diff --git a/boot-mongodb-elasticsearch/src/test/java/com/example/mongoes/elasticsearch/repository/RestaurantESRepositoryIntegrationTest.java b/boot-mongodb-elasticsearch/src/test/java/com/example/mongoes/elasticsearch/repository/RestaurantESRepositoryIntegrationTest.java
index 8013d2999..83cda7ddd 100644
--- a/boot-mongodb-elasticsearch/src/test/java/com/example/mongoes/elasticsearch/repository/RestaurantESRepositoryIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/boot-mongodb-elasticsearch/src/test/java/com/example/mongoes/elasticsearch/repository/RestaurantESRepositoryIntegrationTest.java
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ void testWildcardSearch() {
         StepVerifier.create(wildcardSearchMono)
                 .consumeNextWith(
                         searchPage -> {
-                            assertThat(searchPage.getNumberOfElements()).isEqualTo(0);
-                            assertThat(searchPage.getTotalPages()).isEqualTo(0);
+                            assertThat(searchPage.getNumberOfElements()).isZero();
+                            assertThat(searchPage.getTotalPages()).isZero();
                             assertThat(searchPage.isFirst()).isTrue();
                             assertThat(searchPage.isLast()).isTrue();
                             assertThat(searchPage.isEmpty()).isTrue();
diff --git a/jpa/boot-read-replica-postgresql/src/main/java/com/example/demo/readreplica/service/ArticleService.java b/jpa/boot-read-replica-postgresql/src/main/java/com/example/demo/readreplica/service/ArticleService.java
index 70aadfeb8..921843732 100644
--- a/jpa/boot-read-replica-postgresql/src/main/java/com/example/demo/readreplica/service/ArticleService.java
+++ b/jpa/boot-read-replica-postgresql/src/main/java/com/example/demo/readreplica/service/ArticleService.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import com.example.demo.readreplica.repository.ArticleRepository;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@@ -56,6 +55,6 @@ private List<Comment> convertToComment(List<CommentDTO> commentDTOs) {
                             comment.setComment(commentDTO.comment());
                             return comment;
                         })
-                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+                .toList();
     }
 }