diff --git a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/S3TestingBackend.scala b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/S3TestingBackend.scala
index 3442eb6..d29159b 100644
--- a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/S3TestingBackend.scala
+++ b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/S3TestingBackend.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ trait S3TestingBackend[F[_]] {
 }
 
 object S3TestingBackend {
+
+  /** An S3 testing backend that runs in-memory using a concurrently available Map. */
   def inMemory[F[_]: Sync] =
     Ref[F].of(Map.empty[(String, String), (Map[String, String], Array[Byte])]).map { ref =>
       new S3TestingBackend[F] {
diff --git a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3ObjectOps.scala b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3ObjectOps.scala
index 50e9c63..e01ceee 100644
--- a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3ObjectOps.scala
+++ b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3ObjectOps.scala
@@ -4,18 +4,33 @@ import cats._
 import cats.implicits._
 import com.rewardsnetwork.pureaws.s3.S3ObjectOps
 
-class TestS3ObjectOps[F[_]](backend: S3TestingBackend[F])(implicit F: MonadError[F, Throwable]) extends S3ObjectOps[F] {
-  def copy(oldBucket: String, oldKey: String, newBucket: String, newKey: String): F[Unit] = {
+/** A test utility for integrating with the `S3ObjectOps` algebra.
+  *
+  * @param backend Your `S3TestingBackend`.
+  * @param failWith An optional `Throwable` that you would like all requests to fail with, to test error recovery.
+  */
+class TestS3ObjectOps[F[_]](backend: S3TestingBackend[F], failWith: Option[Throwable] = none)(implicit
+    F: MonadError[F, Throwable]
+) extends S3ObjectOps[F] {
+
+  private def doOrFail[A](fa: F[A]): F[A] = failWith match {
+    case Some(t) => F.raiseError(t)
+    case None    => fa
+  }
+
+  def copy(oldBucket: String, oldKey: String, newBucket: String, newKey: String): F[Unit] = doOrFail {
     backend.get(oldBucket, oldKey).flatMap {
       case None              => F.raiseError(new Exception("Object not found"))
       case Some((meta, obj)) => backend.put(newBucket, newKey, obj, meta)
     }
   }
 
-  def delete(bucket: String, key: String): F[Unit] =
+  def delete(bucket: String, key: String): F[Unit] = doOrFail {
     backend.delete(bucket, key)
+  }
 
-  def move(oldBucket: String, oldKey: String, newBucket: String, newKey: String): F[Unit] =
+  def move(oldBucket: String, oldKey: String, newBucket: String, newKey: String): F[Unit] = doOrFail {
     copy(oldBucket, oldKey, newBucket, newKey) >> delete(oldBucket, oldKey)
+  }
 
 }
diff --git a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Sink.scala b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Sink.scala
index 13a745a..74506e9 100644
--- a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Sink.scala
+++ b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Sink.scala
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 package com.rewardsnetwork.pureaws.s3.testing
 
 import cats.effect.Sync
+import cats.implicits._
 import com.rewardsnetwork.pureaws.s3.S3Sink
-import fs2.Pipe
+import fs2.{Pipe, Stream}
 
 /** A test utility for integrating with the `S3Sink` algebra.
   *
   * @param backend Your `S3TestingBackend`.
-  * @param emitEtag An iterator of strings for sequentially assigning eTags.
+  * @param failWith An optional `Throwable` that you would like all requests to fail with, to test error recovery.
+  * @param emitEtag An iterator of strings for sequentially assigning eTags. Defaults to the sequence 0, 1, 2... as strings.
   */
 class TestS3Sink[F[_]: Sync](
     backend: S3TestingBackend[F],
+    failWith: Option[Throwable] = none,
     emitEtag: Iterator[String] = Iterator.from(0).map(_.toString)
 ) extends S3Sink[F] {
 
-  def writeText(bucket: String, key: String): Pipe[F, Byte, String] = { s =>
+  private def doOrFail[A](pipe: Pipe[F, Byte, String]): Pipe[F, Byte, String] = failWith match {
+    case Some(t) => _ >> Stream.raiseError[F](t)
+    case None    => pipe
+  }
+
+  def writeText(bucket: String, key: String): Pipe[F, Byte, String] = doOrFail { s =>
     s.chunkAll.map(_.toByteBuffer.array).evalMap(backend.put(bucket, key, _)).as(emitEtag.next())
   }
 
diff --git a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Source.scala b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Source.scala
index af00be4..00cece4 100644
--- a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Source.scala
+++ b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestS3Source.scala
@@ -6,23 +6,42 @@ import cats.implicits._
 import com.rewardsnetwork.pureaws.s3.S3Source
 import fs2.Stream
 
-class TestS3Source[F[_]: Sync](backend: S3TestingBackend[F]) extends S3Source[F] {
-  def readObject(bucket: String, key: String): Stream[F, Byte] =
+/** A test utility for integrating with the `S3Source` algebra.
+  *
+  * @param backend Your `S3TestingBackend`.
+  * @param failWith An optional `Throwable` that you would like all requests to fail with, to test error recovery.
+  */
+class TestS3Source[F[_]: Sync](backend: S3TestingBackend[F], failWith: Option[Throwable] = none) extends S3Source[F] {
+  private def doOrFail[A](fa: F[A]): F[A] = failWith match {
+    case Some(t) => Sync[F].raiseError(t)
+    case None    => fa
+  }
+
+  private def doOrFailStream[A](fa: Stream[F, A]): Stream[F, A] = failWith match {
+    case Some(t) => Stream.raiseError[F](t)
+    case None    => fa
+  }
+
+  def readObject(bucket: String, key: String): Stream[F, Byte] = doOrFailStream {
     Stream.eval(readObjectWithMetadata(bucket, key)).flatMap(_._2)
+  }
 
-  def readWholeObject(bucket: String, key: String)(implicit F: Applicative[F]): F[Array[Byte]] =
+  def readWholeObject(bucket: String, key: String)(implicit F: Applicative[F]): F[Array[Byte]] = doOrFail {
     readObject(bucket, key).compile.to(Array)
+  }
 
   def readObjectWithMetadata(bucket: String, key: String)(implicit
       F: Applicative[F]
-  ): F[(Map[String, String], Stream[F, Byte])] =
+  ): F[(Map[String, String], Stream[F, Byte])] = doOrFail {
     backend.get(bucket, key).flatMap {
       case Some((meta, payload)) => (meta -> Stream.emits(payload.toList).covary[F]).pure[F]
       case None                  => Sync[F].raiseError(new Exception("Object not found"))
     }
+  }
 
   def readWholeObjectWithMetadata(bucket: String, key: String)(implicit
       F: Applicative[F]
-  ): F[(Map[String, String], Array[Byte])] =
+  ): F[(Map[String, String], Array[Byte])] = doOrFail {
     readObjectWithMetadata(bucket, key).flatMap { case (meta, stream) => stream.compile.to(Array).tupleLeft(meta) }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestSimpleS3Client.scala b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestSimpleS3Client.scala
index 3a332de..083be85 100644
--- a/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestSimpleS3Client.scala
+++ b/modules/s3-testing/src/main/scala/com/rewardsnetwork/pureaws/s3/testing/TestSimpleS3Client.scala
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package com.rewardsnetwork.pureaws.s3.testing
 
 import cats.effect._
+import cats.implicits._
 
-/** An amalgamation of all available S3 algebras in one client. */
+/** All available test helpers for S3 at once. */
 sealed trait TestSimpleS3Client[F[_]] {
   def ops: TestS3ObjectOps[F]
   def sink: TestS3Sink[F]
@@ -13,10 +14,13 @@ object TestSimpleS3Client {
 
   /** Constructs a `SimpleS3Client` using an existing `PureS3Client` for some `F[_]`.
     * Gives you access to all available algebras for the S3 client in one place.
+    *
+    * @param backend Your `S3TestingBackend`.
+    * @param failWith An optional `Throwable` that you would like all requests to fail with, to test error recovery.
     */
-  def apply[F[_]: Sync](backend: S3TestingBackend[F]) = new TestSimpleS3Client[F] {
-    val ops = new TestS3ObjectOps(backend)
-    val sink = new TestS3Sink(backend)
-    val source = new TestS3Source(backend)
+  def apply[F[_]: Sync](backend: S3TestingBackend[F], failWith: Option[Throwable] = none) = new TestSimpleS3Client[F] {
+    val ops = new TestS3ObjectOps(backend, failWith)
+    val sink = new TestS3Sink(backend, failWith)
+    val source = new TestS3Source(backend, failWith)
   }
 }