diff --git a/src/debugger.rs b/src/debugger.rs
index 432cf8b7..81cfbe0b 100644
--- a/src/debugger.rs
+++ b/src/debugger.rs
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ use gdbstub::target::ext::section_offsets::Offsets;
 
 use crate::{
     ebpf,
-    error::EbpfError,
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
     interpreter::{DebugState, Interpreter},
     memory_region::AccessType,
-    vm::{ContextObject, ProgramResult},
+    vm::ContextObject,
 };
 
 type DynResult<T> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
diff --git a/src/elf.rs b/src/elf.rs
index d47fcc73..fd76235a 100644
--- a/src/elf.rs
+++ b/src/elf.rs
@@ -1189,10 +1189,11 @@ mod test {
             consts::{ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, ET_REL},
             types::{Elf64Ehdr, Elf64Shdr},
         },
+        error::ProgramResult,
         fuzz::fuzz,
         program::BuiltinFunction,
         syscalls,
-        vm::{ProgramResult, TestContextObject},
+        vm::TestContextObject,
     };
     use rand::{distributions::Uniform, Rng};
     use std::{fs::File, io::Read};
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 411db985..5761b147 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -87,3 +87,96 @@ pub enum EbpfError {
     #[error("Syscall error: {0}")]
     SyscallError(Box<dyn Error>),
 }
+
+/// Same as `Result` but provides a stable memory layout
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[repr(C, u64)]
+pub enum StableResult<T, E> {
+    /// Success
+    Ok(T),
+    /// Failure
+    Err(E),
+}
+
+impl<T: std::fmt::Debug, E: std::fmt::Debug> StableResult<T, E> {
+    /// `true` if `Ok`
+    pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(_) => true,
+            Self::Err(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// `true` if `Err`
+    pub fn is_err(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(_) => false,
+            Self::Err(_) => true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inner value if `Ok`, panics otherwise
+    pub fn unwrap(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(value) => value,
+            Self::Err(error) => panic!("unwrap {:?}", error),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inner error if `Err`, panics otherwise
+    pub fn unwrap_err(self) -> E {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(value) => panic!("unwrap_err {:?}", value),
+            Self::Err(error) => error,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps ok values, leaving error values untouched
+    pub fn map<U, O: FnOnce(T) -> U>(self, op: O) -> StableResult<U, E> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(value) => StableResult::<U, E>::Ok(op(value)),
+            Self::Err(error) => StableResult::<U, E>::Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps error values, leaving ok values untouched
+    pub fn map_err<F, O: FnOnce(E) -> F>(self, op: O) -> StableResult<T, F> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Ok(value) => StableResult::<T, F>::Ok(value),
+            Self::Err(error) => StableResult::<T, F>::Err(op(error)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        any(
+            not(feature = "jit"),
+            target_os = "windows",
+            not(target_arch = "x86_64")
+        ),
+        allow(dead_code)
+    )]
+    pub(crate) fn discriminant(&self) -> u64 {
+        unsafe { *(self as *const _ as *const u64) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> From<StableResult<T, E>> for Result<T, E> {
+    fn from(result: StableResult<T, E>) -> Self {
+        match result {
+            StableResult::Ok(value) => Ok(value),
+            StableResult::Err(value) => Err(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> From<Result<T, E>> for StableResult<T, E> {
+    fn from(result: Result<T, E>) -> Self {
+        match result {
+            Ok(value) => Self::Ok(value),
+            Err(value) => Self::Err(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Return value of programs and syscalls
+pub type ProgramResult = StableResult<u64, EbpfError>;
diff --git a/src/interpreter.rs b/src/interpreter.rs
index 2d485ba0..9c489e7a 100644
--- a/src/interpreter.rs
+++ b/src/interpreter.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 use crate::{
     ebpf::{self, STACK_PTR_REG},
     elf::Executable,
-    error::EbpfError,
-    vm::{get_runtime_environment_key, Config, ContextObject, EbpfVm, ProgramResult},
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
+    vm::{get_runtime_environment_key, Config, ContextObject, EbpfVm},
 };
 
 /// Virtual memory operation helper.
diff --git a/src/jit.rs b/src/jit.rs
index 76d11646..c68bb8b6 100644
--- a/src/jit.rs
+++ b/src/jit.rs
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ use std::{fmt::Debug, mem, ptr};
 use crate::{
     ebpf::{self, FIRST_SCRATCH_REG, FRAME_PTR_REG, INSN_SIZE, SCRATCH_REGS, STACK_PTR_REG},
     elf::Executable,
-    error::EbpfError,
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
     memory_management::{
         allocate_pages, free_pages, get_system_page_size, protect_pages, round_to_page_size,
     },
     memory_region::{AccessType, MemoryMapping},
-    vm::{get_runtime_environment_key, Config, ContextObject, EbpfVm, ProgramResult},
+    vm::{get_runtime_environment_key, Config, ContextObject, EbpfVm},
     x86::*,
 };
 
diff --git a/src/memory_region.rs b/src/memory_region.rs
index 9f519f2d..260596cc 100644
--- a/src/memory_region.rs
+++ b/src/memory_region.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 use crate::{
     aligned_memory::Pod,
     ebpf,
-    error::EbpfError,
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
     program::SBPFVersion,
-    vm::{Config, ProgramResult},
+    vm::Config,
 };
 use std::{
     array,
diff --git a/src/program.rs b/src/program.rs
index 05bc0a68..279d4ea2 100644
--- a/src/program.rs
+++ b/src/program.rs
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ macro_rules! declare_builtin_function {
                 if config.enable_instruction_meter {
                     vm.context_object_pointer.consume(vm.previous_instruction_meter - vm.due_insn_count);
                 }
-                let converted_result: $crate::vm::ProgramResult = Self::rust(
+                let converted_result: $crate::error::ProgramResult = Self::rust(
                     vm.context_object_pointer, $arg_a, $arg_b, $arg_c, $arg_d, $arg_e, &mut vm.memory_mapping,
                 ).into();
                 vm.program_result = converted_result;
diff --git a/src/vm.rs b/src/vm.rs
index 069347a5..eba59184 100644
--- a/src/vm.rs
+++ b/src/vm.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use crate::{
     ebpf,
     elf::Executable,
-    error::EbpfError,
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
     interpreter::Interpreter,
     memory_region::MemoryMapping,
     program::{BuiltinProgram, FunctionRegistry, SBPFVersion},
@@ -36,99 +36,6 @@ pub fn get_runtime_environment_key() -> i32 {
         .get_or_init(|| rand::thread_rng().gen::<i32>() >> PROGRAM_ENVIRONMENT_KEY_SHIFT)
 }
 
-/// Same as `Result` but provides a stable memory layout
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[repr(C, u64)]
-pub enum StableResult<T, E> {
-    /// Success
-    Ok(T),
-    /// Failure
-    Err(E),
-}
-
-impl<T: Debug, E: Debug> StableResult<T, E> {
-    /// `true` if `Ok`
-    pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(_) => true,
-            Self::Err(_) => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// `true` if `Err`
-    pub fn is_err(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(_) => false,
-            Self::Err(_) => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the inner value if `Ok`, panics otherwise
-    pub fn unwrap(self) -> T {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(value) => value,
-            Self::Err(error) => panic!("unwrap {:?}", error),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the inner error if `Err`, panics otherwise
-    pub fn unwrap_err(self) -> E {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(value) => panic!("unwrap_err {:?}", value),
-            Self::Err(error) => error,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Maps ok values, leaving error values untouched
-    pub fn map<U, O: FnOnce(T) -> U>(self, op: O) -> StableResult<U, E> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(value) => StableResult::<U, E>::Ok(op(value)),
-            Self::Err(error) => StableResult::<U, E>::Err(error),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Maps error values, leaving ok values untouched
-    pub fn map_err<F, O: FnOnce(E) -> F>(self, op: O) -> StableResult<T, F> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ok(value) => StableResult::<T, F>::Ok(value),
-            Self::Err(error) => StableResult::<T, F>::Err(op(error)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(
-            not(feature = "jit"),
-            target_os = "windows",
-            not(target_arch = "x86_64")
-        ),
-        allow(dead_code)
-    )]
-    pub(crate) fn discriminant(&self) -> u64 {
-        unsafe { *(self as *const _ as *const u64) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, E> From<StableResult<T, E>> for Result<T, E> {
-    fn from(result: StableResult<T, E>) -> Self {
-        match result {
-            StableResult::Ok(value) => Ok(value),
-            StableResult::Err(value) => Err(value),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, E> From<Result<T, E>> for StableResult<T, E> {
-    fn from(result: Result<T, E>) -> Self {
-        match result {
-            Ok(value) => Self::Ok(value),
-            Err(value) => Self::Err(value),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Return value of programs and syscalls
-pub type ProgramResult = StableResult<u64, EbpfError>;
-
 /// VM configuration settings
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Config {
diff --git a/tests/execution.rs b/tests/execution.rs
index 92cb0762..769b111f 100644
--- a/tests/execution.rs
+++ b/tests/execution.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ use solana_rbpf::{
     assembler::assemble,
     declare_builtin_function, ebpf,
     elf::Executable,
-    error::EbpfError,
+    error::{EbpfError, ProgramResult},
     memory_region::{AccessType, MemoryMapping, MemoryRegion},
     program::{BuiltinFunction, BuiltinProgram, FunctionRegistry, SBPFVersion},
     static_analysis::Analysis,
     syscalls,
     verifier::RequisiteVerifier,
-    vm::{Config, ContextObject, ProgramResult, TestContextObject},
+    vm::{Config, ContextObject, TestContextObject},
 };
 use std::{fs::File, io::Read, sync::Arc};
 use test_utils::{