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author = {David, Bernardo and Gaži, Peter and Kiayias, Aggelos and Russell, Alexander},
pages = {66-98},
title = {Ouroboros Praos: An Adaptively-Secure, Semi-synchronous Proof-of-Stake Blockchain},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-78375-8_3},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-78375-8_3},
year = {2018},
journal = {Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2018}
}
@article{saleh_2018_blockchain,
author = {Saleh, Fahad},
title = {Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake},
doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3183935},
volume = {34},
year = {2018},
journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal}
}
@article{li_2017_securing,
author = {Li, Wenting and Andreina, Sébastien and Bohli, Jens-Matthias and Karame, Ghassan},
pages = {297-315},
title = {Securing Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-67816-0_17},
year = {2017},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}
}
@misc{pass_2017_rethinking,
author = {Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine},
month = {08},
pages = {115–129},
title = {Rethinking Large-Scale Consensus},
doi = {10.1109/CSF.2017.37},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8049715},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2017},
organization = {IEEE Xplore}
}
@article{buterin_2019_casper,
author = {Buterin, Vitalik and Griffith, Virgil},
month = {01},
title = {Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437},
year = {2019},
journal = {arXiv:1710.09437 [cs]}
}
@article{nguyen_2019_proofofstake,
author = {Nguyen, Cong T. and Hoang, Dinh Thai and Nguyen, Diep N. and Niyato, Dusit and Nguyen, Huynh Tuong and Dutkiewicz, Eryk},
pages = {85727-85745},
title = {Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanisms for Future Blockchain Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Opportunities},
doi = {10.1109/access.2019.2925010},
volume = {7},
year = {2019},
journal = {IEEE Access}
}
@misc{gai_2018_stakebleeding,
author = {Gaži, Peter and Kiayias, Aggelos and Russell, Alexander},
month = {06},
pages = {85–92},
title = {Stake-Bleeding Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Blockchains},
doi = {10.1109/CVCBT.2018.00015},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8525396},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2018},
organization = {IEEE Xplore}
}
@misc{gai_2019_proofofstake,
author = {Gaži, Peter and Kiayias, Aggelos and Zindros, Dionysis},
month = {05},
pages = {139–156},
title = {Proof-of-Stake Sidechains},
doi = {10.1109/SP.2019.00040},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8835275?casa_token=0UPcN_jTmeYAAAAA:WqrdSJ7qPUK_txIqniNcw-jjuJlD5lnbbG4FKhqD6BHcYHaLQZeZ-ASbjcfiLZGeju5mlmjRwTqd},
urldate = {2022-06-09},
year = {2019},
organization = {IEEE Xplore}
}
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author = {Roşu, Ioanid and Saleh, Fahad},
month = {11},
title = {Evolution of Shares in a Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrency},
doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2020.3791},
year = {2020},
journal = {Management Science}
}
@misc{houy_2014_it,
author = {Houy, Nicolas},
month = {01},
title = {It Will Cost You Nothing to 'Kill' a Proof-of-Stake Crypto-Currency},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2393940},
urldate = {2022-04-22},
year = {2014},
organization = {papers.ssrn.com}
}
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author = {Fan, Lei and Zhou, Hong-Sheng},
title = {A Scalable Proof-of-Stake Blockchain in the Open Setting (or, How to Mimic Nakamoto's Design via Proof-of-Stake)},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/656},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2017},
journal = {Cryptology ePrint Archive}
}
@article{tosh_2018_cloudpos,
author = {Tosh, Deepak and Shetty, Sachin and Foytik, Peter and Kamhoua, Charles and Njilla, Laurent},
month = {07},
title = {CloudPoS: A Proof-of-Stake Consensus Design for Blockchain Integrated Cloud},
doi = {10.1109/cloud.2018.00045},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2018},
journal = {2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)}
}
@article{akbar_2021_distributed,
author = {Akbar, Nur Arifin and Muneer, Amgad and ElHakim, Narmine and Fati, Suliman Mohamed},
month = {11},
pages = {285},
title = {Distributed Hybrid Double-Spending Attack Prevention Mechanism for Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Consensuses},
doi = {10.3390/fi13110285},
volume = {13},
year = {2021},
journal = {Future Internet}
}
@article{kang_2019_incentivizing,
author = {Kang, Jiawen and Xiong, Zehui and Niyato, Dusit and Wang, Ping and Ye, Dongdong and Kim, Dong In},
month = {02},
pages = {157-160},
title = {Incentivizing Consensus Propagation in Proof-of-Stake Based Consortium Blockchain Networks},
doi = {10.1109/lwc.2018.2864758},
url = {https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/140139/2/Incentivizing%20consensus%20propagation%20in%20proof%20of%20stake%20based%20consortium%20blockchain%20networks.pdf},
urldate = {2022-03-09},
volume = {8},
year = {2019},
journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications Letters}
}
@article{li_2020_robust,
author = {Li, Aiya and Wei, Xianhua and He, Zhou},
month = {04},
pages = {2824},
title = {Robust Proof of Stake: A New Consensus Protocol for Sustainable Blockchain Systems},
doi = {10.3390/su12072824},
volume = {12},
year = {2020},
journal = {Sustainability}
}
@article{tas_2022_bitcoinenhanced,
author = {Tas, Ertem Nusret and Tse, David and Gai, Fangyu and Kannan, Sreeram and Maddah-Ali, Mohammad Ali and Yu, Fisher},
month = {08},
title = {Bitcoin-Enhanced Proof-of-Stake Security: Possibilities and Impossibilities},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.08392},
year = {2022},
journal = {arXiv:2207.08392 [cs]}
}
@article{damato_2022_no,
author = {D'Amato, Francesco and Neu, Joachim and Tas, Ertem Nusret and Tse, David},
month = {09},
title = {No More Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum?},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03255},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2022},
journal = {arXiv:2209.03255 [cs]}
}
@article{fitzi_2020_proofofstake,
author = {Fitzi, Matthias and Gaži, Peter and Kiayias, Aggelos and Russell, Alexander},
title = {Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols with Near-Optimal Throughput},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/037},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2020},
journal = {Cryptology ePrint Archive}
}
@misc{bentov_2016_snow,
author = {Bentov, Iddo and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine},
title = {Snow White: Provably Secure Proofs of Stake},
url = {https://allquantor.at/blockchainbib/pdf/bentov2016snow.pdf},
year = {2016}
}
@article{chan_2020_streamlet,
author = {Chan, Benjamin Y. and Shi, Elaine},
month = {10},
title = {Streamlet},
doi = {10.1145/3419614.3423256},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2020},
journal = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies}
}
@article{daian_2019_snow,
author = {Daian, Phil and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine},
pages = {23-41},
title = {Snow White: Robustly Reconfigurable Consensus and Applications to Provably Secure Proof of Stake},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_2},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2019},
journal = {Financial Cryptography and Data Security}
}
@article{badertscher_2018_ouroboros,
author = {Badertscher, Christian and Gaži, Peter and Kiayias, Aggelos and Russell, Alexander and Zikas, Vassilis},
month = {01},
title = {Ouroboros Genesis},
doi = {10.1145/3243734.3243848},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2018},
journal = {Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security}
}
@misc{buterin_2014_ethereum,
author = {Buterin, Vitalik},
title = {Ethereum Whitepaper},
url = {https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/},
year = {2014},
organization = {ethereum.org}
}
@misc{ethereumdevelopers_2022_ethereum,
author = {Ethereum Developers},
month = {04},
title = {Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Specifications},
url = {https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs},
year = {2022},
organization = {GitHub}
}
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author = {Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine},
title = {Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/917},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
year = {2016},
journal = {Cryptology ePrint Archive}
}
@article{zheng_2017_an,
author = {Zheng, Zibin and Xie, Shaoan and Dai, Hongning and Chen, Xiangping and Wang, Huaimin},
month = {06},
title = {An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends},
doi = {10.1109/bigdatacongress.2017.85},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8029379},
year = {2017},
journal = {2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress)}
}
@misc{bach_2018_comparative,
author = {Bach, L. M. and Mihaljevic, B. and Zagar, M.},
month = {05},
pages = {1545–1550},
title = {Comparative analysis of blockchain consensus algorithms},
doi = {10.23919/MIPRO.2018.8400278},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8400278},
year = {2018},
organization = {IEEE Xplore}
}
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author = {Gramoli, Vincent},
month = {06},
pages = {760-769},
title = {From blockchain consensus back to Byzantine consensus},
doi = {10.1016/j.future.2017.09.023},
urldate = {2019-02-28},
volume = {107},
year = {2020},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}
}
@article{mingxiao_2017_a,
author = {Mingxiao, Du and Xiaofeng, Ma and Zhe, Zhang and Xiangwei, Wang and Qijun, Chen},
month = {10},
title = {A review on consensus algorithm of blockchain},
doi = {10.1109/smc.2017.8123011},
year = {2017},
journal = {2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)}
}
@article{xiao_2020_a,
author = {Xiao, Yang and Zhang, Ning and Lou, Wenjing and Hou, Y. Thomas},
pages = {1-1},
title = {A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks},
doi = {10.1109/comst.2020.2969706},
urldate = {2020-02-14},
year = {2020},
journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials}
}
@article{zhang_2020_analysis,
author = {Zhang, Shijie and Lee, Jong-Hyouk},
month = {06},
title = {Analysis of the main consensus protocols of blockchain},
doi = {10.1016/j.icte.2019.08.001},
volume = {6},
year = {2020},
journal = {ICT Express}
}
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author = {Sayeed, Sarwar and Marco-Gisbert, Hector},
month = {04},
pages = {1788},
title = {Assessing Blockchain Consensus and Security Mechanisms against the 51% Attack},
doi = {10.3390/app9091788},
volume = {9},
year = {2019},
journal = {Applied Sciences}
}
@article{wang_2019_a,
author = {Wang, Wenbo and Hoang, Dinh Thai and Hu, Peizhao and Xiong, Zehui and Niyato, Dusit and Wang, Ping and Wen, Yonggang and Kim, Dong In},
pages = {22328-22370},
title = {A Survey on Consensus Mechanisms and Mining Strategy Management in Blockchain Networks},
doi = {10.1109/access.2019.2896108},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8629877},
volume = {7},
year = {2019},
journal = {IEEE Access}
}
@article{viriyasitavat_2019_blockchain,
author = {Viriyasitavat, Wattana and Hoonsopon, Danupol},
month = {03},
pages = {32-39},
title = {Blockchain characteristics and consensus in modern business processes},
doi = {10.1016/j.jii.2018.07.004},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452414X18300815},
volume = {13},
year = {2019},
journal = {Journal of Industrial Information Integration}
}
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author = {Chaudhry, Natalia and Yousaf, Muhammad Murtaza},
month = {12},
title = {Consensus Algorithms in Blockchain: Comparative Analysis, Challenges and Opportunities},
doi = {10.1109/icosst.2018.8632190},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8632190},
urldate = {2019-11-29},
year = {2018},
journal = {2018 12th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST)}
}
@misc{ethereumcontributors_2022_consensus,
author = {Ethereum Contributors},
month = {12},
title = {Consensus mechanisms},
url = {https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/},
year = {2022},
organization = {ethereum.org}
}
@misc{nakamoto_2008_bitcoin,
author = {Nakamoto, Satoshi},
month = {10},
title = {Bitcoin: a Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System},
url = {https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf},
year = {2008},
organization = {bitcoin.org}
}
@article{lamport_1982_the,
author = {Lamport, Leslie and Shostak, Robert and Pease, Marshall},
month = {07},
pages = {382-401},
title = {The Byzantine Generals Problem},
doi = {10.1145/357172.357176},
volume = {4},
year = {1982},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems}
}
@misc{wackerow_2022_proofofstake,
author = {Wackerow, Paul},
month = {01},
title = {Proof-of-stake (PoS)},
url = {https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos/},
year = {2022},
organization = {ethereum.org}
}
@misc{king_2012_peercoin,
author = {King, Sunny and Nadal, Scott},
month = {08},
title = {Peercoin — The Pioneer of Proof-of-Stake},
url = {https://www.peercoin.net/read/papers/peercoin-paper.pdf},
urldate = {2022-12-26},
year = {2012},
organization = {www.peercoin.net}
}
@misc{algorand_pure,
author = {Algorand},
title = {Pure Proof-of-Stake},
url = {https://www.algorand.com/technology/pure-proof-of-stake},
organization = {www.algorand.com}
}
@misc{kwon_2014_tendermint,
author = {Kwon, Jae},
title = {Tendermint: Consensus without Mining},
url = {https://tendermint.com/static/docs/tendermint.pdf},
year = {2014}
}
@article{li_2017_proof,
author = {Li, Kejiao and Li, Hui and Hou, Hanxu and Li, Kedan and Chen, Yongle},
month = {12},
title = {Proof of Vote: A High-Performance Consensus Protocol Based on Vote Mechanism & Consortium Blockchain},
doi = {10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2017.61},
urldate = {2021-05-08},
year = {2017},
journal = {2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 15th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 3rd International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS)}
}
@article{bentov_2014_proof,
author = {Bentov, Iddo and Lee, Charles and Mizrahi, Alex and Rosenfeld, Meni},
month = {12},
pages = {34-37},
title = {Proof of Activity},
doi = {10.1145/2695533.2695545},
volume = {42},
year = {2014},
journal = {ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review}
}
@misc{mazires_the,
author = {Mazières, David},
title = {The Stellar Consensus Protocol A federated model for Internet-level consensus},
url = {http://www.scs.stanford.edu/17au-cs244b/notes/scp.pdf},
urldate = {2021-01-05}
}
@misc{bitshares_2018_bitshares,
author = {bitshares},
month = {03},
title = {BitShares .Build},
url = {https://bitshares.github.io/},
urldate = {2022-12-29},
year = {2018},
organization = {BitShares .Build}
}
@misc{cardano_ouroboros,
author = {Cardano},
title = {Ouroboros},
url = {https://cardano.org/ouroboros/},
organization = {cardano.org}
}
@misc{cosmos_cosmos,
author = {Cosmos},
title = {Cosmos: The Internet of Blockchains},
url = {https://cosmos.network/features},
urldate = {2022-12-29},
organization = {Cosmos: The Internet of Blockchains}
}
@article{gilad_2017_algorand,
author = {Gilad, Yossi and Hemo, Rotem and Micali, Silvio and Vlachos, Georgios and Zeldovich, Nickolai},
month = {10},
title = {Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies},
doi = {10.1145/3132747.3132757},
year = {2017},
journal = {Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles}
}
@misc{chainlink_2023_what,
author = {Chainlink},
month = {01},
title = {What Is Staking? | Chainlink},
url = {https://chain.link/education-hub/what-is-staking-crypto},
urldate = {2023-02-05},
year = {2023},
organization = {chain.link}
}
@misc{gresham_2022_why,
author = {Gresham, Johns},
month = {10},
title = {Why and How to Run a Node! (No ETH Required) by Johns Gresham | Devcon Bogotá},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yWmF4hiAsA&t=361s},
urldate = {2023-02-05},
year = {2022},
organization = {www.youtube.com}
}
@misc{algorand_algorand,
author = {Algorand},
title = {Algorand node types - Algorand Developer Portal},
url = {https://developer.algorand.org/docs/run-a-node/setup/types/},
urldate = {2023-02-05},
organization = {developer.algorand.org}
}
@misc{algorand_governor,
author = {Algorand},
title = {Governor Guide},
url = {https://www.algorand.foundation/governor-guide},
urldate = {2023-02-05},
organization = {www.algorand.foundation}
}
@misc{algorand_general,
author = {Algorand},
title = {General Frequently Asked Questions | Algorand Foundation},
url = {https://www.algorand.foundation/general-faq#governance-faq-header},
urldate = {2023-02-05},
organization = {www.algorand.foundation}
}
@article{buterin_2020_combining,
author = {Buterin, Vitalik and Hernandez, Diego and Kamphefner, Thor and Pham, Khiem and Qiao, Zhi and Ryan, Danny and Sin, Juhyeok and Wang, Ying and Zhang, Yan X.},
month = {05},
title = {Combining GHOST and Casper},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052},
year = {2020},
journal = {arXiv:2003.03052 [cs]}
}
@article{kiayias_2022_sok,
author = {Kiayias, Aggelos and Lazos, Philip},
month = {01},
title = {SoK: Blockchain Governance},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07188},
urldate = {2022-03-26},
year = {2022},
journal = {arXiv:2201.07188 [cs]}
}
@misc{governance,
title = {Governance | Algorand Foundation},
url = {https://www.algorand.foundation/governance},
urldate = {2023-03-05},
organization = {www.algorand.foundation}
}
@article{ramos_2015_liquid,
author = {Ramos, José},
pages = {173-191},
title = {Liquid Democracy and the Futures of Governance},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-22994-2_11},
year = {2015},
journal = {Public Administration and Information Technology}
}
@misc{a2022_a,
month = {12},
title = {A Detailed Guide to Voting on Proposals and Earning Rewards through the NNS},
url = {https://www.dfinitycommunity.com/a-detailed-guide-to-voting-on-proposals-and-earning-substantial-rewards-through-the-nns/},
urldate = {2023-03-05},
year = {2022},
organization = {CoinHustle}
}
@misc{ethereum,
title = {Ethereum staking},
url = {https://ethereum.org/en/staking/},
organization = {ethereum.org}
}
