diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 5761b147..2e1fc445 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -180,3 +180,16 @@ impl<T, E> From<Result<T, E>> for StableResult<T, E> {
 
 /// Return value of programs and syscalls
 pub type ProgramResult = StableResult<u64, EbpfError>;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_program_result_is_stable() {
+        let ok = ProgramResult::Ok(42);
+        assert_eq!(ok.discriminant(), 0);
+        let err = ProgramResult::Err(EbpfError::JitNotCompiled);
+        assert_eq!(err.discriminant(), 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/program.rs b/src/program.rs
index 279d4ea2..55bbb20d 100644
--- a/src/program.rs
+++ b/src/program.rs
@@ -341,3 +341,39 @@ macro_rules! declare_builtin_function {
         }
     };
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{program::BuiltinFunction, syscalls, vm::TestContextObject};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_builtin_program_eq() {
+        let mut function_registry_a =
+            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
+        function_registry_a
+            .register_function_hashed(*b"log", syscalls::SyscallString::vm)
+            .unwrap();
+        function_registry_a
+            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut function_registry_b =
+            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
+        function_registry_b
+            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
+            .unwrap();
+        function_registry_b
+            .register_function_hashed(*b"log", syscalls::SyscallString::vm)
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut function_registry_c =
+            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
+        function_registry_c
+            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
+            .unwrap();
+        let builtin_program_a = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_a);
+        let builtin_program_b = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_b);
+        assert_eq!(builtin_program_a, builtin_program_b);
+        let builtin_program_c = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_c);
+        assert_ne!(builtin_program_a, builtin_program_c);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/vm.rs b/src/vm.rs
index eba59184..f91a7de5 100644
--- a/src/vm.rs
+++ b/src/vm.rs
@@ -422,47 +422,3 @@ impl<'a, C: ContextObject> EbpfVm<'a, C> {
         (instruction_count, result)
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::{program::BuiltinFunction, syscalls};
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_program_result_is_stable() {
-        let ok = ProgramResult::Ok(42);
-        assert_eq!(ok.discriminant(), 0);
-        let err = ProgramResult::Err(EbpfError::JitNotCompiled);
-        assert_eq!(err.discriminant(), 1);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_builtin_program_eq() {
-        let mut function_registry_a =
-            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
-        function_registry_a
-            .register_function_hashed(*b"log", syscalls::SyscallString::vm)
-            .unwrap();
-        function_registry_a
-            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
-            .unwrap();
-        let mut function_registry_b =
-            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
-        function_registry_b
-            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
-            .unwrap();
-        function_registry_b
-            .register_function_hashed(*b"log", syscalls::SyscallString::vm)
-            .unwrap();
-        let mut function_registry_c =
-            FunctionRegistry::<BuiltinFunction<TestContextObject>>::default();
-        function_registry_c
-            .register_function_hashed(*b"log_64", syscalls::SyscallU64::vm)
-            .unwrap();
-        let builtin_program_a = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_a);
-        let builtin_program_b = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_b);
-        assert_eq!(builtin_program_a, builtin_program_b);
-        let builtin_program_c = BuiltinProgram::new_loader(Config::default(), function_registry_c);
-        assert_ne!(builtin_program_a, builtin_program_c);
-    }
-}