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format.txt
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format.txt
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Format parameters
=================
Note: This file will be soon removed from the abcm2ps distribution.
==== The format parameters documentation is now online:
http://moinejf.free.fr/abcm2ps-doc/index.html
The general layout of the printed scores may be changed in many ways.
For example, when running the program, one or more format files may
be specified as program arguments using the command line option -F
(see the file options.txt).
A format file contains a sequence of lines where empty and lines
beginning with a '%' are ignored.
Each line contains a pair consisting of the parameter name
(without the "%%") and the associated value(s).
Alternatively one or more format parameters may be specified directly
as run time argument pairs using the following syntax.
The first argument is the format parameter name preceded by two dashes
(eg. --vocalfont) and the second argument is the new value.
If the value contains spaces, it should be enclosed by quotes when
the program is run from a shell. For example, the following
command will run abcm2ps on the file myfile.abc changing the format
parameter vocalfont to 'Arial 13'.
abcm2ps --vocalfont 'Arial 13' myfile.abc
Format parameters may be specified inside an ABC tune in one of two
ways. Pseudo-comments are specified by beginning a line with '%%'.
The syntax is simply:
%%parameter_name new_value
Alternatively, a parameter change may be indicated inside the body of
the tune using the I: information field. For example:
CDEF | [I:annotationfont Arial 13] "^bla" GABc |
The keyword "lock" may appear at the end of a parameter value.
After such a keyword has been found, the parameter will not be changed
anymore unless "lock" appears again.
It is implicitly appended in the command line arguments so that these
parameters take precedence and override any other changes.
example:
abcm2ps --vocalfont 'Arial 13' myfile.abc
in myfile.abc:
%%vocalfont Times-Roman * % <- ignored
%%vocalfont Helvetica * lock % <- vocalfont = 'Helvetica 13'
Scope
-----
This section describes the meaning of the 'Scope:' found in the following
command descriptions. This concept is tied to the way the music is
generated.
All the commands appearing in the program arguments (including those in
format files) are inserted as pseudo-comments at the head of the ABC file
to be processed. Then, the whole source is parsed. The music is generated
as ABC music elements are processed, but it is not directly written to the
output file. Instead, it is buffered until some event occurs. This may be
either the end of a tune, the end of a page (page full, %%newpage or new tune
with %%splittune), or some specific music element or command (see 'restart'
below). At this moment, if the output file was still empty, the global output
parameters are written (PostScript global definitions), and then the buffered
music is written.
Here are the possible values of 'Scope:':
- 'page'
Each output page has specific information (dimensions,
header/footer, ...) which needs to be known at the time a new page
is opened in the output file. As the exact moment of writing
the buffered music may not be known, the commands of scope 'page'
should be set near the beginning of the ABC file or at least
immediately after a 'newpage' command is issued.
- 'tune'
Commands with the scope 'tune' have to do with the tune headers
(title, composer, tempo...) and footers (lyrics after tune and
notes).
They behave either globally or locally depending on their placement.
When they appear outside a tune, they apply to the tunes which are
yet to be processed. The parameter values are said to be 'global'.
When they appear inside a tune, they apply locally to only this
tune, the remaining tunes assume the global values again.
In this case, since the exact write moment is not known, such
commands should appear in the tune header or immediately after
the first K:.
- 'generation'
As explained above, the generation of the music is done element
by element, independently of the buffering and file output.
It starts at the beginning of a tune and stops naturally at the end
of this tune, but it may be interrupted and restarted when
encountering some specific information field (T: only) or command
(see 'restart' below).
The commands with a scope 'generation' are globally applied to each
generation sequence (between start and stop). In other words, when
a parameter is changed many times in a generation sequence, only the
last value is used. This value remains for the next generation
phases. They have the same global and local behaviour as the 'tune'
commands, i.e. when starting the generation a new tune, all
parameters have the global value.
- 'immediate'
Such commands are executed as they are found in the source file.
Their effects are immediate and apply to the next music elements.
Some of them may do a generation restart (see 'restart' below).
- 'voice'
Commands with this scope may appear only inside tunes and apply
to the current voice only. Their main scope type may be
'generation' or 'immediate'. There is no associated global value.
- 'restart'
This information indicates that the execution of the command
is preceded by a stop of the generation (see 'generation' above)..
Common value types
------------------
A <boolean> value may be:
- 'true', 'yes', '1' or (empty)
- 'false', 'no' or '0'
Only the first character is checked.
<int> is a whole number, usually positive.
<encoding> may be either 'native' or any other string in which case
'utf-8' is assumed (default value).
It is used only for PostScript output without pango.
When the <encoding> is not 'native', the utf-8 characters are replaced by
the name of their glyphs as they appear in the font files. This is done
thanks to an internal table which contains the ASCII and most Latin
characters. This table may be extended by the command %%glyph to handle more
characters (see the addition of '...' ellipsis - in the file sample.abc).
<float> is a number which may have a decimal point number (eg. 0.5).
<size> is used in font definitions. It is expressed in graphic points
(see <unit>).
<unit> is a dimension of which the unit is defined by the suffix:
- 'pt' or no suffix: graphic points,
- 'in': inches, or
- 'cm': centimeters.
The height of a 5 lines staff is always 24pt.
<font>, <encoding> and <size> appear in font definitions.
They may be specified as '*' (asterisk), in which case their values
remain unchanged.
<encoding> may be omitted, in which case its value defaults to 'utf-8'
for the first declaration of the font or it remains unchanged.
When <size> is omitted, it remains unchanged.
Examples:
%%vocalfont Arial 12 % Arial utf-8 12pt
%%vocalfont Times-Roman % Times-Roman utf-8 12pt
%%vocalfont * 13 % Times-Roman utf-8 13pt
%%vocalfont UKaiCN-UTF8-H native % UKaiCN-UTF8-H native 13pt
List of the format parameters
-----------------------------
abc2pscompat <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Handle old abc2ps tunes.
When set, 'M' becomes the !tenuto! decoration and a pitch
translation may be done for the bass and alto clefs
(respectively, 2 and 1 octaves down).
It is preferable to rewrite the old tunes to comply with
the current standard rather than using this parameter.
For example, you could include in the tune,
U: M = !tenuto!
and/or:
K:C clef=bass octave=-2
and the old tune would be interpreted correctly.
abcm2ps <char> [<char>]*
Default: %
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Change the pseudo-comment prefix(es).
By default, pseudo-comments are lines starting with two percent
signs ("%%"). This command redefines a list of possible second
characters of these commands (up to 3 different characters).
This permits to avoid conflicts with pseudo-comments of other
programs and also to have a simple conditional generation.
Example 1:
%%abcm2ps *
%*voice Mib % the voices which name contains "Mib"
%*transpose -3 % are transposed a minor third lower
%*voice end
%*abcm2ps % % restore standard pseudo-comments
Example 2:
- tune.abc:
X:1
...
K:C
% % default 4 staves
%Fstaves [(S A) (T B)] % 2 staves
%Sstaves S % Soprano only
%Astaves A % Alto only
V:S
...
V:A
...
V:T
...
V:B
...
- command line:
abcm2ps --abcm2ps %A tune.abc # generate alto only
alignbars <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, restart and restart after <int> music lines
Description:
Align the bars of the next <int> music lines.
Such an alignment works only when there is only one
voice (i.e. no V:, %%staves or %%score are permitted).
aligncomposer <int>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
This parameter specifies where the composer field
is displayed.
A negative value means 'on the left', 0 means 'center',
and a positive value means 'on the right'.
annotationfont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Helvetica 12
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Set the annotation font.
autoclef <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When this parameter is false, the voices which don't contain
a 'clef=' in K: or V: use the treble clef, according to the
ABC standard.
When true, the clefs and possibly the clef changes for these
voices are determined from the note pitches and inserted
automatically.
barsperstaff <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -B<int>
Scope: generation
Description:
Try to typeset with <int> bars on each line.
beginps ["nosvg"]
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
This command introduces a PostScript sequence that
ends with '%%endps' and which will be included in the
PostScript output file.
Such a sequence cannot be greater than 128 Kb.
When the output file format is SVG (command options '-g',
'-v' or '-X'), the PostScript code is executed by the
small abcm2ps PS interpreter. Sequences which cannot
be executed (as font redefinitions) must be skipped
checking the presence of the symbol 'svg':
/svg where {pop} {
.. PostScript code which cannot be executed by abcm2ps ..
} ifelse
When the option "nosvg" is present, the sequence is not
executed on SVG output.
beginsvg
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
This command introduces a SVG sequence that ends with
'%%endsvg' and which will be included in the SVG output file.
It allows adding a CSS to the generated SVG files.
The sequence is ignored when the SVG output file has begun
to be written (for example if it is found after the first
K: information field).
begintext [<option>]
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, restart
Description:
Start printing the free text of the followng lines up to
%%endtext.
When a line of text starts with '%%', these characters are
removed.
When a sequence %%begintext .. %%endtext appears inside a
tune, blank lines must be replaced with '%%' to prevent
them from being confused with the end of the tune marker.
<option> may be:
'obeylines': keep lines as they are (default)
'align' or 'justify': justify the lines
'ragged' or 'fill': fill the lines
'center': center the lines
'skip': don't print the lines
(same as comments)
'right': align at the right side
When <option> is omitted, it defaults to the %%textoption
value.
Inside the free text, an empty line starts a new paragraph.
Page breaks (start of new pages) cannot occur in the middle
of a paragraph.
bgcolor <color>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
This parameter defines the background color of SVG images.
The <color> may be a color name (like 'white') or
a hexadecimal RGB color (like '#faf0e6').
When not set, the SVG images are transparent.
botmargin <unit>
Default: 1cm
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Set the page bottom margin.
breaklimit <float>
Default: 0.7
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
This parameter is used with 'maxshrink' to adjust the
place where automatic music line breaks may occur.
To know how many music symbols will be in a music line,
the width of each symbol is computed by:
width = minimal_space * 'maxshrink'
+ natural_space * (1 - 'maxshrink')
When the sum of all the symbol widths is greater than
(paper width - margins) * 'breaklimit'
and smaller than (paper width - margins), a line break
may occur.
The value <float> is limited between 0.5 (line breaks may
occur when the line is 50% full) and 1 (the music line is
split at the exact computed symbol).
breakoneoln <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When set, a space (beam break) is inserted after each end of
(ABC source) line.
This prevents a beam from being continued between two music
lines.
(don't confuse this parameter with %%continueall or
%%linebreak)
bstemdown <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, voice
Description:
When set, the stem of the note in the middle of the
staff goes downwards. Otherwise, it goes upwards
or downwards according to either the previous or
following note.
cancelkey <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When set, the accidentals associated with the last key
signature are cancelled using naturals prior to
introducing the new key signature.
center <line of text>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, restart
Description:
Print one line of centered text.
clef <clef_name>[<clef_line>][<octave_indication>]
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, voice
Description:
Insert a clef change.
<clef_name> may be:
treble (same as G2)
alto (same as C3)
tenor (same as C4)
bass (same as F4)
perc (same as P2)
G
C
F
P
none (to avoid clefs on the next music lines)
"<user_clef_name>" (<user_clef_name> is the name of
a PostScript function which draws the clef
glyph)
<clef_line> gives the number of the line on which the note of
the clef is defined. When omitted, it defaults according to
the clef name: line #3 for "C", line #4 for "F" and line #2
for the other clefs.
<octave_indication> is either
- "+8" or "-8", in which case a '8' is drawn above or below
the clef without octave transposition.
- "^8" or "_8", in which case a '8' is drawn above or below
the clef with octave transposition.
There should be no space in the %%clef value.
Example:
%%clef bass % same as K: clef=bass
combinevoices <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Define how notes of different voices in a same staff
may be combined.
<int> may be:
- < 0: the voices are displayed as written
- 0: the rests of same duration are displayed
as one rest
- 1: the notes of same duration are combined
to chords except when there could be
a second, a unison or a voice inversion
- > 1: the notes of same duration are always combined
to chords
composerfont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Times-Italic 14
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Set the composer font.
composerspace <unit>
Default: 0.2cm
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Set the vertical space above the composer.
contbarnb <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
If not set, the bar number of the second repeat(s) is reset to
the number of the first repeat.
If set, the bars are sequentially numbered.
continueall <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -c
Scope: generation
Description:
When true, all line breaks of the tune are ignored.
This parameter is deprecated in favour of '%%linebreak <none>'
plus 'linewarn 0'.
custos <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When set, a custos is added at the end of each music line.
This parameter works with single voice tunes only.
dateformat <text>
Default: "%b %e, %Y %H:%M"
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Define the format of the date and time.
The possible values of this parameter are described in the
manual pages of date(1) and strftime(3).
Note: the '%'s must be escaped as '\%' if the is not enclosed
in double quotes (otherwise it is taken as the start of a
comment).
deco <name> <c_func> <ps_func> <h> <wl> <wr> [<str>]
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Define a decoration.
This command assumes a good knowledge of the abcm2ps internals.
The arguments are:
<name>: name of the decoration. If it is the name of an
existing decoration, this one is redefined.
<c_func>: index of a C function (defined in deco.c).
The possible values are:
0, 1, 2: the decoration goes near the note, possibly
inside the staff.
0: 'dot' and 'tenuto'
1: 'slide'
2: 'arpeggio'
3, 4, 5: the decoration goes near the note but outside
the staff. It is usually printed above
the staff.
3: general
4: below the staff
5: long 'trill' (with start and stop)
6, 7: the decoration is tied to the staff (dynamic
marks). It is generally printed below
the staff.
6: general
7: long dynamic (with start and stop)
<ps_func>: postscript function name or '-' for the start
of a long decoration.
<h>: decoration height.
It is the minimum height for +arpeggio+.
<wl> and <wr>: left and right widths.
These values are actually used for general dynamic
marks only.
<str>: text to display (for some postscript functions
- see code).
The decorations, which names begin with 'head-', prevent the
note head(s) to be drawn.
See deco.abc for examples.
decoration <character>
Default: !
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Define the decoration separator.
It may be set only to '!' (default) or '+' (for compatibility
with the ABC standard 2.0).
dblrepbar <bar>
Default: :][:
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Define how the double repeat bars (::, :|: :||:) are drawn.
dynalign <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When true, the dynamic marks are horizontally aligned.
dynamic <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, voice
Description:
Set the position of the dynamic informations (crescendo,
diminuendo..).
<int> may be:
0 or 'auto' for automatic position (it depends on
the presence and position of lyrics)
1 or 'above' above the staff
2 or 'below' below the staff
3 or 'hidden' don't print
When this parameter appears outside a tune or inside a tune
header, it applies to all voices. When it appears inside
a tune body, it applies to the current voice only.
EPS <eps_file>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -f
Scope: immediate, restart
Description:
Include the file <eps_file> (Encapsulated PostScript).
The file content is left or right aligned, or centered
according to the current value of '%%textoption'.
flatbeams <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -f
Scope: generation
Description:
Draw flat beams.
font <font> [[<encoding>] <scale>]
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Define a font and its encoding.
This parameter is required with PostScript output when
specific fonts are defined later in ABC files/tunes.
<scale> is the width factor to apply to the Time-Roman
character width. It is needed to adjust the string width
when the computation using the default scale gives
erroneous values:
- if the strings collide with other elements,
set <scale> to a value lower than 1.0.
- if there is too much space between elements
because of the strings, set it to a value
greater than 1.0.
Note that the <scale> is not applied immediately: it will
used only in further font assignment.
footer <text>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Specify the text to be printed at the bottom of each page.
There may be one or two lines in the footer.
To specify 2 lines, put the 2 characters "\n" (not
a real 'newline') as a separator in the command.
In each line, 3 areas may be defined: left, center and
right.
These areas are separated by tabulations (real TABs,
not "\t") and may be empty (if the left area is empty,
double quote the string - see sample3.abc for example).
The prefix '$' introduces variable substitution:
- '$d' is the date and time of the last modification
of the current ABC input file,
- '$D' is the current date and time,
- '$F' is the current input file name,
- '$Ix' is any header information type ('x' is a
letter range 'A' to 'Z').
- '$P' is the current page number,
- '$P0' and '$P1' are also the page number, but apply
only to the even ('0') or odd ('1') page numbers,
- '$T' is the current tune title,
- '$V' is 'abcm2ps-' followed by the program version.
For example, the command line option '-N3' is the same
as:
%%header "$P0 $P1"
(note the 2 TABs).
If the footer (or header) begins with '-' (hyphen/minus),
it is not printed on the first page.
footerfont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Times-Roman 12
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Set the footer font.
Note that the footer is not scaled.
format <filename>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Load the format (or PostScript) file <filename>.
When found in the command line, this parameter is
equivalent to '-F'.
gchord <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, voice
Description:
Set the position of the guitar chords.
<int> may be:
0 or 'auto' for automatic position (usually
above the staff)
1 or 'above' above the staff
2 or 'below' below the staff
3 or 'hidden' don't print
When this parameter appears outside a tune or inside a tune
header, it applies to all voices. When inside a tune body,
it applies to the current voice only.
gchordbox <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Draw a box around the guitar chords.
This value may be set to 'true' by the option "box"
in %%gchordfont.
gchordfont <font> [<encoding>] <size> ["box"]
Default: Helvetica 12
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Set the guitar chord font.
If "box" is present, a box is drawn around the guitar chords.
glyph <unicode> <glyph_name>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Set the name of a unicode glyph.
This command is useful for PostScript output without pango.
<unicode> is a hexadecimal value, and <name> is the name of
the associated glyph in the font files.
graceslurs <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: -G
Scope: generation
Description:
Draw slurs on grace notes.
gracespace <float> <float> <float>
Default: 6.5 8.0 12.0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Define the space before, inside and after the grace notes.
gstemdir <int>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate, voice
Description:
Set the direction of the stems of the grace notes.
<int> may be:
0 or 'auto' for automatic position
1 or 'up' stem up
2 or 'down' stem down
3 or 'opposite' opposite direction of the next note
When this parameter appears outside a tune or inside a tune
header, it applies to all voices. When inside a tune body,
it applies to the current voice only.
header <text>
Default: none
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Set the text printed at the top of each page.
See 'footer' above for the header syntax.
headerfont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Times-Roman 12
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: page
Description:
Set the header font.
Note that the header is not scaled by %%scale.
historyfont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Times-Roman 16
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Set the history font.
hyphencont <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
If set, when a word of lyric under staff ends with a hyphen,
put a hyphen in the next line.
indent <unit>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -I<unit>
Scope: tune
Description:
Indent the first line of the tune by <unit>.
infofont <font> [<encoding>] [<size>]
Default: Times-Italic 14
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Set the infoline font.
infoline <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Display the rhythm (R:) and area (A:) on a same line
before the first music line:
Rhythm (Area)
infoname <uppercase letter> [<information name>]
Default:
R "Rhythm: "
B "Book: "
S "Source: "
D "Discography: "
N "Notes: "
Z "Transcription: "
H "History: "
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Define the name of the information fields which may be
printed after the tunes.
Note: For being printed, a field must be set to 'on' in a
%%writefields parameter and have an information name.
When <information name> is not present, the field name is
removed. This is usefull to change the field order.
Examples:
%%infoname G "Group: " % display the group
%%writefields G 1
%%infoname N % notes after the other fields
%%infoname N "Notes: "
infospace <unit>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: tune
Description:
Set the vertical space above the infoline.
keywarn <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When set, if a key signature change occurs at the
beginning of a music line, a cautionary key signature
is added at the end of the previous line.
landscape <bool>
Default: 0
Compilation: none
Command line: -l
Scope: page
Description:
Set the page orientation to landscape.
leftmargin <unit>
Default: 1.8cm
Compilation: none
Command line: -m<unit>
Scope: page, restart
Description:
Set the page left margin.
linebreak <list of linebreak separators>
Default: <EOL>
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: immediate
Description:
Define the character(s) which break(s) the music lines.
The <list of linebreak separators> is a blank separated
list of none, one or more of:
<EOL> (End Of Line of any system)
$
!
<none>
For compatibility, when <EOL> is in the list, the character
'!' does a linebreak if it does not introduce a decoration.
If the value '<none>' occurs alone or if the list is empty,
the program computes the linebreaks automatically. This
replaces the deprecated '%%continueall 1'.
lineskipfac <float>
Default: 1.1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Set the factor for spacing between lines of text.
linewarn <bool>
Default: 1
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
When set, raise a warning when there are too few or
too many elements in a music line.
maxshrink <float>
Default: 0.65
Compilation: none
Command line: -a<float>
Scope: generation
Description:
Set how much to compress horizontally when music line breaks
are automatic.
<float> must be between 0 (natural spacing)
and 1 (max shrinking).
maxstaffsep <unit>
Default: 2000pt
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Set the maximum staff system separation.
maxsysstaffsep <unit>
Default: 2000pt
Compilation: none
Command line: none
Scope: generation
Description:
Set the maximum staves separation inside a system.
This values applies to all staves when global or in
the tune header. Otherwise, it defines the maximum
vertical offset of the next staff.