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LoRa API

Include Library

#include <LoRa.h>

Setup

Begin

Initialize the library with the specified frequency.

LoRa.begin(frequency);
  • frequency - frequency in Hz (433E6, 868E6, 915E6)

Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

Set pins

Override the default NSS, NRESET, and DIO0 pins used by the library. Must be called before LoRa.begin().

LoRa.setPins(ss, reset, dio0);
  • ss - new slave select pin to use, defaults to 10
  • reset - new reset pin to use, defaults to 9
  • dio0 - new DIO0 pin to use, defaults to 2. Must be interrupt capable via attachInterrupt(...).

This call is optional and only needs to be used if you need to change the default pins used.

No MCU controlled reset pin

To save further pins one could connect the reset pin of the MCU with reset pin of the radio thus resetting only during startup.

  • reset - set to -1 to omit this pin

Pin dio0 interrupt callbacks

The dio0 pin can be used for channel activity detection callback, transmission finish callback and/or receiving callback, check onCadDone , onTxDone, and onReceive.

Set SPI interface

Override the default SPI interface used by the library. Must be called before LoRa.begin().

LoRa.setSPI(spi);
  • spi - new SPI interface to use, defaults to SPI

This call is optional and only needs to be used if you need to change the default SPI interface used, in the case your Arduino (or compatible) board has more than one SPI interface present.

Set SPI Frequency

Override the default SPI frequency of 10 MHz used by the library. Must be called before LoRa.begin().

LoRa.setSPIFrequency(frequency);
  • frequency - new SPI frequency to use, defaults to 8E6

This call is optional and only needs to be used if you need to change the default SPI frequency used. Some logic level converters cannot support high speeds such as 8 MHz, so a lower SPI frequency can be selected with LoRa.setSPIFrequency(frequency).

End

Stop the library

LoRa.end()

Sending data

Begin packet

Start the sequence of sending a packet.

LoRa.beginPacket();

LoRa.beginPacket(implicitHeader);
  • implicitHeader - (optional) true enables implicit header mode, false enables explicit header mode (default)

Returns 1 if radio is ready to transmit, 0 if busy or on failure.

Writing

Write data to the packet. Each packet can contain up to 255 bytes.

LoRa.write(byte);

LoRa.write(buffer, length);
  • byte - single byte to write to packet

or

  • buffer - data to write to packet
  • length - size of data to write

Returns the number of bytes written.

Note: Other Arduino Print API's can also be used to write data into the packet

End packet

End the sequence of sending a packet.

LoRa.endPacket();

LoRa.endPacket(async);
  • async - (optional) true enables non-blocking mode, false waits for transmission to be completed (default)

Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

Tx Done

WARNING: TxDone callback uses the interrupt pin on the dio0 check setPins function!

Register callback

Register a callback function for when a packet transmission finish.

LoRa.onTxDone(onTxDone);

void onTxDone() {
 // ...
}
  • onTxDone - function to call when a packet transmission finish.

Receiving data

Parsing packet

Check if a packet has been received.

int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket();

int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket(size);
  • size - (optional) if > 0 implicit header mode is enabled with the expected a packet of size bytes, default mode is explicit header mode

Returns the packet size in bytes or 0 if no packet was received.

Continuous receive mode

WARNING: Receive callback uses the interrupt pin on the dio0, check setPins function!

Register callback

Register a callback function for when a packet is received.

LoRa.onReceive(onReceive);

void onReceive(int packetSize) {
 // ...
}
  • onReceive - function to call when a packet is received.

Receive mode

Puts the radio in continuous receive mode.

LoRa.receive();

LoRa.receive(int size);
  • size - (optional) if > 0 implicit header mode is enabled with the expected a packet of size bytes, default mode is explicit header mode

The onReceive callback will be called when a packet is received.

Packet RSSI

int rssi = LoRa.packetRssi();

Returns the averaged RSSI of the last received packet (dBm).

Packet SNR

float snr = LoRa.packetSnr();

Returns the estimated SNR of the received packet in dB.

RSSI

int rssi = LoRa.rssi();

Returns the current RSSI of the radio (dBm). RSSI can be read at any time (during packet reception or not)

Packet Frequency Error

long freqErr = LoRa.packetFrequencyError();

Returns the frequency error of the received packet in Hz. The frequency error is the frequency offset between the receiver centre frequency and that of an incoming LoRa signal.

Available

int availableBytes = LoRa.available()

Returns number of bytes available for reading.

Peeking

Peek at the next byte in the packet.

byte b = LoRa.peek();

Returns the next byte in the packet or -1 if no bytes are available.

Reading

Read the next byte from the packet.

byte b = LoRa.read();

Returns the next byte in the packet or -1 if no bytes are available.

Note: Other Arduino Stream API's can also be used to read data from the packet

Channel Activity Detection

WARNING: Channel activity detection callback uses the interrupt pin on the dio0, check setPins function!

Register callback

Register a callback function for when channel activity detection has done.

LoRa.onCadDone(onCadDone);

void onCadDone(boolean signalDetected) {
  // ...
}
  • onCadDone - function to call when channel activity detection has done.
  • signalDetected - if true, the radio detects the presence of other LoRa signals.

Channel Activity detection mode

Puts the radio in channel activity detection mode.

LoRa.channelActivityDetection();

Other radio modes

Idle mode

Put the radio in idle (standby) mode.

LoRa.idle();

Sleep mode

Put the radio in sleep mode.

LoRa.sleep();

Radio parameters

TX Power

Change the TX power of the radio.

LoRa.setTxPower(txPower);

LoRa.setTxPower(txPower, outputPin);
  • txPower - TX power in dB, defaults to 17
  • outputPin - (optional) PA output pin, supported values are PA_OUTPUT_RFO_PIN and PA_OUTPUT_PA_BOOST_PIN, defaults to PA_OUTPUT_PA_BOOST_PIN.

Supported values are 2 to 20 for PA_OUTPUT_PA_BOOST_PIN, and 0 to 14 for PA_OUTPUT_RFO_PIN.

Most modules have the PA output pin connected to PA BOOST,

Frequency

Change the frequency of the radio.

LoRa.setFrequency(frequency);
  • frequency - frequency in Hz (433E6, 868E6, 915E6)

Spreading Factor

Change the spreading factor of the radio.

LoRa.setSpreadingFactor(spreadingFactor);
  • spreadingFactor - spreading factor, defaults to 7

Supported values are between 6 and 12. If a spreading factor of 6 is set, implicit header mode must be used to transmit and receive packets.

Signal Bandwidth

Change the signal bandwidth of the radio.

LoRa.setSignalBandwidth(signalBandwidth);
  • signalBandwidth - signal bandwidth in Hz, defaults to 125E3.

Supported values are 7.8E3, 10.4E3, 15.6E3, 20.8E3, 31.25E3, 41.7E3, 62.5E3, 125E3, 250E3, and 500E3.

Coding Rate

Change the coding rate of the radio.

LoRa.setCodingRate4(codingRateDenominator);
  • codingRateDenominator - denominator of the coding rate, defaults to 5

Supported values are between 5 and 8, these correspond to coding rates of 4/5 and 4/8. The coding rate numerator is fixed at 4.

Preamble Length

Change the preamble length of the radio.

LoRa.setPreambleLength(preambleLength);
  • preambleLength - preamble length in symbols, defaults to 8

Supported values are between 6 and 65535.

Sync Word

Change the sync word of the radio.

LoRa.setSyncWord(syncWord);
  • syncWord - byte value to use as the sync word, defaults to 0x12

CRC

Enable or disable CRC usage, by default a CRC is not used.

LoRa.enableCrc();

LoRa.disableCrc();

Invert IQ Signals

Enable or disable Invert the LoRa I and Q signals, by default a invertIQ is not used.

LoRa.enableInvertIQ();

LoRa.disableInvertIQ();

LNA Gain

Set LNA Gain for better RX sensitivity, by default AGC (Automatic Gain Control) is used and LNA gain is not used.

LoRa.setGain(gain);
  • gain - LNA gain

Supported values are between 0 and 6. If gain is 0, AGC will be enabled and LNA gain will not be used. Else if gain is from 1 to 6, AGC will be disabled and LNA gain will be used.

Other functions

Random

Generate a random byte, based on the Wideband RSSI measurement.

byte b = LoRa.random();

Returns random byte.