13 +176 6.26E-13 +162 6.92E-13 +350 5.85E-13 +506 4.19E-13 +211 1.04E-12 +514 4.22E-13 +241 1.70E-12 +740 2.65E-13 +96 1.73E-12 +663 3.62E-13 +451 4.02E-12 +895 1.01E-12 +423 3.21E-12 +95 8.88E-13 +49 1.54E-12 +602 6.84E-13 +52 1.32E-11 +159 6.88E-13 +357 4.21E-13 +545 4.86E-13 +469 6.98E-13 +373 3.10E-13 +48 1.30E-11 +137 1.08E-12 +86 6.18E-13 +121 2.71E-12 +196 1.80E-12 +62 3.06E-13 +90 4.17E-13 +791 3.91E-13 +120 1.86E-12 +683 1.94E-13 +212 8.90E-13 +283 6.94E-13 +691 2.38E-13 +596 5.14E-13 +709 3.18E-13 +191 3.64E-13 +74 5.90E-13 +203 5.54E-13 +377 2.66E-13 +112 1.33E-13 +165 1.32E-12 +363 1.34E-13 +276 6.34E-13 +739 4.37E-13 +1093 5.61E-13 +268 9.66E-13 +1021 3.46E-13 +210 2.29E-13 +505 5.36E-13 +99 1.31E-13 +690 8.69E-13 +366 2.91E-13 +814 4.64E-13 +788 3.93E-13 +303 3.45E-13 +780 2.97E-13 +259 2.01E-12 +489 9.56E-13 +568 2.32E-13 +358 2.52E-13 +424 2.34E-13 +412 2.65E-13 +762 7.04E-13 +308 9.82E-13 +102 2.02E-13 +56 5.12E-13 +154 2.23E-12 +83 7.52E-13 +328 1.32E-12 +769 4.25E-13 +181 8.46E-13 +221 7.96E-13 +491 3.25E-13 +349 1.94E-12 +148 3.29E-13 +704 1.96E-11 +595 4.58E-13 +213 2.02E-13 +419 7.57E-13 +335 2.49E-13 +114 3.49E-13 +233 3.83E-13 +498 7.91E-13 +914 1.59E-13 +44 2.51E-13 +790 1.74E-12 +76 2.19E-12 +420 9.94E-13 +106 1.11E-12 +130 3.32E-12 +13 7.50E-12 +87 7.43E-12 +51 1.14E-12 +773 3.11E-13 +336 1.17E-13 +----------------- diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.bpc b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.bpc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a980da Binary files /dev/null and b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.bpc differ diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.cmt b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.cmt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..190f125 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_200101_990825_predict.cmt @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + +Low accuracy, long term predict earth PCK +========================================= + +Created by: Nat Bachman (NAIF/JPL) +Creation date: 2023-06-03T03:59:00 +Program version: WRTPEM Version 7.0.0, 02-JUN-2023 +Original file name: earth_200101_990825_predict.bpc + +Data Sources + + Input file: extended EOP created from + + JPL EOP file latest.long + (Copied from WWW URL + http://epic.jpl.nasa.gov/nav/eop/latest.long) + + Source EOP metadata: + + $ JPL Earth Orientation Parameter File + $ Last Data Point 1-JUN-2023 + $ Predicts to 25-AUG-2023 + $ + EOPLBL='EOP. LAST DATUM 1-JUN-2023. PREDICTS->25-AUG-2023, UT1TYP=UT1. ' + EOPFNG='Enter MAKE_EOP 2-Jun-2023 11:03:48 linked 05-Aug-2020 19:40:42 ' + EOPUT1='UT1' + EOPTYP='EOP' + EOPTIM=' 2-Jun-2023 11:03:48 ' + EOPTRF='ITRF93' + EOPCRF='ICRF93' + + Input file: leapseconds kernel naif0012.tls + + +Coverage + + Start time: 2020 JAN 01 00:01:09.183 TDB + Stop time: 2099 AUG 25 00:01:09.182 TDB + + UTC Epoch of last datum: 1-JUN-2023 + +Particulars + + This is low-accuracy predict PCK file giving the orientation of the Earth as + a function of time for the interval shown above. This PCK file is made from + an extended EOP file which consists of the JPL EOP file named above, with + four extra records appended. These records are designed to add 76 years to + the coverage of the EOP file without affecting interpolated data values for + times within the coverage interval of the original EOP file. Data values + of records in the extended interval are constant, with the exception of + the TAI-UT1 offsets. Those are adjusted so that the corresponding values + of TAI-UT1R are constant. + + The terrestrial frame whose orientation is given by this file is ITRF93; the + inertial base frame is Ecliptic of J2000. Rotational effects included are: + + -Precession (1976 IAU model) + -Nutation (1980 IAU model) + -Nutation corrections + -Rotation through true sidereal time + -Polar motion + + Euler angles have been extracted from the Ecliptic-to-ITRF93 rotation matrix, + and Chebyshev polynomials were fit to the Euler angles. The Chebyshev + expansion degree was 49; the degree of the retained polynomials is 20. + The coverage interval for each set of polynomials is 1 day or less. + + This file represents the same earth orientation as does the cited EOP file + for the time range: + + 01-JAN-2020 UTC + 25-AUG-2023 UTC + + That EOP file was extended as described below. The extended EOP file + was used to create this binary PCK file. + + For epochs after the end of EOP coverage, polar motion and nutation + corrections from the EOP file are held constant at values obtained by + extrapolating 1 day from the last source EOP record. TAI-UT1 values are + set so that the corresponding TAI-UT1R values at each epoch of the + extrapolated records are equal. Details of the EOP extrapolation process + are given below. + + Let n be the number of data records in the original EOP file. Let + MJD(i) be the epoch of the ith record expressed as a modified + Julian date. The added records have the following + characteristics: + + Record n+1: Epoch is MJD(n) + 1. Nutation correction and polar + motion values are obtained by extrapolating to the + epoch a cubic Lagrange interpolating polynomial + fitted to the corresponding data in records n-3 : n. + TAI-UT1 is obtained by converting to TAI-UT1R the + TAI-UT1 data in records n-3 : n, extrapolating an + interpolating polynomial as for the other data, then + converting the extrapolated TAI-UTR1 value to TAI-UT1. + UTC string is consistent with the MJD epoch. + + Record n+2: Epoch is MJD(n) + 2. Nutation correction and polar + motion values match those of record n+1. TAI-UT1 is + set so that the corresponding value of TAI-UT1R at + this epoch is that corresponding to TAI-UT1 at the + epoch of record n+1. UTC string is consistent with the + MJD epoch. + + Record n+3: Epoch is MJD(n) + 3. Data values are as described for + record n+2, adjusted for this epoch. + + Record n+4: Epoch is MJD(n) + 28854. Data values are as described + for record n+2, adjusted for this epoch. + + In all of the four records described above, the values of TAI-UT1 + have been selected so the corresponding values of TAI-UT1R are + constant and equal to the value resulting from extrapolating the cubic + interpolating polynomial for TAI-UT1R, fitted to the final four values + of TAI-UT1R derived from the original EOP file, to the epoch of + record n+1. + + The expected behavior of the interpolation algorithm is as follows: + + Time range Interpolation characteristics + ============ ============================= + + Epoch of record 1 to + epoch of record n-1: Interpolation is identical to standard EOP + file, up to round-off error. + + Orientation error relative to that provided + by a binary PCK derived from the source EOP + file is non-zero due to differences in the + Chebyshev fitting process. Error is at the + 0.031 nanoradian level. + + Epoch of record n-1 to + epoch of record n: Nearly identical to standard EOP file; + small round-off error will occur. + + Orientation error relative to that provided + by a binary PCK derived from the source EOP + file at the at the 0.017 nanoradian level + [sic]. + + Epoch of record n to + epoch of record n+1: Some ringing of interpolated data + will occur. This interval has duration 1 day. + + Orientation difference relative to the + IAU_EARTH reference frame's rotation model + is at the 1.38 milliradian level. + + Epoch of record n+1 to + epoch of record n+2: Some ringing of interpolated data will occur. + This interval has duration 1 day. + + Orientation difference relative to the + IAU_EARTH reference frame's rotation model + is at the 1.38 milliradian level. + + Epoch of record n+2 to + epoch of record n+3: Ideally nutation corrections and polar + motion will be constant, as will TAI-UT1R + derived from TAI-UT1 values in the file. + Some round-off error should be expected. + This interval has duration 1 day. + + Orientation difference relative to the + IAU_EARTH reference frame's rotation model + is at the 1.39 milliradian level. + + Epoch of record n+3 to + epoch of record n+4: Data are as described for records n+2 to + n+3. This interval has duration ~76 years. + + Orientation difference relative to the + IAU_EARTH reference frame's rotation model + ranges from the 1.39 milliradian level at + the interval start to the 4.45 milliradian + level at the end. + diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.bpc b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.bpc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9188d2 Binary files /dev/null and b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.bpc differ diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.cmt b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.cmt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5011672 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_720101_230601.cmt @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Binary "High Accuracy" Earth PCK File +===================================== + +Created by: NAIF/JPL +Creation date: 2023-06-03T04:33:29 +Program version: WRTPEM Version 7.0.0, 02-JUN-2023 +Original file name: earth_720101_230601.bpc + +Data Sources + + Input EOP file: latest.long + Input LSK: naif0012.tls + +Coverage + + ET Start time: 1972 JAN 01 00:00:42.183 TDB + ET Stop time: 2023 JUN 01 00:01:09.184 TDB + + UTC Epoch of last datum: 2023 JUN 01 00:00:00.000 UTC + +Particulars + + The body ID code used in this file for the Earth is 3000; this + number indicates that the terrestrial frame used is ITRF93. + + This file is a "high-precision" PCK file giving the orientation of + the Earth as a function of time for the interval shown above. The + terrestrial frame is ITRF93; the inertial base frame is Ecliptic of + J2000. Rotational effects included are: + + -Precession (1976 IAU model) + -Nutation (1980 IAU model) + -Rotation through true sidereal time + -Polar motion + -Nutation corrections + + Euler angles have been extracted from the Ecliptic-to-ITRF93 + rotation matrix, and Chebyshev polynomials were fit to the + Euler angles. The Chebyshev expansion degree was 49; the + degree of the retained polynomials is 20. The coverage + interval for each set of polynomials is 1 day or less. + +Usage + + This file may be used for applications requiring earth orientation + accuracy of several microradians. + + Note that high accuracy transformation of station locations + from terrestrial to inertial reference frames requires + accounting for motion of the station relative to the terrestrial + reference frame; such motion is not reflected by the rotation + data in this file. + +******************************************************************************** diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.bpc b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.bpc index 2483717..e282c75 100644 Binary files a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.bpc and b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.bpc differ diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.cmt b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.cmt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0a43f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/earth_latest_high_prec.cmt @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Binary "High Accuracy" Earth PCK File +===================================== + +Created by: NAIF/JPL +Creation date: 2023-09-14T17:07:02 +Program version: WRTPEM Version 7.0.0, 02-JUN-2023 +Original file name: /home/nbachman/make_earth_pck/earth_000101_231207_230914.bpc + +Data Sources + + Input EOP file: /home/nbachman/make_earth_pck/latest.long + Input LSK: /group/naif/kernels/gen/lsk/leapseconds.ker + +Coverage + + ET Start time: 2000 JAN 01 00:01:04.183 TDB + ET Stop time: 2023 DEC 07 00:01:09.183 TDB + + UTC Epoch of last datum: 2023 SEP 14 00:00:00.000 UTC + +Particulars + + The body ID code used in this file for the Earth is 3000; this + number indicates that the terrestrial frame used is ITRF93. + + This file is a "high-precision" PCK file giving the orientation of + the Earth as a function of time for the interval shown above. The + terrestrial frame is ITRF93; the inertial base frame is Ecliptic of + J2000. Rotational effects included are: + + -Precession (1976 IAU model) + -Nutation (1980 IAU model) + -Rotation through true sidereal time + -Polar motion + -Nutation corrections + + Euler angles have been extracted from the Ecliptic-to-ITRF93 + rotation matrix, and Chebyshev polynomials were fit to the + Euler angles. The Chebyshev expansion degree was 49; the + degree of the retained polynomials is 20. The coverage + interval for each set of polynomials is 1 day or less. + +Usage + + This file may be used for applications requiring earth orientation + accuracy of several microradians. + + Note that high accuracy transformation of station locations + from terrestrial to inertial reference frames requires + accounting for motion of the station relative to the terrestrial + reference frame; such motion is not reflected by the rotation + data in this file. + +******************************************************************************** diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/mars_iau2000_v1.tpc b/resource/spice_kernels/mars_iau2000_v1.tpc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48735a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/mars_iau2000_v1.tpc @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +KPL/PCK + + +P_constants (PCK) SPICE kernel file mars_iau2000_v1.tpc +=========================================================================== + + By: Nat Bachman, Boris Semenov (NAIF) 2023 January 18 + + +Organization +-------------------------------------------------------- + + The contents of this file are as follows. + + Introductory Information: + + -- Version description + + -- Disclaimer + + -- Sources + + -- Body numbers and names + + PCK Data: + + -- Orientation constants for Mars and its natural + satellites + + -- Radii of Mars and its natural satellites + + Additional data: + + -- Variables that prevent conflicts with Mars system + orientation data in pck00011.tpc and pck00011_n0066.tpc. + See the version description below. + +Version description +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file was created on January 18, 2023. + + Orientation data in this file for Mars and its natural satellites + are from reference [1] and are identical to those provided in the + PCK file + + mars_iau2000_v0.tpc + + The IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational + Elements has published several updates to the Mars system orientation + data presented here; the latest updates are available in references + [4] and [5]. + + The Mars system shape data in this file are from reference [4]. + These sets of triaxial ellipsoid radii are identical to those for + the corresponding bodies in the files + + pck00011.tpc + pck00011_n0066.tpc + + which are the latest generic PCK files released by NAIF. Data in + those files are primarily from reference [4]. + + WARNING: + + Mars system orientation data in the PCK files pck00011*.tpc listed + above are incompatible with corresponding data from older PCK files. + + Loading either of the pck00011*.tpc files, and then loading older + PCK files, including + + mars_iau2000_v0.tpc + pck00010.tpc + + will make Mars system orientation data from the later loaded files + unusable. After this sequence of kernel loads, calls to SPICE APIs + that require the orientation of Mars, Phobos, or Deimos, for example + calls to the SPICE APIs PXFORM or SXFORM, will cause the error + SPICE(INSUFFICIENTANGLES) to be signaled. + + Mars system orientation data in the file pck00011.tpc cannot be + used with SPICE Toolkit versions earlier than N0067. + + This update of mars_iau2000_v0.tpc works around the problem described + above. This PCK contains variables that enable Mars system orientation + data in this file to be safely used when this file is loaded after + either pck00011.tpc or pck00011_n0066.tpc. + + After this file is loaded, it is safe to load other, older PCKs + and use the Mars system orientation data from those files, even + if one of the pck00011*.tpc files had been loaded before this file. + + This kernel may be used by any SPICE Toolkit version. + + +Disclaimer +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This constants file may not contain the parameter values that + you prefer. Note that this file may be readily modified by + you or anyone else. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file + visually before proceeding with any critical or extended + data processing. + + NAIF requests that you update the ``by line' and date if you + modify the file. + + +Sources +-------------------------------------------------------- + + The sources for the constants listed in this file are: + + [1] Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., + Bergh, C. de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., + Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C. (2002). + "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic + Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and + Satellites: 2000," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical + Astronomy, v.82, Issue 1, pp. 83-111. + + [2] ``Planetary Geodetic Control Using Satellite + Imaging,'' Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, + No. B3, March 10, 1979, by Thomas C. Duxbury. This + paper is cataloged as NAIF document 190.0. + + [3] Letter from Thomas C. Duxbury to Dr. Ephraim + Lazeryevich Akim, Keldish Institute of Applied + Mathematics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. + This letter is catalogued as NAIF document number + 195.0. + + [4] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., A'Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., + Consolmagno, G.J., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, + J.L., Kirk, R.L., Klinoner, S.A., McCarthy, D., + Meech, K., Oberst, J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Tholen, + D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P., "Report of the IAU + Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational + Elements: 2015," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy + 130, Article number 22 (2018). + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5 + + [5] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., Conrad, A., Duxbury, T., + Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Jorda, L., Kirk, R.L., + Klinoner, Margot, J.-L., S.A., Meech, K., Oberst, + Paganelli, F., J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Stark, A., + Tholen, Wang, Y., and Williams, I.P., "Correction to: + Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates + and Rotational Elements: 2015." + + + Values in this file are from [1] and [4]. All exceptions + are commented where they occur in this file. The exceptions are: + + -- The second nutation precession angle (M2) for Mars is + represented by a quadratic polynomial in the 2002 + IAU report [1]. Prior to the N0067 version of the SPICE + Toolkit, SPICE PCK orientation evaluation software could + not handle this term, so we truncate the polynomial + to a linear one. + + -- Values for Mars' prime meridian offset are listed + as comments. These are taken from [2] and [3]. + + +Body numbers and names +-------------------------------------------------------- + + The NAIF ID codes used in this file are + + 4 Mars barycenter + 499 Mars + 401 Phobos + 402 Deimos + + See the NAIF_IDS Required Reading for the full list of ID + codes recognized by the SPICE system. + + +Orientation constants for Mars and its natural satellites +--------------------------------------------------------- + +Mars + + Values are from [1]. + + \begindata + + BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.68143 -0.1061 0. ) + BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( 52.88650 -0.0609 0. ) + BODY499_PM = ( 176.630 350.89198226 ) + + \begintext + + Source [2] specifies the following value for the lambda_a term + (BODY4_LONG_AXIS ) for Mars. + + This term is the POSITIVE WEST LONGITUDE, measured from the prime + meridian, of the longest axis of the ellipsoid representing the ``mean + planet surface,'' as the article states. + + body499_long_axis = ( 110. ) + + Source [3] specifies the lambda_a value + + body499_long_axis = ( 104.9194 ) + + We list these lambda_a values for completeness. The IAU gives equal + values for both equatorial radii, so the lambda_a offset does not + apply to the IAU model. + + + The 2000 IAU report defines M2, the second nutation precession angle, + by: + 2 + 192.93 + 1128.4096700 d + 8.864 T + + We truncate the M2 series to a linear expression, because SPICE PCK + orientation evaluation software, prior to SPICE Toolkit version N0067, + could not handle the quadratic term. + + Again, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0: + + -0.4357640000000000 --> -15916.28010000000 + 1128.409670000000 --> 41215163.19675000 + -1.8151000000000000E-02 --> -662.9652750000000 + + We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which + is the pi/2-complement of the third angle. This angle is used + in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos. See the + discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation + constants for Deimos. + + \begindata + + BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 169.51 -15916.2801 + 192.93 +41215163.19675 + 53.47 -662.965275 + 36.53 +662.965275 ) + + \begintext + + +Satellites of Mars + + + Phobos + + Values are from [1]. + + The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: + + 8.864000000000000 ---> 6.6443009930565219E-09 + + \begindata + + BODY401_POLE_RA = ( 317.68 -0.108 0. ) + BODY401_POLE_DEC = ( +52.90 -0.061 0. ) + BODY401_PM = ( 35.06 + +1128.8445850 + 6.6443009930565219D-09 ) + + BODY401_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA = ( +1.79 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -1.08 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -1.42 -0.78 0. 0. ) + + \begintext + + + Deimos + + Values are from [1]. + + The Deimos prime meridian expression is: + + + 2 + W = 79.41 + 285.1618970 d - 0.520 T - 2.58 sin M + 3 + + + 0.19 cos M . + 3 + + + SPICE PCK orientation evaluation software cannot handle the + cosine term directly, but we can represent it as + + 0.19 sin M + 4 + + where + + M = 90.D0 - M + 4 3 + + Therefore, the nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos + and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three. + + The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: + + -0.5200000000000000 ---> -3.8978300049519307E-10 + + \begindata + + BODY402_POLE_RA = ( 316.65 -0.108 0. ) + BODY402_POLE_DEC = ( +53.52 -0.061 0. ) + BODY402_PM = ( 79.41 +285.1618970 -3.897830D-10 ) + BODY402_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +2.98 0. ) + BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.78 0. ) + BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -2.58 0.19 ) + + \begintext + + + +Radii for Mars and its natural satellites +-------------------------------------------------------- + +Mars + + Old values: + + Values for Mars are unchanged in the 2015 report [4]. + + Current values: + + The 2015 IAU report [4] gives separate values for the north and + south polar radii: + + north: 3373.19 + south: 3379.21 + + The report provides the average of these values as well, + which we use as the polar radius for the triaxial model. + + \begindata + + BODY499_RADII = ( 3396.19 3396.19 3376.20 ) + + \begintext + + +Satellites of Mars + + Old values: + + Values are from [1]. + + + body401_radii = ( 13.4 11.2 9.2 ) + body402_radii = ( 7.5 6.1 5.2 ) + + Current values: + + Values for Mars are from the 2015 report [4]. + + +\begindata + + BODY401_RADII = ( 13.0 11.4 9.1 ) + BODY402_RADII = ( 7.8 6.0 5.1 ) + +\begintext + + +Variables that prevent conflicts with PCKs pck00011*.tpc +-------------------------------------------------------- + +\begindata + + BODY4_MAX_PHASE_DEGREE = 1 + + BODY499_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0 ) + BODY499_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0 ) + BODY499_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0 ) + +\begintext + +[End of file] diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.bpc b/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.bpc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58655ba Binary files /dev/null and b/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.bpc differ diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.cmt b/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.cmt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c8ab40 --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/moon_pa_de440_200625.cmt @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + SPICE Binary Lunar PCK + ===================================================================== + + Original file name: moon_pa_de440_200625.bpc + Creation date: 2021 June 25, 17:00 + Created by: Nat Bachman (NAIF/JPL) + + + This kernel contains high-accuracy lunar orientation data from the + JPL Solar System Dynamics Group's planetary ephemeris DE440. + + The DE440 ephemeris is documented in + + [1] Ryan S. Park, et al, "The JPL Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides + DE440 and DE441," The Astronomical Journal, Volume 161, Number 3. + 2021 AJ 161 105. + + URL: + + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/abd414/meta + + + Applications using this file must also load the NAIF lunar frame kernel + + moon_de440_200625.tf + + which contains frame specifications required in order to use this + PCK file. See this frame kernel for detailed documentation describing the + lunar body-fixed frames supported by SPICE. + + This PCK file, when used together with cited frame kernel, provides the + orientation of the lunar Principal Axes (PA) reference frame defined by + DE440, relative to the ICRF. + + These kernels, used together, also provide the orientation relative to the + ICRF of a variant of the Mean Earth/Polar Axis (ME) reference frame, which + has been defined to align closely with the DE421 ME reference frame. See + [1] for a description of this reference frame. + + See the cited frame kernel for the names and ID codes used by the SPICE + system for these reference frames. + + This file covers the time period shown below: + + Start of Interval (ET) End of Interval (ET) + ----------------------------- ----------------------------- + 1549 DEC 31 00:00:00.000 2650 JAN 25 00:00:00.000 + diff --git a/resource/spice_kernels/pck00011.tpc b/resource/spice_kernels/pck00011.tpc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1e08af --- /dev/null +++ b/resource/spice_kernels/pck00011.tpc @@ -0,0 +1,4318 @@ +KPL/PCK + +P_constants (PCK) SPICE kernel file pck00011.tpc +=========================================================================== + + By: Nat Bachman (NAIF) 2022 December 27 + + +Toolkit Compatibility Warning +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file provides Mars system rotation data usable with the + N0067 and newer versions of the SPICE Toolkit. Using it to compute + Mars, Phobos, or Deimos orientation with Toolkit versions N0066 + or earlier may cause fatal run-time memory corruption in user + programs. See "Software limitations" below. + + All other data are compatible with the N0066 and earlier Toolkits. + + NAIF provides the PCK file pck00011_n0066.tpc for use with + older Toolkits. That PCK contains all the data from this file, + except that, in that file, one of the phase angle polynomials + for Phobos is truncated to first order. + + +Purpose +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file makes available for use in SPICE-based application + software orientation and size/shape data for natural bodies. The + principal source of the data is a published report by the IAU + Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements + [1]. + + Orientation and size/shape data not provided by this file may be + available in mission-specific PCK files. Such PCKs may be the + preferred data source for mission-related applications. + Mission-specific PCKs can be found in PDS archives or on the NAIF + web site at URL: + + https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/data.html + + +Version Description +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file was created on December 27, 2022 by NASA's Navigation + and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) group, located at the Jet + Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. + + The previous version of the file was + + pck00010.tpc + + That file was published October 21, 2011. + + This version incorporates data from sources listed under "Sources and + References" below. The primary sources are [1] and [2]. This file + contains size, shape, and orientation data for all objects covered + by the previous version of the file. + + New objects covered by this file but not by the previous + version are: + + Asteroid 52 Europa + Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + Aegaeon (Saturn LIII) + Comet Hartley 2 + Asteroid Psyche + + Orientation data for the following objects provided by this file differ + from those provided by the previous version: + + Mercury + + Mars + Deimos + Phobos + + Neptune + + Ceres + Steins + Vesta + + Borrelly + Tempel 1 + + Radii for the following objects provided by this file differ + from those provided by the previous version: + + Sun + + Mercury + + Anthe + Atlas + Calypso + Daphnis + Epimetheus + Helene + Janus + Methone + Pallene + Pan + Pandora + Prometheus + Telesto + + Pluto + Charon + + Itokawa + + +File Organization +-------------------------------------------------------- + + The contents of this file are as follows. + + Introductory Information: + + -- Purpose + + -- Version description + + -- File Organization + + -- Disclaimer + + -- Sources + + -- Explanatory notes + + -- Body numbers and names + + + PcK Data: + + + Orientation Data + ---------------- + + -- Orientation constants for the Sun, planets, and + Pluto. Additional items included in this section: + + - North geomagnetic centered dipole value + for the year 2023 + + -- Orientation constants for satellites + + -- Orientation constants for asteroids + + 52 Europa + Davida + Eros + Gaspra + Hartley 2 (data shown in comments only) + Ida + Itokawa + Lutetia + Pallas + Steins + Vesta + + -- Orientation constants for comets + + 19P/Borrelly + 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + Hartley 2 (data shown in comments only) + 9P/Tempel 1 + + + Orientation data provided in this file are used + by the SPICE Toolkit to evaluate the orientation + of body-fixed, body-centered reference frames + with respect to the ICRF frame ("J2000" in + SPICE documentation). These body-fixed frames + have names of the form + + IAU_ + + for example + + IAU_JUPITER + + See the PCK Required Reading file pck.req for details. + + + + Radii of Bodies + --------------- + + -- Radii of Sun, planets, and Pluto + + -- Radii of satellites, where available + + -- Radii of asteroids + + 52 Europa + Ceres + Davida + Eros + Gaspra + Ida + Itokawa + Lutetia + Mathilde + Psyche + Steins + Toutatis + Vesta + + -- Radii of comets + + 19P/Borrelly + 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + 81P/Wild 2 + 9P/Tempel 1 + Halley + Hartley 2 + + +Disclaimer +-------------------------------------------------------- + +Applicability of Data + + This P_constants file (PCK) may not contain the parameter values + that you prefer. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file visually + before proceeding with any critical or extended data processing. + +File Modifications by Users + + Note that this file may be readily modified by you to change + values or add/delete parameters. NAIF requests that you update the + "by line," date, version description section, and file name + if you modify this file. + + A user-modified file should be thoroughly tested before + being published or otherwise distributed. + + P_constants files must conform to the standards described + in the two SPICE technical reference documents: + + PCK Required Reading + Kernel Required Reading + + +Known Limitations and Caveats + + Accuracy + -------- + + In general, the orientation models given here are claimed by the + IAU Working Group Report [1] to be accurate to 0.1 degree + ([1], p. 9). However, NAIF notes that orientation models for + natural satellites and asteroids have in some cases changed + substantially with the availability of new observational data, so + users are urged to investigate the suitability for their + applications of the models presented here. + + Earth orientation + ----------------- + + The IAU report [1] no longer provides rotational elements for the + Earth. Data in this file are from [3]. + + NAIF strongly cautions against using the earth rotation model + presented here, corresponding to the SPICE reference frame name + IAU_EARTH, for work demanding high accuracy. This model has been + determined by NAIF to have an error in the prime meridian location + of magnitude at least 150 arcseconds, with a local minimum + occurring during the year 1999. Regarding availability of better + earth orientation data for use with the SPICE system: + + Earth orientation data are available from NAIF in the form of + binary earth PCK files. These files provide orientation data + for the ITRF93 (terrestrial) reference frame relative to the + ICRF. + + NAIF employs an automated process to create these files; each + time JPL's Tracking Systems and Applications Section produces a + new earth orientation parameter (EOP) file, a new PCK is + produced. These PCKs cover a roughly 23 year time span starting + at Jan. 1, 2000. In these PCK files, the following effects are + accounted for in modeling the earth's rotation: + + - Precession: 1976 IAU model + + - Nutation: 1980 IAU model, plus interpolated + EOP nutation corrections + + - Polar motion: interpolated from EOP file + + - True sidereal time: + + UT1 - UT1R (if needed): given by analytic formula + + TAI - UT1 (or UT1R): interpolated from EOP file + + UT1 - GMST: given by analytic formula + + equation of equinoxes: given by analytic formula + + where + + TAI = International Atomic Time + UT1 = Greenwich hour angle of computed mean sun - 12h + UT1R = Regularized UT1 + GMST = Greenwich mean sidereal time + + These kernels are available from the NAIF web site + + https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck + + At this time, these kernels have file names of the form + + earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc + + The first date in the file name, meaning 2000 January 1, is the + file's coverage begin time. The second and third dates are, + respectively, the file's coverage end time and the epoch of the + last datum. + + These binary PCK files are very accurate (error < 0.1 + microradian) for epochs preceding the epoch of the last datum. + For later epochs, the error rises to several microradians. + + Binary PCK files giving accurate earth orientation from 1972 to + 2007 and *low accuracy* predicted earth orientation from + 2020 to 2099 are also available in the same location. + + Characteristics and names of the binary kernels described here + are subject to change. See the aareadme.txt file at the URL + above for details. + + + Lunar orientation + ----------------- + + The IAU report [1] no longer provides rotational elements for the + Moon. Data in this file are from [3]. + + The lunar orientation formula provided by this file is a + trigonometric polynomial approximation yielding the orientation of + the lunar "Mean Earth/Polar Axis" (ME) reference frame. The + SPICE reference frame name corresponding to this model is + IAU_MOON. + + A more accurate approximation can be obtained by using both the + latest NAIF lunar frame kernel and the latest binary lunar orientation + PCK file. These files provide orientation data for the both the Mean + Earth/Polar Axis frame, which has the SPICE name MOON_ME, and the + Lunar Principal Axes frame, which has the SPICE name MOON_PA. + + These files are available on the NAIF web site; lunar PCKs are + located at the PCK URL above; lunar frame kernels are located at + + https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/generic_kernels/fk/satellites + + The latest lunar frame kernel has a name of the form + + moon_dennn_yymmdd.tf + + The latest binary lunar PCK has a name of the form + + moon_pa_dennn_yymmdd.bpc + + See the "aareadme.txt" files in the paths shown above for details + on file contents and versions. We also suggest you refer to the + SPICE tutorial named "lunar_earth_pck-fk," which is available from + the NAIF web site. + + + Geomagnetic dipole + ------------------ + + The SPICE Toolkit doesn't currently contain software to model the + north geomagnetic centered dipole as a function of time. + As a convenience for users, this dipole's location at the + epoch 2023.0 was selected as a representative datum, and the + planetocentric longitude and latitude of this location have been + associated with the keywords + + BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON + BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT + + Older values for the north geomagnetic centered dipole are + presented in comments as a discrete time series for the time range + 1945-2000. For details concerning the geomagnetic field model from + which these values were derived, including a discussion of the + model's accuracy, see [9] and [11]. + + + Prime meridian offsets + ---------------------- + + Prime meridian offset kernel variables, which have names + of the form + + BODYnnn_LONG_AXIS + + are not used by SPICE geometry software. These variables should be + considered deprecated; however, they will be retained for + backwards compatibility. + + Users wishing to specify an offset reflecting the orientation of a + reference ellipsoid relative to a body-fixed reference frame + specified here should do so by creating a constant-offset frame + (also called a "TK" frame) specification. See the Frames Required + Reading frames.req for details. + + The Mars prime meridian offset given by [6] is provided for + informational purposes only. + + + Software limitations + -------------------- + + SPICE Toolkits prior to version N0067 cannot make use of + the Mars system orientation data provided in this file. These + older Toolkits are unable to detect and signal a SPICE error if + they are used to compute orientation of Mars, Phobos, or Deimos + using these data: memory corruption will occur in user applications + linked these Toolkits if the applications attempt such computations. + Any results, including those of unrelated computations, may be invalid + after such memory corruption occurs. + + +Sources and References +-------------------------------------------------------- + + Sources and background references for the constants listed in this + file are: + + + [1] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., A'Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., + Consolmagno, G.J., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, + J.L., Kirk, R.L., Klinoner, S.A., McCarthy, D., + Meech, K., Oberst, J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Tholen, + D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P., "Report of the IAU + Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational + Elements: 2015," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy + 130, Article number 22 (2018). + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5 + + [2] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., Conrad, A., Duxbury, T., + Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Jorda, L., Kirk, R.L., + Klinoner, Margot, J.-L., S.A., Meech, K., Oberst, + Paganelli, F., J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Stark, A., + Tholen, Wang, Y., and Williams, I.P., "Correction to: + Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates + and Rotational Elements: 2015." + + [3] Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., Bowell, E., Conrad, A., + Consolmagno, G.J., Courtin, R., Fukushima, T., + Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Krasinsky, G.A., + Neumann, G., Oberst, J., Seidelmann, P.K., Stooke, P., + Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P. + "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates + and Rotational Elements: 2009." + + [4] Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., + Consolmagno, G.J., Courtin, R., Fukushima, T., + Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Krasinsky, G.A., + Neumann, G., Oberst, J., Seidelmann, P.K., Stooke, P., + Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P. + "Erratum to: Reports of the IAU Working Group on + Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2006 & + 2009." + + [5] Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., + Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Hestroffer, D., + Hilton, J.L., Krasinsky, G.A., Neumann, G., + Oberst, J., Stooke, P., Tedesco, E.F., Tholen, D.J., + and Thomas, P.C. "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group + on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2006." + + [6] Duxbury, Thomas C. (2001). "IAU/IAG 2000 Mars Cartographic + Conventions," presentation to the Mars Express Data + Archive Working Group, Dec. 14, 2001. + + [7] Russell, C.T. and Luhmann, J.G. (1990). "Earth: Magnetic + Field and Magnetosphere." . Originally + published in "Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences," J.H. + Shirley and R.W. Fainbridge, eds. Chapman and Hall, + New York, pp 208-211. + + [8] Russell, C.T. (1971). "Geophysical Coordinate + Transformations," Cosmic Electrodynamics 2 184-186. + NAIF document 181.0. + + [9] ESA/ESTEC Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) + (2003). Web page: "Dipole approximations of the + geomagnetic field." . + + [10] Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Hunt, G.E., + and Lieske, J.H. (1989). "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR + Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational + Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1988," Celestial + Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.46, no.2, pp. + 187-204. + + [11] International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy + Web page: "International Geomagnetic Reference Field." + Discussion URL: + + http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html + + Coefficients URL: + + https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/coeffs/igrf13coeffs.txt + + [12] Email communication from Dr. Brent Archinal (IAU WGCCRE Chair, + USGS): "Re: Shape of comet Hartley 2." Dated December 22, 2022. + + [13] Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., + Cruikshank, D.P., Hilton, J.L., Keller, H.U., Oberst, J., + Simon, J.L., Stooke, P., Tholen, D.J., and Thomas, P.C. + "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic + Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and + Satellites: 2003," Unpublished. + + + Most values are from [1]. All exceptions are + commented where they occur in this file. The exceptions are: + + -- Phobos prime meridian constants are from [2]. + + -- Lunar orientation data are from [3]. + + -- Earth orientation data are from [3]. + + -- North geomagnetic centered dipole values were + computed by Nat Bachman from the 13th generation IGRF. + The data source was [11]. + + "Old values" listed are from the SPICE PCK file pck00010.tpc + dated October 21, 2011. Most of these values came from the 2009 + IAU report [3]. + + + +Explanatory Notes +-------------------------------------------------------- + + This file, which is logically part of the SPICE P-kernel, contains + constants used to model the orientation, size and shape of the + Sun, planets, natural satellites, and selected comets and + asteroids. The orientation models express the direction of the + pole and location of the prime meridian of a body as a function of + time. The size/shape models ("shape models" for short) represent + all bodies as ellipsoids, using two equatorial radii and a polar + radius. Spheroids and spheres are obtained when two or all three + radii are equal. + + The SPICE Toolkit routines that use this file are documented in + the SPICE "Required Reading" file pck.req. They are also + documented in the "PCK" SPICE tutorial, which is available on + the NAIF web site. + +File Format + + A terse description of the PCK file format is given here. See the + SPICE "Required Reading" files pck.req and kernel.req for a + detailed explanation of the SPICE text kernel file format. The + files pck.req and kernel.req are included in the documentation + provided with the SPICE Toolkit. + + The file starts out with the ``ID word'' string + + KPL/PCK + + This string identifies the file as a text kernel containing PCK + data. + + This file consists of a series of comment blocks and data blocks. + Comment blocks, which contain free-form descriptive or explanatory + text, are preceded by a \begintext token. Data blocks follow a + \begindata token. In order to be recognized, each of these tokens + must be placed on a line by itself. + + The portion of the file preceding the first data block is treated + as a comment block; it doesn't require an initial \begintext + token. + + This file identifies data using a series of + + KEYWORD = VALUE + + assignments. The left hand side of each assignment is a + "kernel variable" name; the right hand side is an associated value + or list of values. SPICE kernel pool access routines (see kernel.req) + enable other SPICE routines and user applications to retrieve the + set of values associated with each kernel variable name. + + Kernel variable names are case-sensitive and are limited to + 32 characters in length. + + Numeric values may be integer or floating point. String values + are normally limited to 80 characters in length; however, SPICE + provides a mechanism for identifying longer, "continued" strings. + See the SPICE routine STPOOL for details. + + String values are single quoted. + + When the right hand side of an assignment is a list of values, + the list items may be separated by commas or simply by blanks. + The list must be bracketed by parentheses. Example: + + BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.1366 6378.1366 6356.7519 ) + + Any blanks preceding or following keyword names, values and equal + signs are ignored. + + Assignments may be spread over multiple lines, for example: + + BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.1366 + 6378.1366 + 6356.7519 ) + + This file may contain blank lines anywhere. Non-printing + characters including TAB should not be present in the file: the + presence of such characters may cause formatting errors when the + file is viewed. + +Time systems and reference frames + + The 2015 IAU Working Group Report [1] states the time scale used + as the independent variable for the rotation formulas is + Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) and that the epoch of variable + quantities is J2000 TDB (2000 Jan 1 12:00:00 TDB, Julian ephemeris + date 2451545.0 TDB). Throughout SPICE documentation and in this + file, we use the names "J2000 TDB" and "J2000" for this epoch. The + name "J2000.0" is equivalent. + + SPICE documentation refers to the time system used in this file + as either "ET" or "TDB." SPICE software makes no distinction + between TDB and the time system associated with the independent + variable of the JPL planetary ephemerides T_eph. + + The inertial reference frame used for the rotational elements in + this file is identified by [1] as the ICRF (International + Celestial Reference Frame). + + The SPICE PCK software that reads this file uses the label "J2000" + to refer to the ICRF; this is actually a mislabeling which has + been retained in the interest of backward compatibility. Using + data from this file, by means of calls to the SPICE frame + transformation routines, will actually compute orientation + relative to the ICRF. + + The difference between the J2000 frame and the ICRF is + on the order of 100 milliarcseconds and is well below the + accuracy level of the formulas in this file. + +Orientation models + + All of the complete orientation models use three Euler angles to + describe the orientation of the coordinate axes of the "Body Equator + and Prime Meridian" system with respect to an inertial system. By + default, the inertial system is the ICRF (labeled as "J2000"), but + other inertial frames can be specified in the file. See the PCK + Required Reading for details. + + The first two angles, in order, are the ICRF right ascension and + declination (henceforth RA and DEC) of the north pole of a body as + a function of time. The third angle is the prime meridian location + (represented by "W"), which is expressed as a rotation about the + north pole, and is also a function of time. + + For each body, the expressions for the north pole's right + ascension and declination, as well as prime meridian location, are + sums (as far as the models that appear in this file are concerned) + of quadratic polynomials and trigonometric polynomials, where the + independent variable is time. + + In this file, the time arguments in expressions always refer to + Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB), measured in centuries or days + past a reference epoch. By default, the reference epoch is the + J2000 epoch, which is Julian ephemeris date 2451545.0 (2000 Jan 1 + 12:00:00 TDB), but other epochs can be specified in the file. See + the PCK Required Reading for details. + + Orientation models for satellites and some planets (including + Jupiter) involve both polynomial terms and trigonometric terms. + The arguments of the trigonometric terms are linear or quadratic + polynomials. In this file, we call the arguments of these + trigonometric terms "nutation precession angles" or "phase angles." + + Example: 2015 IAU Model for orientation of Jupiter. Note that + these values are used as an example only; see the data area below + for current values. + + Right ascension + --------------- + + alpha = 268.056595 - 0.006499 T + 0.000117 sin(Ja) + 0 + 0.000938 sin(Jb) + 0.001432 sin(Jc) + + 0.000030 sin(Jd) + 0.002150 sin(Je) + + Declination + ----------- + + delta = 64.495303 + 0.002413 T + 0.000050 cos(Ja) + 0 + 0.000404 cos(Jb) + 0.000617 cos(Jc) + - 0.000013 cos(Jd) + 0.000926 cos(Je) + + Prime meridian + -------------- + + W = 284.95 + 870.5366420 d + + + Here + + T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ), + + d represents days past J2000 ( TDB ). + + Ja-Je are nutation precession angles. + + In this file, the polynomials' coefficients above are assigned + to kernel variable names (left-hand-side symbols) as follows + + BODY599_POLE_RA = ( 268.056595 -0.006499 0. ) + BODY599_POLE_DEC = ( 64.495303 0.002413 0. ) + BODY599_PM = ( 284.95 870.5360000 0. ) + + and the trigonometric polynomials' coefficients are assigned + as follows + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.000117 + 0.000938 + 0.001432 + 0.000030 + 0.002150 ) + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.000050 + 0.000404 + 0.000617 + -0.000013 + 0.000926 ) + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 ) + + Note the number "599"; this is the NAIF ID code for Jupiter. + + In this file, the polynomial expressions for the nutation + precession angles are listed along with the planet's RA, DEC, and + prime meridian terms. Below are the 2006 IAU nutation precession + angles for the Jupiter system. + + J1 = 73.32 + 91472.9 T + J2 = 24.62 + 45137.2 T + J3 = 283.90 + 4850.7 T + J4 = 355.80 + 1191.3 T + J5 = 119.90 + 262.1 T + J6 = 229.80 + 64.3 T + J7 = 352.25 + 2382.6 T + J8 = 113.35 + 6070.0 T + + J9 = 146.64 + 182945.8 T + J10 = 49.24 + 90274.4 T + + Ja = 99.360714 + 4850.4046 T + Jb = 175.895369 + 1191.9605 T + Jc = 300.323162 + 262.5475 T + Jd = 114.012305 + 6070.2476 T + Je = 49.511251 + 64.3000 T + + Here + + T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ) + + J1-J10 and Ja-Je are the nutation precession angles. The angles + J9 and J10 are equal to 2*J1 and 2*J2, respectively. + + Angles J9 and J10 are not present in [1]; they have been added + to fit the terms 2*J1 and 2*J2, which appear in the orientation + models of several satellites, into a form that can be accepted + by the PCK system. + + The assignment of the nutation precession angles for the + Jupiter system is as follows: + + BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 73.32 91472.9 + 24.62 45137.2 + 283.90 4850.7 + 355.80 1191.3 + 119.90 262.1 + 229.80 64.3 + 352.25 2382.6 + 113.35 6070.0 + 146.64 182945.8 + 49.24 90274.4 + 99.360714 4850.4046 + 175.895369 1191.9605 + 300.323162 262.5475 + 114.012305 6070.2476 + 49.511251 64.3000 ) + + You'll see an additional symbol grouped with the ones listed + above; it is + + BODY599_LONG_AXIS + + This is a deprecated feature; see the note on "Prime meridian + offsets" under "Known Limitations and Caveats" above. + + The pattern of the formulas for satellite orientation is similar + to that for Jupiter. Example: 2006 IAU values for Io. Again, these + values are used as an example only; see the data area below for + current values. + + Right ascension + --------------- + + alpha = 268.05 - 0.009 T + 0.094 sin(J3) + 0.024 sin(J4) + 0 + + Declination + ----------- + + delta = 64.50 + 0.003 T + 0.040 cos(J3) + 0.011 cos(J4) + 0 + + Prime meridian + -------------- + + W = 200.39 + 203.4889538 d - 0.085 sin(J3) - 0.022 sin(J4) + + + d represents days past J2000. + + J3 and J4 are nutation precession angles. + + The polynomial terms are assigned to symbols by the statements + + BODY501_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY501_POLE_DEC = ( 64.50 0.003 0. ) + BODY501_PM = ( 200.39 203.4889538 0. ) + + The coefficients of the trigonometric terms are assigned to symbols by + the statements + + BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0.094 0.024 ) + BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0.040 0.011 ) + BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.085 -0.022 ) + + 501 is the NAIF ID code for Io. + + SPICE software expects the models for satellite orientation to + follow the form of the model shown here: the polynomial portions of the + RA, DEC, and W expressions are expected to be quadratic, the + trigonometric terms for RA and W (satellite prime meridian) are expected + to be linear combinations of sines of nutation precession angles, the + trigonometric terms for DEC are expected to be linear combinations of + cosines of nutation precession angles, and the polynomials for the + nutation precession angles themselves are expected to be linear or + quadratic. + + Eventually, the software will handle more complex expressions, we + expect. + + +Shape models + + There is only one kind of shape model supported by the SPICE + Toolkit software at present: the triaxial ellipsoid. The 2015 IAU + report [1] does not use any other models, except in the case of + Mars, where separate values are given for the north and south + polar radii. In this file, we provide as a datum the mean Mars + polar radius provided by [1]. The North and South values are + included as comments. + + For each body, three radii are listed: The first number is + the largest equatorial radius, the second number is the smaller + equatorial radius, and the third is the polar radius. + + Example: Radii of the Earth. + + BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.1366 6378.1366 6356.7519 ) + + + +Body Numbers and Names +-------------------------------------------------------- + + + The following NAIF body ID codes and body names appear in this + file. See the NAIF IDs Required Reading file naif_ids.req for + a detailed discussion and a complete list of ID codes and names. + + + 1 Mercury barycenter + 2 Venus barycenter + 3 Earth barycenter + 4 Mars barycenter + 5 Jupiter barycenter + 6 Saturn barycenter + 7 Uranus barycenter + 8 Neptune barycenter + 9 Pluto barycenter + 10 Sun + + + 199 Mercury + + + 299 Venus + + + 399 Earth + + 301 Moon + + + 499 Mars + + 401 Phobos 402 Deimos + + + 599 Jupiter + + 501 Io 502 Europa 503 Ganymede 504 Callisto + 505 Amalthea 506 Himalia 507 Elara 508 Pasiphae + 509 Sinope 510 Lysithea 511 Carme 512 Ananke + 513 Leda 514 Thebe 515 Adrastea 516 Metis + + + 699 Saturn + + 601 Mimas 602 Enceladus 603 Tethys 604 Dione + 605 Rhea 606 Titan 607 Hyperion 608 Iapetus + 609 Phoebe 610 Janus 611 Epimetheus 612 Helene + 613 Telesto 614 Calypso 615 Atlas 616 Prometheus + 617 Pandora 618 Pan 632 Methone 633 Pallene + 634 Polydeuces 635 Daphnis 649 Anthe 653 Aegaeon + + + 799 Uranus + + 701 Ariel 702 Umbriel 703 Titania 704 Oberon + 705 Miranda 706 Cordelia 707 Ophelia 708 Bianca + 709 Cressida 710 Desdemona 711 Juliet 712 Portia + 713 Rosalind 714 Belinda 715 Puck + + + 899 Neptune + + 801 Triton 802 Nereid 803 Naiad 804 Thalassa + 805 Despina 806 Galatea 807 Larissa 808 Proteus + + + 999 Pluto + + 901 Charon + + + 1000005 Comet 19P/Borrelly + 1000012 Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + 1000036 Comet Halley + 1000041 Comet Hartley 2 + 1000093 Comet 9P/Tempel 1 + 1000107 Comet 81P/Wild 2 + + 2000001 Asteroid Ceres + 2000002 Asteroid Pallas + 2000016 Asteroid Psyche + 2000004 Asteroid Vesta + 2000021 Asteroid Lutetia + 2000052 Asteroid 52 Europa + 2000216 Asteroid Kleopatra + 2000253 Asteroid Mathilde + 2000433 Asteroid Eros + 2000511 Asteroid Davida + 2002867 Asteroid Steins + 2004179 Asteroid Toutatis + 2025143 Asteroid Itokawa + 2431010 Asteroid Ida + 9511010 Asteroid Gaspra + + +Orientation Constants for the Sun and Planets +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Sun + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + \begindata + + BODY10_POLE_RA = ( 286.13 0. 0. ) + BODY10_POLE_DEC = ( 63.87 0. 0. ) + BODY10_PM = ( 84.176 14.18440 0. ) + BODY10_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + +Mercury + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + + body199_pole_ra = ( 281.0097 -0.0328 0. ) + body199_pole_dec = ( 61.4143 -0.0049 0. ) + body199_pm = ( 329.5469 6.1385025 0. ) + + body199_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + body199_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + + body199_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + + body199_nut_prec_pm = ( 0.00993822 + -0.00104581 + -0.00010280 + -0.00002364 + -0.00000532 ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY199_POLE_RA = ( 281.0103 -0.0328 0. ) + BODY199_POLE_DEC = ( 61.4155 -0.0049 0. ) + BODY199_PM = ( 329.5988 6.1385108 0. ) + + BODY199_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY199_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY199_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY199_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0.01067257 + -0.00112309 + -0.00011040 + -0.00002539 + -0.00000571 ) +\begintext + + The linear coefficients have been scaled up from degrees/day + to degrees/century, because the SPICELIB PCK reader expects + these units. The original constants were: + + 174.7910857 4.092335 + 349.5821714 8.184670 + 164.3732571 12.277005 + 339.1643429 16.369340 + 153.9554286 20.461675 + +\begindata + + BODY1_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 174.7910857 0.14947253587500003E+06 + 349.5821714 0.29894507175000006E+06 + 164.3732571 0.44841760762500006E+06 + 339.1643429 0.59789014350000012E+06 + 153.9554286 0.74736267937499995E+06 ) + +\begintext + + +Venus + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY299_POLE_RA = ( 272.76 0. 0. ) + BODY299_POLE_DEC = ( 67.16 0. 0. ) + BODY299_PM = ( 160.20 -1.4813688 0. ) + + BODY299_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + +Earth + + Old values: + + The values shown below are those from the 2009 IAU report. The 2015 + report does not provide orientation data for the Earth or Moon. + +\begindata + + BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. ) + BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( 90. -0.557 0. ) + BODY399_PM = ( 190.147 360.9856235 0. ) + BODY399_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Nutation precession angles for the Earth-Moon system: + + The linear coefficients have been scaled up from degrees/day + to degrees/century, because the SPICELIB PCK reader expects + these units. The original constants were: + + 125.045D0 -0.0529921D0 + 250.089D0 -0.1059842D0 + 260.008D0 13.0120009D0 + 176.625D0 13.3407154D0 + 357.529D0 0.9856003D0 + 311.589D0 26.4057084D0 + 134.963D0 13.0649930D0 + 276.617D0 0.3287146D0 + 34.226D0 1.7484877D0 + 15.134D0 -0.1589763D0 + 119.743D0 0.0036096D0 + 239.961D0 0.1643573D0 + 25.053D0 12.9590088D0 + + +\begindata + + + BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5364525000 + 250.089 -3871.0729050000 + 260.008 475263.3328725000 + 176.625 487269.6299850000 + 357.529 35999.0509575000 + 311.589 964468.4993100000 + 134.963 477198.8693250000 + 276.617 12006.3007650000 + 34.226 63863.5132425000 + 15.134 -5806.6093575000 + 119.743 131.8406400000 + 239.961 6003.1503825000 + 25.053 473327.7964200000 ) + + +\begintext + + + North geomagnetic centered dipole: + + The north dipole location is time-varying. The values shown + below, taken from [9], represent a discrete sampling of the + north dipole location from 1945 to 2000. The terms DGRF and + IGRF refer to, respectively, "Definitive Geomagnetic + Reference Field" and "International Geomagnetic Reference + Field." See references [9] and [11] for details. + + Coordinates are planetocentric. + + Data source Lat Lon + ----------- ----- ------ + DGRF 1945 78.47 291.47 + DGRF 1950 78.47 291.15 + DGRF 1955 78.46 290.84 + DGRF 1960 78.51 290.53 + DGRF 1965 78.53 290.15 + DGRF 1970 78.59 289.82 + DGRF 1975 78.69 289.53 + DGRF 1980 78.81 289.24 + DGRF 1985 78.97 289.10 + DGRF 1990 79.13 288.89 + IGRF 1995 79.30 288.59 + IGRF 2000 79.54 288.43 + + Original values: + + Values are from [8]. Note the year of publication was 1971. + + body399_mag_north_pole_lon = ( -69.761 ) + body399_mag_north_pole_lat = ( 78.565 ) + + Previous values: + + body399_n_geomag_ctr_dipole_lon = ( 287.62 ) + body399_n_geomag_ctr_dipole_lat = ( 80.13 ) + + Current values: + + Values are given for the epoch 2023.0 and were derived + by Nat Bachman from constants taken from IGRF-13. See [11]. + +\begindata + + BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON = ( 287.34 ) + BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT = ( 80.74 ) + +\begintext + + +Mars + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body499_pole_ra = ( 317.68143 -0.1061 0. ) + body499_pole_dec = ( 52.88650 -0.0609 0. ) + body499_pm = ( 176.630 350.89198226 0. ) + + body499_long_axis = ( 252. ) + + Below, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0: + + -0.4357640000000000 --> -15916.28010000000 + 1128.409670000000 --> 41215163.19675000 + -1.8151000000000000E-02 --> -662.9652750000000 + + We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which + is the pi/2-complement of the third angle. This angle is used + in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos. See the + discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation + constants for Deimos. + + body4_nut_prec_angles = ( 169.51 -15916.2801 + 192.93 41215163.19675 + 53.47 -662.965275 + 36.53 662.965275 ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.269202 -0.10927547 0. ) + BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( 54.432516 -0.05827105 0. ) + BODY499_PM = ( 176.049863 +350.891982443297 0. ) + + BODY499_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.000068 + 0.000238 + 0.000052 + 0.000009 + 0.419057 ) + + + BODY499_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.000051 + 0.000141 + 0.000031 + 0.000005 + 1.591274 ) + + + BODY499_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.000145 + 0.000157 + 0.000040 + 0.000001 + 0.000001 + 0.584542 ) + +\begintext + + SPICE support for quadratic phase angle polynomials + was introduced in the N0067 Toolkit version. Older Toolkits + cannot use the constants below. See the SPICE server at + + https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/ + + for the file pck00011_n0066.tpc, which can be used with older + Toolkits. + +\begindata + + BODY4_MAX_PHASE_DEGREE = 2 + + BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( + + 190.72646643 15917.10818695 0 + 21.46892470 31834.27934054 0 + 332.86082793 19139.89694742 0 + 394.93256437 38280.79631835 0 + 189.63271560 41215158.18420050 12.711923222 + + 121.46893664 660.22803474 0 + 231.05028581 660.99123540 0 + 251.37314025 1320.50145245 0 + 217.98635955 38279.96125550 0 + 196.19729402 19139.83628608 0 + + 198.991226 19139.4819985 0 + 226.292679 38280.8511281 0 + 249.663391 57420.7251593 0 + 266.183510 76560.6367950 0 + 79.398797 0.5042615 0 + + 122.433576 19139.9407476 0 + 43.058401 38280.8753272 0 + 57.663379 57420.7517205 0 + 79.476401 76560.6495004 0 + 166.325722 0.5042615 0 + + 129.071773 19140.0328244 0 + 36.352167 38281.0473591 0 + 56.668646 57420.9295360 0 + 67.364003 76560.2552215 0 + 104.792680 95700.4387578 0 + 95.391654 0.5042615 0 ) + +\begintext + + +Jupiter + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + The number of nutation precession angles is 15. The ninth and + tenth are twice the first and second, respectively. The + eleventh through fifteenth correspond to angles JA-JE in + the 2015 IAU report. + +\begindata + + + BODY599_POLE_RA = ( 268.056595 -0.006499 0. ) + BODY599_POLE_DEC = ( 64.495303 0.002413 0. ) + BODY599_PM = ( 284.95 870.5360000 0. ) + BODY599_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.000117 + 0.000938 + 0.001432 + 0.000030 + 0.002150 ) + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.000050 + 0.000404 + 0.000617 + -0.000013 + 0.000926 ) + + BODY599_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 ) + + + BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 73.32 91472.9 + 24.62 45137.2 + 283.90 4850.7 + 355.80 1191.3 + 119.90 262.1 + 229.80 64.3 + 352.25 2382.6 + 113.35 6070.0 + 146.64 182945.8 + 49.24 90274.4 + 99.360714 4850.4046 + 175.895369 1191.9605 + 300.323162 262.5475 + 114.012305 6070.2476 + 49.511251 64.3000 ) +\begintext + + +Saturn + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY699_POLE_RA = ( 40.589 -0.036 0. ) + BODY699_POLE_DEC = ( 83.537 -0.004 0. ) + BODY699_PM = ( 38.90 810.7939024 0. ) + BODY699_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + The first six angles given here are the angles S1 + through S6 from the 2015 IAU report; the seventh and + eighth angles are 2*S1 and 2*S2, respectively. + + +\begindata + + BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 353.32 75706.7 + 28.72 75706.7 + 177.40 -36505.5 + 300.00 -7225.9 + 316.45 506.2 + 345.20 -1016.3 + 706.64 151413.4 + 57.44 151413.4 ) +\begintext + + +Uranus + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY799_POLE_RA = ( 257.311 0. 0. ) + BODY799_POLE_DEC = ( -15.175 0. 0. ) + BODY799_PM = ( 203.81 -501.1600928 0. ) + BODY799_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + The first 16 angles given here are the angles U1 + through U16 from the 2000 report; the 17th and + 18th angles are 2*U11 and 2*U12, respectively. + +\begindata + + BODY7_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 115.75 54991.87 + 141.69 41887.66 + 135.03 29927.35 + 61.77 25733.59 + 249.32 24471.46 + 43.86 22278.41 + 77.66 20289.42 + 157.36 16652.76 + 101.81 12872.63 + 138.64 8061.81 + 102.23 -2024.22 + 316.41 2863.96 + 304.01 -51.94 + 308.71 -93.17 + 340.82 -75.32 + 259.14 -504.81 + 204.46 -4048.44 + 632.82 5727.92 ) + +\begintext + + + +Neptune + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report: + + + body899_pole_ra = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + body899_pole_dec = ( 43.46 0. 0. ) + body899_pm = ( 253.18 536.3128492 0. ) + body899_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + + body899_nut_prec_ra = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + body899_nut_prec_dec = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + body899_nut_prec_pm = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY899_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY899_POLE_DEC = ( 43.46 0. 0. ) + BODY899_PM = ( 249.978 541.1397757 0. ) + BODY899_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY899_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY899_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY899_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + The 2015 IAU report defines the nutation precession angles + + N, N1, N2, ... , N7 + + and also uses the multiples of N1 and N7 + + 2*N1 + + and + + 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7 + + In this file, we treat the angles and their multiples as + separate angles. In the kernel variable + + BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES + + the order of the angles is + + N, N1, N2, ... , N7, 2*N1, 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7 + + Each angle is defined by a linear polynomial, so two + consecutive array elements are allocated for each + angle. The first term of each pair is the constant term, + the second is the linear term. + +\begindata + + BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 357.85 52.316 + 323.92 62606.6 + 220.51 55064.2 + 354.27 46564.5 + 75.31 26109.4 + 35.36 14325.4 + 142.61 2824.6 + 177.85 52.316 + 647.840 125213.200 + 355.700 104.632 + 533.550 156.948 + 711.400 209.264 + 889.250 261.580 + 1067.100 313.896 + 1244.950 366.212 + 1422.800 418.528 + 1600.650 470.844 ) + +\begintext + + + + +Orientation Constants for the Dwarf Planet Pluto +-------------------------------------------------------- + +Pluto + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY999_POLE_RA = ( 132.993 0. 0. ) + BODY999_POLE_DEC = ( -6.163 0. 0. ) + BODY999_PM = ( 302.695 56.3625225 0. ) + BODY999_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + +Orientation constants for the satellites +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Satellites of Earth + + Old values: + + The values shown below are those from the 2009 IAU report. The 2015 + report does not provide orientation data for the Earth or Moon. + +\begindata + + + BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. ) + BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. ) + BODY301_PM = ( 38.3213 13.17635815 -1.4D-12 ) + BODY301_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 0.0700 -0.0172 + 0.0 0.0072 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 -0.0052 0.0 0.0 + 0.0043 ) + + BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 0.0068 + 0.0 -0.0029 0.0009 0.0 + 0.0 0.0008 0.0 0.0 + -0.0009 ) + + BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.5610 0.1208 -0.0642 0.0158 + 0.0252 -0.0066 -0.0047 -0.0046 + 0.0028 0.0052 0.0040 0.0019 + -0.0044 ) +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Mars + + + Phobos + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + + body401_pole_ra = ( 317.68 -0.108 0. ) + body401_pole_dec = ( 52.90 -0.061 0. ) + body401_pm = ( 35.06 1128.8445850 6.6443009930565219e-09 ) + + body401_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + body401_nut_prec_ra = ( 1.79 0. 0. 0. ) + body401_nut_prec_dec = ( -1.08 0. 0. 0. ) + body401_nut_prec_pm = ( -1.42 -0.78 0. 0. ) + + The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: + + 8.864000000000000 ---> 6.6443009930565219E-09 + + + Current values: + + Values from the 2015 IAU report [1] were corrected by [2], which + is used as the source for the data below. + + The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: + + 12.72192797000000000000 ---> 9.536137031212154e-09 + +\begindata + + BODY401_POLE_RA = ( 317.67071657 -0.10844326 0. ) + BODY401_POLE_DEC = ( 52.88627266 -0.06134706 0. ) + BODY401_PM = ( 35.18774440 1128.84475928 + 9.536137031212154e-09 ) + + BODY401_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -1.78428399 + 0.02212824 + -0.01028251 + -0.00475595 ) + + + + BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -1.07516537 + 0.00668626 + -0.00648740 + 0.00281576 ) + + + BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 1.42421769 + -0.02273783 + 0.00410711 + 0.00631964 + -1.143 ) + +\begintext + + + Deimos + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + + The Deimos prime meridian expression from that report is: + + + 2 + W = 79.41 + 285.1618970 d - 0.520 T - 2.58 sin M + 3 + + + 0.19 cos M . + 3 + + At the present time, the PCK kernel software (the routine + BODEUL in particular) cannot handle the cosine term directly, + but we can represent it as + + 0.19 sin M + 4 + + where + + M = 90.D0 - M + 4 3 + + Therefore, the old nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos + and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three. + + The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: + + -0.5200000000000000 ---> -3.8978300049519307E-10 + + + body402_pole_ra = ( 316.65 -0.108 0. ) + body402_pole_dec = ( 53.52 -0.061 0. ) + body402_pm = ( 79.41 285.1618970 -3.897830d-10 ) + body402_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + body402_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 2.98 0. ) + body402_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. -1.78 0. ) + body402_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. -2.58 0.19 ) + + + New values: + +\begindata + + BODY402_POLE_RA = ( 316.65705808 -0.10518014 0. ) + BODY402_POLE_DEC = ( 53.50992033 -0.05979094 0. ) + + BODY402_PM = ( 79.39932954 285.16188899 0. ) + BODY402_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + 3.09217726 + 0.22980637 + 0.06418655 + 0.02533537 + 0.00778695 ) + + + BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + 1.83936004 + 0.14325320 + 0.01911409 + -0.01482590 + 0.00192430 ) + + + BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0 0 0 0 0 + -2.73954829 + -0.39968606 + -0.06563259 + -0.02912940 + 0.01699160 ) + + +\begintext + + +Satellites of Jupiter + + + Io + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY501_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY501_POLE_DEC = ( 64.50 0.003 0. ) + BODY501_PM = ( 200.39 203.4889538 0. ) + BODY501_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0.094 0.024 ) + BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0.040 0.011 ) + BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.085 -0.022 ) + +\begintext + + + + Europa + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY502_POLE_RA = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. ) + BODY502_POLE_DEC = ( 64.51 0.003 0. ) + BODY502_PM = ( 36.022 101.3747235 0. ) + BODY502_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 1.086 0.060 0.015 0.009 ) + BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.468 0.026 0.007 0.002 ) + BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 ) + +\begintext + + + Ganymede + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY503_POLE_RA = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. ) + BODY503_POLE_DEC = ( 64.57 0.003 0. ) + BODY503_PM = ( 44.064 50.3176081 0. ) + BODY503_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 0.431 0.091 ) + BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 0.186 0.039 ) + BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.033 -0.389 -0.082 ) + +\begintext + + + Callisto + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY504_POLE_RA = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. ) + BODY504_POLE_DEC = ( 64.83 0.003 0. ) + BODY504_PM = ( 259.51 21.5710715 0. ) + BODY504_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 0.590 0. 0.010 ) + BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 0.254 0. -0.004 ) + BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 ) + +\begintext + + + Amalthea + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY505_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY505_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) + BODY505_PM = ( 231.67 722.6314560 0. ) + BODY505_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY505_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.84 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.01 0. ) + BODY505_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.36 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY505_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0.76 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Thebe + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY514_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY514_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) + BODY514_PM = ( 8.56 533.7004100 0. ) + BODY514_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY514_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -2.11 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04 ) + BODY514_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.01 ) + BODY514_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 1.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 ) + +\begintext + + + Adrastea + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY515_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY515_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) + BODY515_PM = ( 33.29 1206.9986602 0. ) + BODY515_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Metis + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY516_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) + BODY516_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) + BODY516_PM = ( 346.09 1221.2547301 0. ) + BODY516_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Saturn + + + Mimas + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY601_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) + BODY601_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY601_PM = ( 333.46 381.9945550 0. ) + BODY601_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 13.56 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.53 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -13.48 0. -44.85 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Enceladus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY602_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) + BODY602_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY602_PM = ( 6.32 262.7318996 0. ) + BODY602_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Tethys + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY603_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) + BODY603_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY603_PM = ( 8.95 190.6979085 0. ) + BODY603_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 9.66 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -1.09 0. 0. 0. 0. ) + BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -9.60 2.23 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Dione + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY604_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) + BODY604_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY604_PM = ( 357.6 131.5349316 0. ) + BODY604_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Rhea + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY605_POLE_RA = ( 40.38 -0.036 0. ) + BODY605_POLE_DEC = ( 83.55 -0.004 0. ) + BODY605_PM = ( 235.16 79.6900478 0. ) + BODY605_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3.10 0. 0. ) + BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.35 0. 0. ) + BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -3.08 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Titan + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + Note removal of dependence on the nutation precession + angles. + +\begindata + + BODY606_POLE_RA = ( 39.4827 0. 0. ) + BODY606_POLE_DEC = ( 83.4279 0. 0. ) + BODY606_PM = ( 186.5855 22.5769768 0. ) + BODY606_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 ) + BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 ) + BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 ) + +\begintext + + + + Hyperion + + The IAU report does not give an orientation model for Hyperion. + Hyperion's rotation is in chaotic and is not predictable for + long periods. + + + Iapetus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY608_POLE_RA = ( 318.16 -3.949 0. ) + BODY608_POLE_DEC = ( 75.03 -1.143 0. ) + BODY608_PM = ( 355.2 4.5379572 0. ) + BODY608_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Phoebe + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY609_POLE_RA = ( 356.90 0. 0. ) + BODY609_POLE_DEC = ( 77.80 0. 0. ) + BODY609_PM = ( 178.58 931.639 0. ) + BODY609_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Janus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY610_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) + BODY610_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY610_PM = ( 58.83 518.2359876 0. ) + BODY610_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -1.623 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.023 ) + BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.183 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.001 ) + BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 1.613 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 ) + +\begintext + + + + Epimetheus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY611_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) + BODY611_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) + BODY611_PM = ( 293.87 518.4907239 0. ) + BODY611_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.153 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.086 0. ) + BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.356 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.005 0. ) + BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.133 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.086 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Helene + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY612_POLE_RA = ( 40.85 -0.036 0. ) + BODY612_POLE_DEC = ( 83.34 -0.004 0. ) + BODY612_PM = ( 245.12 131.6174056 0. ) + BODY612_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Telesto + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY613_POLE_RA = ( 50.51 -0.036 0. ) + BODY613_POLE_DEC = ( 84.06 -0.004 0. ) + BODY613_PM = ( 56.88 190.6979332 0. ) + BODY613_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Calypso + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY614_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. ) + BODY614_POLE_DEC = ( 85.04 -0.004 0. ) + BODY614_PM = ( 153.51 190.6742373 0. ) + BODY614_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Atlas + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY615_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) + BODY615_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) + BODY615_PM = ( 137.88 598.3060000 0. ) + BODY615_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Prometheus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY616_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 ) + BODY616_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 ) + BODY616_PM = ( 296.14 587.289000 ) + BODY616_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Pandora + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY617_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) + BODY617_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) + BODY617_PM = ( 162.92 572.7891000 0. ) + BODY617_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Pan + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY618_POLE_RA = ( 40.6 -0.036 0. ) + BODY618_POLE_DEC = ( 83.5 -0.004 0. ) + BODY618_PM = ( 48.8 626.0440000 0. ) + BODY618_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + + +Satellites of Uranus + + + + Ariel + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY701_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) + BODY701_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) + BODY701_PM = ( 156.22 -142.8356681 0. ) + BODY701_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY701_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.29 ) + + BODY701_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.28 ) + + BODY701_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.05 0.08 ) +\begintext + + + + Umbriel + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + +\begindata + + BODY702_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) + BODY702_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) + BODY702_PM = ( 108.05 -86.8688923 0. ) + BODY702_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY702_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.21 ) + + BODY702_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.20 ) + + BODY702_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0. 0.06 ) + +\begintext + + + + Titania + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY703_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) + BODY703_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) + BODY703_PM = ( 77.74 -41.3514316 0. ) + BODY703_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY703_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.29 ) + + BODY703_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.28 ) + + BODY703_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.08 ) +\begintext + + + + Oberon + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY704_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) + BODY704_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) + BODY704_PM = ( 6.77 -26.7394932 0. ) + BODY704_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY704_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 ) + + BODY704_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 ) + + BODY704_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04 ) +\begintext + + + + Miranda + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY705_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) + BODY705_POLE_DEC = ( -15.08 0. 0. ) + BODY705_PM = ( 30.70 -254.6906892 0. ) + BODY705_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY705_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 4.41 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.04 0. ) + + BODY705_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 4.25 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.02 0. ) + + BODY705_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 1.15 -1.27 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.09 0.15 ) +\begintext + + + + Cordelia + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY706_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY706_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY706_PM = ( 127.69 -1074.5205730 0. ) + BODY706_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY706_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.15 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY706_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0.14 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY706_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Ophelia + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY707_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY707_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY707_PM = ( 130.35 -956.4068150 0. ) + BODY707_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY707_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY707_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0.09 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY707_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. -0.03 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Bianca + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY708_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY708_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY708_PM = ( 105.46 -828.3914760 0. ) + BODY708_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY708_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. -0.16 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY708_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0.16 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY708_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.04 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Cressida + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + + BODY709_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY709_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY709_PM = ( 59.16 -776.5816320 0. ) + BODY709_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY709_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.04 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + + BODY709_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.04 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + + BODY709_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + +\begintext + + + + Desdemona + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY710_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY710_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY710_PM = ( 95.08 -760.0531690 0. ) + BODY710_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY710_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.17 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY710_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY710_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Juliet + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY711_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY711_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY711_PM = ( 302.56 -730.1253660 0. ) + BODY711_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY711_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + -0.06 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY711_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0.06 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY711_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + -0.02 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Portia + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY712_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY712_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY712_PM = ( 25.03 -701.4865870 0. ) + BODY712_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY712_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY712_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0.09 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY712_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.02 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Rosalind + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY713_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY713_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY713_PM = ( 314.90 -644.6311260 0. ) + BODY713_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY713_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. -0.29 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY713_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0.28 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY713_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. -0.08 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + Belinda + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY714_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY714_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY714_PM = ( 297.46 -577.3628170 0. ) + BODY714_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY714_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. -0.03 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY714_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0.03 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY714_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) +\begintext + + + + Puck + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY715_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) + BODY715_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) + BODY715_PM = ( 91.24 -472.5450690 0. ) + BODY715_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY715_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.33 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY715_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.31 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + + BODY715_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + +Satellites of Neptune + + + Triton + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY801_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY801_POLE_DEC = ( 41.17 0. 0. ) + BODY801_PM = ( 296.53 -61.2572637 0. ) + BODY801_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY801_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. -32.35 + 0. -6.28 -2.08 -0.74 + -0.28 -0.11 -0.07 -0.02 + -0.01 ) + + + BODY801_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 22.55 + 0. 2.10 0.55 0.16 + 0.05 0.02 0.01 0. + 0. ) + + + BODY801_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 22.25 + 0. 6.73 2.05 0.74 + 0.28 0.11 0.05 0.02 + 0.01 ) + +\begintext + + + + + Nereid + + Old values: + + The 2009 IAU report [3] states that values for Nereid are not + given because Nereid is not in synchronous rotation with Neptune + (notes following table 2). + + Current values: + + The 2015 IAU report does not provide values for Nereid. + + Naiad + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY803_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY803_POLE_DEC = ( 43.36 0. 0. ) + BODY803_PM = ( 254.06 +1222.8441209 0. ) + BODY803_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY803_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 -6.49 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0.25 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY803_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 -4.75 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0.09 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY803_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 4.40 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + -0.27 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Thalassa + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY804_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY804_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. ) + BODY804_PM = ( 102.06 1155.7555612 0. ) + BODY804_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY804_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. -0.28 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + + BODY804_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. -0.21 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY804_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0.19 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + +\begintext + + + Despina + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY805_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY805_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. ) + BODY805_PM = ( 306.51 +1075.7341562 0. ) + BODY805_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY805_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. -0.09 + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY805_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. -0.07 + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY805_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.49 0. 0. 0.06 + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) +\begintext + + + + Galatea + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY806_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY806_POLE_DEC = ( 43.43 0. 0. ) + BODY806_PM = ( 258.09 839.6597686 0. ) + BODY806_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY806_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. + -0.07 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY806_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. + -0.05 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY806_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. + 0.05 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) +\begintext + + + Larissa + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY807_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) + BODY807_POLE_DEC = ( 43.41 0. 0. ) + BODY807_PM = ( 179.41 +649.0534470 0. ) + BODY807_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY807_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.27 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY807_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. + 0. -0.20 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY807_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0.19 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) +\begintext + + + + Proteus + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY808_POLE_RA = ( 299.27 0. 0. ) + BODY808_POLE_DEC = ( 42.91 0. 0. ) + BODY808_PM = ( 93.38 +320.7654228 0. ) + BODY808_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + + BODY808_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. -0.05 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY808_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. -0.04 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + + BODY808_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0.04 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. 0. 0. 0. + 0. ) + +\begintext + + + + + +Satellites of Pluto + + Charon + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY901_POLE_RA = ( 132.993 0. 0. ) + BODY901_POLE_DEC = ( -6.163 0. 0. ) + BODY901_PM = ( 122.695 56.3625225 0. ) + BODY901_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Orientation constants for Selected Comets and Asteroids +-------------------------------------------------------- + + + +Ceres + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body2000001_pole_ra = ( 291. 0. 0. ) + body2000001_pole_dec = ( 59. 0. 0. ) + body2000001_pm = ( 170.90 952.1532 0. ) + body2000001_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000001_POLE_RA = ( 291.418 0. 0. ) + BODY2000001_POLE_DEC = ( 66.764 0. 0. ) + BODY2000001_PM = ( 170.650 952.1532 0. ) + BODY2000001_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Pallas + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000002_POLE_RA = ( 33. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000002_POLE_DEC = ( -3. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000002_PM = ( 38. 1105.8036 0. ) + BODY2000002_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Vesta + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body2000004_pole_ra = ( 305.8 0. 0. ) + body2000004_pole_dec = ( 41.4 0. 0. ) + body2000004_pm = ( 292. 1617.332776 0. ) + body2000004_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000004_POLE_RA = ( 309.031 0. 0. ) + BODY2000004_POLE_DEC = ( 42.235 0. 0. ) + BODY2000004_PM = ( 285.39 1617.3329428 0. ) + BODY2000004_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +52 Europa (asteroid) + + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + +\begindata + + BODY2000052_POLE_RA = ( 257.0 0. 0. ) + BODY2000052_POLE_DEC = ( 12.0 0. 0. ) + BODY2000052_PM = ( 55.0 1534.6472187 0. ) + BODY2000052_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Lutetia + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000021_POLE_RA = ( 52. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000021_POLE_DEC = ( 12. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000021_PM = ( 94. 1057.7515 0. ) + BODY2000021_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Ida + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body2431010_pole_ra = ( 168.76 0. 0. ) + body2431010_pole_dec = ( -2.88 0. 0. ) + body2431010_pm = ( 274.05 +1864.6280070 0. ) + body2431010_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + The PM constant W0 is from [4]. + + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2431010_POLE_RA = ( 168.76 0. 0. ) + BODY2431010_POLE_DEC = ( -87.12 0. 0. ) + BODY2431010_PM = ( 274.05 +1864.6280070 0. ) + BODY2431010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Eros + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000433_POLE_RA = ( 11.35 0. 0. ) + BODY2000433_POLE_DEC = ( 17.22 0. 0. ) + BODY2000433_PM = ( 326.07 1639.38864745 0. ) + BODY2000433_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Davida + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2000511_POLE_RA = ( 297. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000511_POLE_DEC = ( 5. 0. 0. ) + BODY2000511_PM = ( 268.1 1684.4193549 0. ) + BODY2000511_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Gaspra + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY9511010_POLE_RA = ( 9.47 0. 0. ) + BODY9511010_POLE_DEC = ( 26.70 0. 0. ) + BODY9511010_PM = ( 83.67 1226.9114850 0. ) + BODY9511010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Steins + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body2002867_pole_ra = ( 90. 0. 0. ) + body2002867_pole_dec = ( -62. 0. 0. ) + body2002867_pm = ( 93.94 1428.852332 0. ) + body2002867_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2002867_POLE_RA = ( 91. 0. 0. ) + BODY2002867_POLE_DEC = ( -62. 0. 0. ) + BODY2002867_PM = ( 321.76 1428.09917 0. ) + BODY2002867_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +Itokawa + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY2025143_POLE_RA = ( 90.53 0. 0. ) + BODY2025143_POLE_DEC = ( -66.30 0. 0. ) + BODY2025143_PM = ( 000.0 712.143 0. ) + BODY2025143_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +9P/Tempel 1 + + + Old values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body1000093_pole_ra = ( 294. 0. 0. ) + body1000093_pole_dec = ( 73. 0. 0. ) + body1000093_pm = ( 252.63 212.064 0. ) + body1000093_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + Current values: + + Values are from the 2015 IAU report [1]. + + Two sets of prime meridian values are given in [1]: one + for the epoch of the Deep Impact mission's impactor's + collision with the comet, and one for the epoch of the + Stardust NExT closest approach. + + Deep Impact: + + Epoch: 2005-07-04 05:45:38.4 TDB + 2453555.740027 JD TDB + + . 2 2 2 + W = 109.7, W = 211.849 deg/day, d W/dt = 0.024 deg/day + + Stardust NExT: + + Epoch: 2011-02-15 04:40:18.6 TDB + 2455607.694660 JD TDB + + . + W = 69.2, W = 212.807 deg/day + + The values of W shown above are the prime meridian angles at + the respective epochs. + + Prime meridian data below are those associated with the epoch of the + Stardust NExT closest approach. + + Pole direction data are the same for both epochs. + +\begindata + + BODY1000093_POLE_RA = ( 255. 0. 0. ) + BODY1000093_POLE_DEC = ( 64.5 0. 0. ) + BODY1000093_PM = ( 69.2 212.807 0. ) + BODY1000093_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + + BODY1000093_CONSTANTS_JED_EPOCH = 2455607.694660 + +\begintext + + + +19P/Borrelly + + Old values: + + body1000005_pole_ra = ( 218.5 0. 0. ) + body1000005_pole_dec = ( -12.5 0. 0. ) + body1000005_pm = ( 000. 390.0 0. ) + body1000005_long_axis = ( 0. ) + + Current values: + + The 2015 IAU report does not cite a value for W0, so a + complete orientation model based on that source is not + available. Data are provided here for backward compatibility + with pck00010.tpc. + + The W0 value was set to zero in that file and so is + zero here. + +\begindata + + BODY1000005_POLE_RA = ( 218.5 0. 0. ) + BODY1000005_POLE_DEC = ( -12.5 0. 0. ) + BODY1000005_PM = ( 000. 324.3 0. ) + BODY1000005_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + + The time range associated with the rotation model is + + 2014 MAR 3 : 2014 SEP 3 + + The reference epoch of the rotational elements is J2000. + +\begindata + + BODY1000012_POLE_RA = ( 69.54 0. 0. ) + BODY1000012_POLE_DEC = ( 64.11 0. 0. ) + BODY1000012_PM = ( 114.69 696.543884683 0. ) + BODY1000012_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) + +\begintext + + + +103P/Hartley 2 + + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + + The 2015 IAU report provides only right ascension and + declination values for body axes at the epoch of the EPOXI + closest approach. The Z-axis is the long axis. The report + uses the symbols alpha and delta to denote right ascension + and declination respectively. + + Epoch: 2010-11-04 14:00:53.9 TDB + JD 2455505.083957 TDB + + + alpha = 285.1 deg. delta = -31.8 deg. + X X + + alpha = 350.4 deg. delta = 34.4 deg. + Y Y + + alpha = 226.1 deg. delta = 39.4 deg. + Z Z + + + + +Radii of Sun and Planets +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Sun + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body10_radii = ( 696000. 696000. 696000. ) + + +\begindata + + BODY10_RADII = ( 695700. 695700. 695700. ) + +\begintext + + +Mercury + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body199_radii = ( 2439.7 2439.7 2439.7 ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY199_RADII = ( 2440.53 2440.53 2438.26 ) + +\begintext + + +Venus + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY299_RADII = ( 6051.8 6051.8 6051.8 ) + +\begintext + + +Earth + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.1366 6378.1366 6356.7519 ) + +\begintext + + +Mars + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + The 2015 IAU report gives separate values for the north and + south polar radii: + + north: 3373.19 + south: 3379.21 + + The report provides the average of these values as well, + which we use as the polar radius for the triaxial model. + +\begindata + + BODY499_RADII = ( 3396.19 3396.19 3376.20 ) + +\begintext + + + +Jupiter + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY599_RADII = ( 71492 71492 66854 ) + +\begintext + + + +Saturn + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY699_RADII = ( 60268 60268 54364 ) + +\begintext + + + +Uranus + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY799_RADII = ( 25559 25559 24973 ) + +\begintext + + + +Neptune + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + (Values are for the 1 bar pressure level.) + +\begindata + + BODY899_RADII = ( 24764 24764 24341 ) + +\begintext + + + +Radii of the Dwarf Planet Pluto +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Pluto + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body999_radii = ( 1195 1195 1195 ) + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY999_RADII = ( 1188.3 1188.3 1188.3 ) + +\begintext + + + + +Radii of Satellites +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Moon + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY301_RADII = ( 1737.4 1737.4 1737.4 ) + +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Mars + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY401_RADII = ( 13.0 11.4 9.1 ) + BODY402_RADII = ( 7.8 6.0 5.1 ) + +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Jupiter + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + Note that for Ganymede and Callisto only mean radii + are provided. + +\begindata + + BODY501_RADII = ( 1829.4 1819.4 1815.7 ) + BODY502_RADII = ( 1562.6 1560.3 1559.5 ) + BODY503_RADII = ( 2631.2 2631.2 2631.2 ) + BODY504_RADII = ( 2410.3 2410.3 2410.3 ) + BODY505_RADII = ( 125 73 64 ) + +\begintext + + Only mean radii are available in the 2015 IAU report for bodies + 506-513. + +\begindata + + BODY506_RADII = ( 85 85 85 ) + BODY507_RADII = ( 40 40 40 ) + BODY508_RADII = ( 18 18 18 ) + BODY509_RADII = ( 14 14 14 ) + BODY510_RADII = ( 12 12 12 ) + BODY511_RADII = ( 15 15 15 ) + BODY512_RADII = ( 10 10 10 ) + BODY513_RADII = ( 5 5 5 ) + BODY514_RADII = ( 58 49 42 ) + BODY515_RADII = ( 10 8 7 ) + BODY516_RADII = ( 30 20 17 ) + +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Saturn + + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + + body601_radii = ( 207.8 196.7 190.6 ) + body602_radii = ( 256.6 251.4 248.3 ) + body603_radii = ( 538.4 528.3 526.3 ) + body604_radii = ( 563.4 561.3 559.6 ) + body605_radii = ( 765.0 763.1 762.4 ) + body606_radii = ( 2575.15 2574.78 2574.47 ) + body607_radii = ( 180.1 133.0 102.7 ) + body608_radii = ( 745.7 745.7 712.1 ) + body609_radii = ( 109.4 108.5 101.8 ) + body610_radii = ( 101.5 92.5 76.3 ) + body611_radii = ( 64.9 57.0 53.1 ) + body612_radii = ( 21.7 19.1 13.0 ) + body613_radii = ( 16.3 11.8 10.0 ) + body614_radii = ( 15.1 11.5 7.0 ) + body615_radii = ( 20.4 17.7 9.4 ) + body616_radii = ( 67.8 39.7 29.7 ) + body617_radii = ( 52.0 40.5 32.0 ) + body618_radii = ( 17.2 15.7 10.4 ) + body632_radii = ( 1.6 1.6 1.6 ) + body633_radii = ( 2.9 2.8 2.0 ) + body634_radii = ( 1.5 1.2 1.0 ) + body635_radii = ( 4.3 4.1 3.2 ) + body649_radii = ( 1 1 1 ) + + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY601_RADII = ( 207.8 196.7 190.6 ) + BODY602_RADII = ( 256.6 251.4 248.3 ) + BODY603_RADII = ( 538.4 528.3 526.3 ) + BODY604_RADII = ( 563.4 561.3 559.6 ) + BODY605_RADII = ( 765.0 763.1 762.4 ) + BODY606_RADII = ( 2575.15 2574.78 2574.47 ) + BODY607_RADII = ( 180.1 133.0 102.7 ) + BODY608_RADII = ( 745.7 745.7 712.1 ) + BODY609_RADII = ( 109.4 108.5 101.8 ) + BODY610_RADII = ( 101.7 93.0 76.3 ) + BODY611_RADII = ( 64.9 57.3 53.0 ) + BODY612_RADII = ( 22.5 19.6 13.3 ) + BODY613_RADII = ( 16.3 11.8 9.8 ) + BODY614_RADII = ( 15.3 9.3 6.3 ) + BODY615_RADII = ( 20.5 17.8 9.4 ) + BODY616_RADII = ( 68.2 41.6 28.2 ) + BODY617_RADII = ( 52.2 40.8 31.5 ) + BODY618_RADII = ( 17.2 15.4 10.4 ) + BODY632_RADII = ( 1.94 1.29 1.21 ) + BODY633_RADII = ( 2.88 2.08 1.8 ) + BODY634_RADII = ( 1.5 1.2 1.0 ) + BODY635_RADII = ( 4.6 4.5 2.8 ) + BODY649_RADII = ( 0.5 0.5 0.5 ) + BODY653_RADII = ( 0.7 0.25 0.2 ) + +\begintext + + + +Satellites of Uranus + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY701_RADII = ( 581.1 577.9 577.7 ) + BODY702_RADII = ( 584.7 584.7 584.7 ) + BODY703_RADII = ( 788.9 788.9 788.9 ) + BODY704_RADII = ( 761.4 761.4 761.4 ) + BODY705_RADII = ( 240.4 234.2 232.9 ) + +\begintext + + The 2015 IAU report gives only mean radii for satellites 706--715. + +\begindata + + BODY706_RADII = ( 13 13 13 ) + BODY707_RADII = ( 15 15 15 ) + BODY708_RADII = ( 21 21 21 ) + BODY709_RADII = ( 31 31 31 ) + BODY710_RADII = ( 27 27 27 ) + BODY711_RADII = ( 42 42 42 ) + BODY712_RADII = ( 54 54 54 ) + BODY713_RADII = ( 27 27 27 ) + BODY714_RADII = ( 33 33 33 ) + BODY715_RADII = ( 77 77 77 ) + +\begintext + + + + +Satellites of Neptune + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + The 2015 IAU report gives mean radii only for bodies 801-806. + +\begindata + + BODY801_RADII = ( 1352.6 1352.6 1352.6 ) + BODY802_RADII = ( 170 170 170 ) + BODY803_RADII = ( 29 29 29 ) + BODY804_RADII = ( 40 40 40 ) + BODY805_RADII = ( 74 74 74 ) + BODY806_RADII = ( 79 79 79 ) + +\begintext + + The second equatorial radius for Larissa is not given in the 2009 + report. The available values are: + + BODY807_RADII = ( 104 --- 89 ) + + For use within the SPICE system, we use only the mean radius. + +\begindata + + BODY807_RADII = ( 96 96 96 ) + BODY808_RADII = ( 218 208 201 ) + +\begintext + + + + +Satellites of Pluto + + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + BODY901_RADII = ( 605 605 605 ) + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY901_RADII = ( 606 606 606 ) + +\begintext + + + +Radii for Selected Comets and Asteroids +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Ceres + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. + + body2000001_radii = ( 487.3 487.3 454.7 ) + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000001_RADII = ( 487.3 487.3 446. ) + +\begintext + + + +Vesta + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000004_RADII = ( 289. 280. 229. ) + +\begintext + + + +Psyche + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + + +\begindata + + BODY2000016_RADII = ( 139.5 116. 94.5 ) + +\begintext + + + +Lutetia + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000021_RADII = ( 62.0 50.5 46.5 ) + +\begintext + + + +52 Europa + + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + + +\begindata + + BODY2000052_RADII = ( 189.5 165. 124.5 ) + +\begintext + +Ida + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2431010_RADII = ( 26.8 12.0 7.6 ) + +\begintext + + + +Mathilde + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000253_RADII = ( 33. 24. 23. ) + +\begintext + + + +Eros + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000433_RADII = ( 17.0 5.5 5.5 ) + +\begintext + + + +Davida + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2000511_RADII = ( 180. 147. 127. ) + +\begintext + + + +Gaspra + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY9511010_RADII = ( 9.1 5.2 4.4 ) + +\begintext + + + +Steins + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2002867_RADII = ( 3.24 2.73 2.04 ) + +\begintext + + + +Toutatis + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2004179_RADII = ( 2.13 1.015 0.85 ) + +\begintext + + + +Itokawa + + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2009 IAU report. Note that the + diameters rather than radii were given. + + body2025143_radii = ( 0.535 0.294 0.209 ) + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY2025143_RADII = ( 0.268 0.147 0.104 ) + +\begintext + + +Kleopatra + + + Old values: + + Values are from the 2003 report [13]. + + A shape model was not provided in later reports because, + according to [5], the shape had been "modeled from + low resolution radar data, and cannot be mapped from those + data." + + body2000216_radii = ( 108.5 47 40.5 ) + + + Current values: + + + No values are provided in the 2015 IAU report. + + + +Halley + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + +\begindata + + BODY1000036_RADII = ( 8.0 4.0 4.0 ) + +\begintext + + + +9P/Tempel 1 + + + Old values: + + The effective radius is unchanged in the 2009 IAU report. + + Current values: + + According to [1]: + + The maximum and minimum radii are not properly + the values of the principal semi-axes, they + are half the maximum and minimum values of the + diameter. Due to the large deviations from a + simple ellipsoid, they may not correspond with + measurements along the principal axes, or be + orthogonal to each other. + + The radii along the first and second principal axes + are given as + + 3.7 km + 2.5 km + + The value in the data assignment below is the mean radius. + +\begindata + + BODY1000093_RADII = ( 3.0 3.0 3.0 ) + +\begintext + + +19P/Borrelly + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + The first principal axis length is + + 3.5 km + + The lengths of the other semi-axes are not provided + by [1]. + + The value in the data assignment below is the mean radius. + +\begindata + + BODY1000005_RADII = ( 4.22 4.22 4.22 ) + +\begintext + + + +81P/Wild 2 + + + Old values: + + Values are unchanged in the 2015 IAU report. + + Current values: + + +\begindata + + BODY1000107_RADII = ( 2.7 1.9 1.5 ) + +\begintext + + + +67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko + + Current values: + + Values are provided for the first time in the 2015 IAU report. + +\begindata + + BODY1000012_RADII = ( 2.40 1.55 1.20 ) + +\begintext + + + +103P/Hartley 2 + + The most recent "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic + Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" appears to incorrectly list + the radii for Comet 103P/Hartley 2 in Table 6. The following text by + Brent Archinal, Chair of the Working Group, examines this problem and + what radii should likely be used. + + However, note that this explanation has not yet been officially + considered and the proposed changes recommended by the Working Group. + Such a process will begin shortly, and a consensus document about any + changes may be published on the Working Group website. + + Clearly from the many figures in various papers (e.g. A'Hearn et al, + 2011, Science, 332, 1396; Belton, et al., 2012 Icarus, 222, 595; + Thomas, et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 550), Comet 103P/Hartley 2 has an + elongated nucleus, with the long axis being the (reference) spin axis. + This is stated/shown e.g., in Figure 3 of the A'Hearn et al. paper. + The size is stated in a few places as having a diameter of 0.69 to + 2.33 km and a mean radius of 0.58 +/-0.02 km (A'Hearn, et al., + Table 1; Thomas et al., Table 1 (but now with a mean radius uncertainty + of 0.018 km)). This of course translates to a mean radius of 0.58 km, + a minimum radius of 0.345 km (or rounding, 0.34 km), and a maximum + radius of 1.165 km (rounding, 1.16 km). I don't really see a clear + statement in these papers that these last two numbers can be used for + the semi axes, just that they are minimum and maximum values. + Apparently though that's been assumed (as it has been for some of the + other comets listed in the WG report). There is also no clear statement + of what if any difference there is between the first and second semi + axis, but only that they are "similar". E.g., Thomas et al. says + (Section 3) "This bi-lobed object has near rotational symmetry". + That does correspond to what's said in footnote (g) of the WG report. + + So, I think it is correct that: + + mean radius = 0.58 km + a semi-axis = 0.34 km + b semi-axis = 0.34 km (or "~0.34 km") + c semi-axis (polar axis) = 1.16 km + + Due to their uncertain status, these data are included in this file + only as comments. To enable SPICE software to access the data, + move this assignment + + BODY1000041_RADII = ( 0.34 0.34 1.16 ) + + below the \begindata marker below. + +\begindata + + +\begintext + +=========================================================================== +End of file pck00011.tpc +===========================================================================