This project is used to add FastAPI-like dependency injection to projects.
This project is a part of the taskiq, but it doesn't have any dependencies, and you can easily integrate it in any project.
pip install taskiq-dependenciesLet's imagine you want to add DI in your project. What should you do? At first we need to create a dependency graph, check if there any cycles and compute the order of dependencies. This can be done with DependencyGraph. It does all of those actions on create. So we can remember all graphs at the start of our program for later use. Or we can do it when needed, but it's less optimal.
from taskiq_dependencies import Depends
def dep1() -> int:
return 1
def target_func(some_int: int = Depends(dep1)):
print(some_int)
return some_int + 1In this example we have a function called target_func and as you can see, it depends on dep1 dependency.
To create a dependnecy graph have to write this:
from taskiq_dependencies import DependencyGraph
graph = DependencyGraph(target_func)That's it. Now we want to resolve all dependencies and call a function. It's simple as this:
with graph.sync_ctx() as ctx:
graph.target(**ctx.resolve_kwargs())Voila! We resolved all dependencies and called a function with no arguments.
The resolve_kwargs function will return a dict, where keys are parameter names, and values are resolved dependencies.
If your lib is asynchronous, you should use async context, it's similar to sync context, but instead of with you should use async with. But this way your users can use async dependencies and async generators. It's not possible in sync context.
async with graph.async_ctx() as ctx:
kwargs = await ctx.resolve_kwargs()Why should I use
withorasync withstatements?
Becuase users can use generator functions as dependencies.
Everything before yield happens before injecting the dependency, and everything after yield is executed after the with statement is over.
How to provide default dependencies?
It maybe useful to have default dependencies for your project.
For example, taskiq has Context and State classes that can be used as dependencies. sync_context and async_context methods have a parameter, where you can pass a dict with precalculated dependencies.
from taskiq_dependencies import Depends, DependencyGraph
class DefaultDep:
...
def target_func(dd: DefaultDep = Depends()):
print(dd)
return 1
graph = DependencyGraph(target_func)
with graph.sync_ctx({DefaultDep: DefaultDep()}) as ctx:
print(ctx.resolve_kwargs())You can run this code. It will resolve dd dependency into a DefaultDep variable you provide.
If you want to get the information about how this dependency was specified,
you can use special class ParamInfo for that.
from taskiq_dependencies import Depends, DependencyGraph, ParamInfo
def dependency(info: ParamInfo = Depends()) -> str:
assert info.name == "dd"
return info.name
def target_func(dd: str = Depends(dependency)):
print(dd)
return 1
graph = DependencyGraph(target_func)
with graph.sync_ctx() as ctx:
print(ctx.resolve_kwargs())The ParamInfo has the information about name and parameters signature. It's useful if you want to create a dependency that changes based on parameter name, or signature.
Also ParamInfo contains the initial graph that was used.
By default if error happens within the context, we send this error to the dependency,
so you can close it properly. You can disable this functionality by setting exception_propagation parameter to False.
Let's imagine that you want to get a database session from pool and commit after the function is done.
async def get_session():
session = sessionmaker()
yield session
await session.commit()But what if the error happened when the dependant function was called? In this case you want to rollback, instead of commit.
To solve this problem, you can just wrap the yield statement in try except to handle the error.
async def get_session():
session = sessionmaker()
try:
yield session
except Exception:
await session.rollback()
return
await session.commit()Also, as a library developer, you can disable exception propagation. If you do so, then no exception will ever be propagated to dependencies and no such try except expression will ever work.
Example of disabled propogation.
graph = DependencyGraph(target_func)
with graph.sync_ctx(exception_propagation=False) as ctx:
print(ctx.resolve_kwargs())
We support generics substitution for class-based dependencies. For example, let's define an interface and a class. This class can be parameterized with some type and we consider this type a dependency.
import abc
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
class MyInterface(abc.ABC):
@abc.abstractmethod
def getval(self) -> Any:
...
_T = TypeVar("_T", bound=MyInterface)
class MyClass(Generic[_T]):
# We don't know exact type, but we assume
# that it can be used as a dependency.
def __init__(self, resource: _T = Depends()):
self.resource = resource
@property
def my_value(self) -> Any:
return self.resource.getval()Now let's create several implementation of defined interface:
def getstr() -> str:
return "strstr"
def getint() -> int:
return 100
class MyDep1(MyInterface):
def __init__(self, s: str = Depends(getstr)) -> None:
self.s = s
def getval(self) -> str:
return self.s
class MyDep2(MyInterface):
def __init__(self, i: int = Depends(getint)) -> None:
self.i = i
def getval(self) -> int:
return self.iNow you can use these dependencies by just setting proper type hints.
def my_target(
d1: MyClass[MyDep1] = Depends(),
d2: MyClass[MyDep2] = Depends(),
) -> None:
print(d1.my_value)
print(d2.my_value)
with DependencyGraph(my_target).sync_ctx() as ctx:
my_target(**ctx.resolve_kwargs())This code will is going to print:
strstr
100
You can replace dependencies in runtime, it will recalculate graph and will execute your function with updated dependencies.
!!! This functionality tremendously slows down dependency resolution.
Use this functionality only for tests. Otherwise, you will end up building dependency graphs on every resolution request. Which is very slow.
But for tests it may be a game changer, since you don't want to change your code, but some dependencies instead.
Here's an example. Imagine you have a built graph for a specific function, like this:
from taskiq_dependencies import DependencyGraph, Depends
def dependency() -> int:
return 1
def target(dep_value: int = Depends(dependency)) -> None:
assert dep_value == 1
graph = DependencyGraph(target)Normally, you would call the target, by writing something like this:
with graph.sync_ctx() as ctx:
target(**ctx.resolve_kwargs())But what if you want to replace dependency in runtime, just
before resolving kwargs? The solution is to add replaced_deps
parameter to the context method. For example:
def replaced() -> int:
return 2
with graph.sync_ctx(replaced_deps={dependency: replaced}) as ctx:
target(**ctx.resolve_kwargs())Furthermore, the new dependency can depend on other dependencies. Or you can change type of your dependency, like generator instead of plain return. Everything should work as you would expect it.
Taskiq dependenices also support dependency injection through Annotated types.
from typing import Annotated
async def my_function(dependency: Annotated[int, Depends(my_func)]):
passOr you can specify classes
from typing import Annotated
class MyClass:
pass
async def my_function(dependency: Annotated[MyClass, Depends(my_func)]):
passAnd, of course you can easily save such type aliases in variables.
from typing import Annotated
DepType = Annotated[int, Depends(my_func)]
def my_function(dependency: DepType):
passAlso we support overrides for annotated types.
For example:
from typing import Annotated
DepType = Annotated[int, Depends(my_func)]
def my_function(
dependency: DepType,
no_cache_dep: Annotated[DepType, Depends(my_func, use_cache=False)],
) -> None:
passAlso, please note that if you're using from __future__ import annotations it won't work for python <= 3.9. Because the inspect.signature function doesn't support it. In all future versions it will work as expected.