This code sample demonstrates the procedures that must be followed when performing Remote Attestation for an Intel SGX enclave. The code sample includes both a sample ISV (independent software vendor) client (and its enclave) and ISV remote attestation server. This code sample has been tested on the following platforms:
Linux
- Ubuntu* 16.04
- Centos* 7.4
Microsoft Windows*
- Windows 10 64-bit
For complete information on remote attestation, see the white paper on Intel's Developer Zone.
For more information on developing applications with Intel SGX, visit the Intel SGX landing zone.
Released on 9/18/2018.
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Added verification of the enclave report by computing the SHA256 hash of Ga || Gb || VK and comparing the result to the first 32 bytes of quote.report_body.report_data. Also verify next 32 bytes of report_data is a block of 0x00's
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Created an ra_session_t data structure to separate session data from global configuration variables.
Released on 9/7/2018.
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Added -X switch (--strict-trust-mode) so the service provider can choose whether or not to trust enclaves that result in a CONFIGURATION_NEEDED status from IAS. Previously, any result that was not OK resulted in a "not trusted" result.
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Added Trusted_Complicated and NotTrusted_Complicated response codes. When a trust result is complicated, the client can be brought into full compliance by taking action that's reported in the Platform Information Block (PIB).
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Added derivations of the MK and SK keys in the client and server so.
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Added POLICY_STRICT_TRUST variable to settings files for both Linux and Windows (see -X, above)
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Various tweaks to documentation and comments.
Except as otherwise noted, source code is made available under the Intel Sample Source Code license. See the LICENSE file for terms.
For simplicity, the client and server are packaged and built together. In a real-world environment, these would be separate builds.
The service provider's remote attestation server does not require Intel SGX hardware or software to run. The server in this code sample requires the Intel SGX SDK header files in order to simplify the code and build process, but this is not strictly necessary.
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Ensure that you have one of the following operating systems:
- CentOS 7.4 (64-bit)
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Desktop (64-bit)
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Server (64-bit)
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Ensure that you have built and installed the Intel SGX packages:
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Run the following commands to install the required packages to build the RA code sample (this assumes you have installed the dependencies for the Intel SGX SDK and PSW package)
- On CentOS 7.4
$ yum install libcurl-devel- On Ubuntu 16.04
$ apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
-
Download the source for the latest release of OpenSSL 1.1.0, then build and install it into a non-system directory such as /opt (note that both
--prefixand--openssldirshould be set when building OpenSSL 1.1.0). For example:$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0i.tar.gz $ tar xf openssl-1.1.0i.tar.gz $ cd openssl-1.1.0i $ ./Configure --prefix=/opt/openssl/1.1.0i --openssldir=/opt/openssl/1.1.0i $ make $ sudo make install
First, prepare the build system (GNU* automake and autoconf) by running bootstrap, and then configure the software package using the configure command. You'll need to specify the location of OpenSSL 1.1.0. See the build notes section for additional options to configure.
$ ./bootstrap
$ ./configure --with-openssldir=/opt/openssl/1.1.0i
$ make
As this is a code sample and not a full application, 'make install' not recommended.
Both make clean and make distclean are supported.
The service provider sample supports two user agents on Linux for communicating with the Intel Attestation Server (IAS): libcurl and wget.
The wget agent runs wget via execvp(2) to GET and POST data to IAS. This does not provide seamless support for password-protected client certificate private keys, as wget can only obtain these passwords by prompting for them on stdin.
The libcurl agent is fully featured and does not depend on external commands. However, pre-packaged distributions of libcurl are typically built against OpenSSL, GnuTLS, or NSS. At this time, the Intel Attestation Service development server (which most ISV's use during their application and service testing phase) is not compatible with NSS due to the amount of data sent by IAS during the TLS handshake. For this reason, it is recommended that your libcurl distribution be built against OpenSSL or GnuTLS.
If your distribution's libcurl package is built against NSS and can't be changed, you should use the wget agent when running the RA sample against the IAS development server.
libcurl may be built against your local distribution's OpenSSL package (which is 1.0.x for the supported OS's). If so, you will receive a warning message at link time which can be ignored. Only libcrypto is required from the OpenSSL 1.1.0 build and it will not conflict with libcurl's OpenSSL dependencies.
You can disable libcurl at build time by supplying --disable-agent-libcurl to configure, in which case the server will fall back to using wget as its agent.
The configure script will attempt to auto-detect your Intel SGX SDK directory, but if for some reason it can't find it, then you should supply the path via --with-sgxsdk=PATH.
You can build the client for simulation mode using --enable-sgx-simulation. Note that Remote Attestation will fail for clients running in simulation mode, as this mode has no hardware protection.
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Ensure you have the following:
- Windows 10 64-bit
- Microsoft* Visual Studio 2015 (Professional edition or better)
- Intel SGX SDK and Platform Software for Windows
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Install OpenSSL 1.1.0 for Windows. The Win64 OpenSSL v1.1.0 package from Shining Light Productions is recommended. Select the option to copy the DLL's to your Windows system directory.
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Download applink.c from GitHub and install it to OpenSSL's
include\openssldirectory. -
Install libcurl 7 for Windows. The cURL distribution from Confused by Code is recommended because it was built against OpenSSL using Visual Studio 2015, has no external dependencies, and is packaged with an installer. It includes a certificate bundle, libraries, and the headers necessary for development (though you'll need to choose the advanced install option to include the headers). Note that this is an older build of cURL (7.46.0 as of this writing). You may be able to find newer builds of the complete libcurl package.
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Copy
libcurl.dllto your Windows system directory (generallyC:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32).
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Open the Solution file
remote-attestation-sample.slnin thevs/subdirectory. -
Set the configuration to "Debug" and the platform to "x64".
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Configure the client build
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Open the client project properties
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Navigate to "C/C++ -> General" and edit "Additional Include Directories" to include your OpenSSL include path. This is pre-set to
C:\OpenSSL-Win64\includewhich is the default location for the recommended OpenSSL package for Windows. -
Navigate to "Linker -> General" and edit "Additional Library Directories" to
C:\OpenSSL-Win64\lib
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-
Configure the server build
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Open the sp project properties
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Navigate to "C/C++ -> General" and edit "Additional Include Directories" to include your curl and OpenSSL include paths. These are pre-set to
C:\Program Files\cURL\includeandC:\OpenSSL-Win64\includewhich are the default locations for the recommended packages. -
Navigate to "Linker -> Additional Library Directories" and edit "Additional Library Directories" to include your curl and OpenSSL library paths. These are pre-set to
C:\Program Files\cURL\libandC:\OpenSSL-Win64\lib\VC\which are the default locations for the recommended packages.
-
-
Build the Solution. The binaries will be written to
vs\x64\Debug
The Windows sample uses libcurl instead of Windows native APIs for contacting IAS. At this time, the Intel Attestation Service development server (which most ISV's use during their application and service testing phase) is not compatible with WinHTTP/WinInet due to the amount of data sent by IAS during the TLS handshake.
By default, the server listens on port 7777 and the client connects to localhost. The server will make use of system proxy settings when contacting IAS.
The client and server use a very simplistic network protocol with no error handling and no encryption. Messages are sent using base 16 encoding (printed hex strings) for easy reading and interpretation. The intent here is to demonstrate the RA procedures and the modified Sigma protocol, not model a real-world application. It's assumed that a real ISV would integrate RA flows into their existing service infrastructure (e.g. a REST API implemented over a TLS session).
Two wrapper scripts, run-client and run-server are provided for convenience. These are Bourne shell scripts that do the following:
- Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- Parse the
settingsfile (which is sourced as a shell script) - Execute the client or server application with the corresponding command-line options
You can pass command-line options to the underlying executables via the wrapper scripts.
To execute:
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Edit the
settingsfile -
Run the server:
./run-server [ options ] [ post ] -
Run the client:
./run-client [ options ] [ host[:post] ]
Two wrapper scripts, run-client.cmd and run-server.cmd are provided for convenience. These are Windows CMD-style batch files that do the following:
- Parse the
settings.cmdfile (which is called as a batch file) - Execute the client.exe or sp.exe applications with the corresponding command-line options.
You can pass command-line options to the underlying executables via the wrapper scripts. Note that it expects UNIX-style syntax (dashes), not Windows-style (slashes).
To execute:
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Edit the
settings.cmdfile -
Run the server:
run-server [ options ] [ port ] -
Run the client:
run-client [ options ] [ host[:port] ]
Use verbose mode (-v) to see additional details about the messages sent between the client and server. This information is printed to stderr.
Use debug mode (-d) to view debugging information.
usage: client [ options ] [ host[:port] ]
Required:
-N, --nonce-file=FILE Set a nonce from a file containing a 32-byte
ASCII hex string
-P, --pubkey-file=FILE File containing the public key of the service
provider.
-S, --spid-file=FILE Set the SPID from a file containing a 32-byte
ASCII hex string
-d, --debug Show debugging information
-e, --epid-gid Get the EPID Group ID instead of performing
an attestation.
-l, --linkable Specify a linkable quote (default: unlinkable)
-m, --pse-manifest Include the PSE manifest in the quote
-n, --nonce=HEXSTRING Set a nonce from a 32-byte ASCII hex string
-p, --pubkey=HEXSTRING Specify the public key of the service provider
as an ASCII hex string instead of using the
default.
-q Generate a quote instead of performing an
attestation.
-r Generate a nonce using RDRAND
-s, --spid=HEXSTRING Set the SPID from a 32-byte ASCII hex string
-v, --verbose Print decoded RA messages to stderr
-z Read from stdin and write to stdout instead
connecting to a server.
By default, the client connects to a server running on localhost, port 7777, and attempts a remote attestation.
If -z is supplied, it will run interactively, accepting input from stdin and writing to stdout. This makes it possible to copy and paste output from the client to the server, and visa-versa.
The -q option will generate and print a quote instead of performing remote attestation. This quote can be submitted as-is to the Intel Attestation Service, and is intended for debugging RA workflows and IAS communications.
The -p and -P options let you override the service provider's public key for debugging and testing purposes. This key is normally hardcoded into the enclave to ensure it only attests to the expected service provider.
usage: sp [ options ] [ port ]
Required:
-A, --ias-signing-cafile=FILE
Specify the IAS Report Signing CA file.
-C, --ias-cert-file=FILE Specify the IAS client certificate to use when
communicating with IAS.
One of (required):
-S, --spid-file=FILE Set the SPID from a file containg a 32-byte.
ASCII hex string.
-s, --spid=HEXSTRING Set the SPID from a 32-byte ASCII hex string.
Optional:
-B, --ca-bundle-file=FILE
Use the CA certificate bundle at FILE (default:
/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt)
-E, --ias-cert-passwd=FILE
Use password in FILE for the IAS client
certificate.
-G, --list-agents List available user agent names for --user-agent
-K, --service-key-file=FILE
The private key file for the service in PEM
format (default: use hardcoded key). The
client must be given the corresponding public
key. Can't combine with --key.
-P, --production Query the production IAS server instead of dev.
-X, --strict-trust-mode Don't trust enclaves that receive a
CONFIGURATION_NEEDED response from IAS
(default: trust)
-Y, --ias-cert-key=FILE The private key file for the IAS client certificate.
-d, --debug Print debug information to stderr.
-g, --user-agent=NAME Use NAME as the user agent for contacting IAS.
-k, --key=HEXSTRING The private key as a hex string. See --key-file
for notes. Can't combine with --key-file.
-l, --linkable Request a linkable quote (default: unlinkable).
-p, --proxy=PROXYURL Use the proxy server at PROXYURL when contacting
IAS. Can't combine with --no-proxy
-r, --api-version=N Use version N of the IAS API (default: 2)
-t, --ias-cert-type=TYPE The client certificate type. Can be PEM (default)
or P12.
-v, --verbose Be verbose. Print message structure details and the
results of intermediate operations to stderr.
-x, --no-proxy Do not use a proxy (force a direct connection),
overriding environment.
-z --stdio Read from stdin and write to stdout instead of
running as a network server.
You set the user agent with -g (a list of supported agents can be obtained from -G). On Linux, this is one of either wget or libcurl (unless the latter is disabled in the build configuration). On Windows, libcurl is the only agent.
By default, the server uses protocol version 2 when communicating with IAS. This can be changed with -r. Version 1 has been deprecated.
You can override the service provider private key with -k or -K. As with the client, this key would normally be hardcoded into the server to prevent it from handling unauthorized clients.
The certificate used by the server when communicating with IAS must be from a recognized CA. If you use a self-signed certificate, the signing CA must be added to your CA bundle or it will be rejected (a full certificate chain in the client certificate file is allowed).
You can force the server to use a proxy when communicating with IAS via -p, or to use a direct connection via -x.
As with the client, the server can be run in interactive mode via -z, accepting input from stdin and writing to stdout. This makes it possible to copy and paste output from the client to the server, and visa-versa.
By default, the server trsuts enclaves that result in a CONFIGURATION_NEEDED response from IAS. Enable strict mode with -X to mark these enclaves as untrusted. This is a policy decision: the service provider should decide whether or not to trust the enclave in this circumstance.
---- Copy/Paste Msg0||Msg1 Below to SP -------------------------------------
000000006beaf1641d386157559ecbc95330c407442f5169c0adc13e9faa6b94e1011acbdfb157867dbd65633b023cc95a1d19eda341f5bbfed20eebdc04c708b99e40b2e00a0000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waiting for msg2
---- Copy/Paste Msg3 Below to SP -------------------------------------------
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
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---- Enclave Trust Status from Service Provider ----------------------------
Enclave TRUSTED
Listening for connections on port 7777
Waiting for a client to connect...
Connection from 127.0.0.1
Waiting for msg0||msg1
---- Copy/Paste Msg2 Below to Client ---------------------------------------
e1c252d589daf123e18a20047d48d00dcc36312bba903b56ff62e3282a7991e4c355bc2c62427e003c7830b9f648cae480105fd065866b41fd0255038a9f54d6928a6b0e3cddad56eb3badaa3b63f71f00000100b5d1f9b84fe9e25690b220ad89465ba4d569b3eccbc26d0842666b466e745f8b5079ec3591be5c6ff6fe185d97244c06ffda6f1cb23f600e4b6a04b141df8e2f3c43bbcd7fc375b372c6044ccd414e3300000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waiting for msg3
---- Copy/Paste Msg4 Below to Client ---------------------------------------
010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------