diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/predicates.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/predicates.ts
index ca5e6aed49..d326bc820d 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/predicates.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/predicates.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { createPredicate, isBooleanElement, isStringElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import {
+  createPredicate,
+  isBooleanElement,
+  isStringElement,
+  toValue,
+} from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import AsyncApi2Element from './elements/AsyncApi2';
 import AsyncApiVersionElement from './elements/AsyncApiVersion';
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ export const isChannelItemElementExternal = (element: any): element is ChannelIt
     return false;
   }
 
-  const value = element.$ref.toValue();
+  const value = toValue(element.$ref);
 
   return typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0 && !value.startsWith('#');
 };
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ export const isReferenceElementExternal = (element: any): element is ReferenceEl
     return false;
   }
 
-  const value = element.$ref.toValue();
+  const value = toValue(element.$ref);
 
   return typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0 && !value.startsWith('#');
 };
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/plugins/replace-empty-element.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/plugins/replace-empty-element.ts
index 7d9e53e528..ca672875db 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/plugins/replace-empty-element.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/plugins/replace-empty-element.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   includesClasses,
   isArrayElement,
   cloneDeep,
+  toValue,
 } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import mediaTypes from '../../media-types';
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ const schema = {
     payload(...args: any[]) {
       // @ts-ignore
       const { context: messageElement } = this;
-      const schemaFormat = defaultTo(mediaTypes.latest(), messageElement.schemaFormat?.toValue());
+      const schemaFormat = defaultTo(mediaTypes.latest(), toValue(messageElement.schemaFormat));
 
       if (mediaTypes.includes(schemaFormat)) {
         return new SchemaElement(...args);
@@ -1026,7 +1027,7 @@ const schema = {
 
 const findElementFactory = (ancestor: any, keyName: string) => {
   const elementType = getNodeType(ancestor); // @ts-ignore
-  const keyMapping = schema[elementType] || schema[ancestor.classes.first?.toValue?.()];
+  const keyMapping = schema[elementType] || schema[toValue(ancestor.classes.first)];
 
   return typeof keyMapping === 'undefined'
     ? undefined
@@ -1044,7 +1045,7 @@ const plugin = () => () => {
 
         const [, , , ancestors] = rest;
         const ancestor = ancestors[ancestors.length - 1]; // @ts-ignore
-        const elementFactory = findElementFactory(ancestor, element.key.toValue());
+        const elementFactory = findElementFactory(ancestor, toValue(element.key));
 
         // no element factory found
         if (typeof elementFactory === 'undefined') return undefined;
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/predicates.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/predicates.ts
index 4a6e87a96a..86afa5f6c3 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/predicates.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/predicates.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-import { MemberElement, isStringElement, isObjectElement, Element } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { startsWith } from 'ramda';
+import {
+  MemberElement,
+  isStringElement,
+  isObjectElement,
+  Element,
+  toValue,
+} from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 export const isAsyncApi2LikeElement = <T extends Element>(element: T): boolean => {
   return (
@@ -39,5 +45,5 @@ export const isServerLikeElement = <T extends Element>(element: T): boolean => {
 
 export const isAsyncApiExtension = (element: MemberElement): boolean => {
   // @ts-ignore
-  return isStringElement(element.key) && startsWith('x-', element.key.toValue());
+  return isStringElement(element.key) && startsWith('x-', toValue(element.key));
 };
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/AsyncApiVersionVisitor.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/AsyncApiVersionVisitor.ts
index c18b05a092..c27f5364b5 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/AsyncApiVersionVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/AsyncApiVersionVisitor.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
-import { StringElement, BREAK } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { StringElement, BREAK, toValue } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import FallbackVisitor from '../FallbackVisitor';
 import SpecificationVisitor from '../SpecificationVisitor';
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import AsyncApiVersionElement from '../../../elements/AsyncApiVersion';
 const AsyncApiVersionVisitor = stampit(SpecificationVisitor, FallbackVisitor, {
   methods: {
     StringElement(stringElement: StringElement) {
-      const asyncApiVersionElement = new AsyncApiVersionElement(stringElement.toValue());
+      const asyncApiVersionElement = new AsyncApiVersionElement(toValue(stringElement));
 
       this.copyMetaAndAttributes(stringElement, asyncApiVersionElement);
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/DefaultContentTypeVisitor.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/DefaultContentTypeVisitor.ts
index 73296bc517..d85fdd4c5b 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/DefaultContentTypeVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/DefaultContentTypeVisitor.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
-import { StringElement, BREAK } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { StringElement, BREAK, toValue } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import FallbackVisitor from '../FallbackVisitor';
 import SpecificationVisitor from '../SpecificationVisitor';
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import DefaultContentTypeElement from '../../../elements/DefaultContentType';
 const DefaultContentTypeVisitor = stampit(SpecificationVisitor, FallbackVisitor, {
   methods: {
     StringElement(stringElement: StringElement) {
-      const defaultContentTypeElement = new DefaultContentTypeElement(stringElement.toValue());
+      const defaultContentTypeElement = new DefaultContentTypeElement(toValue(stringElement));
 
       this.copyMetaAndAttributes(stringElement, defaultContentTypeElement);
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/IdentifierVisitor.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/IdentifierVisitor.ts
index f8083ee623..539f727f15 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/IdentifierVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/IdentifierVisitor.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
-import { StringElement, BREAK } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { StringElement, BREAK, toValue } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import FallbackVisitor from '../FallbackVisitor';
 import SpecificationVisitor from '../SpecificationVisitor';
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import IdentifierElement from '../../../elements/Identifier';
 const IdentifierVisitor = stampit(SpecificationVisitor, FallbackVisitor, {
   methods: {
     StringElement(stringElement: StringElement) {
-      const identifierElement = new IdentifierElement(stringElement.toValue());
+      const identifierElement = new IdentifierElement(toValue(stringElement));
 
       this.copyMetaAndAttributes(stringElement, identifierElement);
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/info/VersionVisitor.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/info/VersionVisitor.ts
index 04a257abae..bcdf3dc6c9 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/info/VersionVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/info/VersionVisitor.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
-import { StringElement, BREAK } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { StringElement, BREAK, toValue } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import FallbackVisitor from '../../FallbackVisitor';
 
 const VersionVisitor = stampit(FallbackVisitor, {
   methods: {
     StringElement(stringElement: StringElement) {
-      this.element = new StringElement(stringElement.toValue());
+      this.element = new StringElement(toValue(stringElement));
 
       this.copyMetaAndAttributes(stringElement, this.element);
       this.element.classes.push('api-version');
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/message/index.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/message/index.ts
index 0f4193476f..6fd9fc24c8 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/message/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/async-api-2/message/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
 import { always, defaultTo } from 'ramda';
-import { ObjectElement, isObjectElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { ObjectElement, isObjectElement, toValue } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import mediaTypes from '../../../../media-types';
 import MessageElement from '../../../../elements/Message';
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const MessageVisitor = stampit(FixedFieldsVisitor, FallbackVisitor, {
       const payload = this.element.get('payload');
       const schemaFormat = defaultTo(
         mediaTypes.latest(),
-        objectElement.get('schemaFormat')?.toValue(),
+        toValue(objectElement.get('schemaFormat')),
       );
 
       if (mediaTypes.includes(schemaFormat) && isReferenceLikeElement(payload)) {
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/generics/PatternedFieldsVisitor.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/generics/PatternedFieldsVisitor.ts
index 8e3877a6ee..2aa499cade 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/generics/PatternedFieldsVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/src/refractor/visitors/generics/PatternedFieldsVisitor.ts
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ const PatternedFieldsJsonObjectVisitor = stampit(SpecificationVisitor, {
           );
           this.element.content.push(extensionElement);
         } else if (
-          !this.ignoredFields.includes(key.toValue()) &&
-          this.fieldPatternPredicate(key.toValue())
+          !this.ignoredFields.includes(toValue(key)) &&
+          this.fieldPatternPredicate(toValue(key))
         ) {
           const specPath = this.specPath(value);
           const patternedFieldElement = this.toRefractedElement(specPath, value);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/test/refractor/index.ts b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/test/refractor/index.ts
index 7978dc1afc..1d9f7d133c 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/test/refractor/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/test/refractor/index.ts
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ describe('refractor', function () {
           });
 
           // @ts-ignore
-          assert.strictEqual(asyncApiElement.asyncapi.meta.get('metaKey').toValue(), 'metaValue');
+          assert.strictEqual(toValue(asyncApiElement.asyncapi.meta.get('metaKey')), 'metaValue');
         });
       });
     });