diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cfd47b85a..00c3966f7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -120,8 +120,7 @@ This readme and the [docs/](docs/) directory are **versioned** to match the prog
         "settings": [
             {
                 "provider": "namecheap",
-                "domain": "example.com",
-                "owner": "@",
+                "domain": "sub.example.com",
                 "password": "e5322165c1d74692bfa6d807100c0310"
             }
         ]
@@ -165,8 +164,7 @@ This readme and the [docs/](docs/) directory are **versioned** to match the prog
         "settings": [
             {
                 "provider": "namecheap",
-                "domain": "example.com",
-                "owner": "@",
+                "domain": "sub.example.com",
                 "password": "e5322165c1d74692bfa6d807100c0310"
             }
         ]
@@ -256,7 +254,7 @@ Check the documentation for your DNS provider:
 
 Note that:
 
-- you can specify multiple hosts for the same domain using a comma separated list. For example with `"owner": "@,subdomain1,subdomain2",`.
+- you can specify multiple owners/hosts for the same domain using a comma separated list. For example with `"domain": "example.com,sub.example.com,sub2.example.com",`.
 
 ### Environment variables
 
diff --git a/config.json b/config.json
index b4de97d65..d2c535157 100644
--- a/config.json
+++ b/config.json
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
         {
             "provider": "namecheap",
             "domain": "example.com",
-            "owner": "@",
             "password": "e5322165c1d74692bfa6d807100c0310"
         },
         {
@@ -13,8 +12,7 @@
         },
         {
             "provider": "godaddy",
-            "domain": "example.org",
-            "owner": "subdomain",
+            "domain": "subdomain.example.org",
             "key": "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
             "secret": "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
         },
diff --git a/docs/aliyun.md b/docs/aliyun.md
index 10a05a85e..c2adab60d 100644
--- a/docs/aliyun.md
+++ b/docs/aliyun.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "aliyun",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "access_key_id": "your access_key_id",
       "access_secret": "your access_secret",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"access_key_id"`
 - `"access_secret"`
 
diff --git a/docs/allinkl.md b/docs/allinkl.md
index 1ae896716..c26daf85f 100644
--- a/docs/allinkl.md
+++ b/docs/allinkl.md
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "allinkl",
-      "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "sub",
+      "domain": "sub.domain.com",
       "username": "dynXXXXXXX",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"` username (usually starts with dyn followed by numbers)
 - `"password"` password in plain text
 
diff --git a/docs/changeip.md b/docs/changeip.md
index cee17b2ca..ec05cea01 100644
--- a/docs/changeip.md
+++ b/docs/changeip.md
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "changeip",
-      "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "sub",
+      "domain": "sub.domain.com",
       "username": "dynXXXXXXX",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/cloudflare.md b/docs/cloudflare.md
index fc5429cb8..50c3a7782 100644
--- a/docs/cloudflare.md
+++ b/docs/cloudflare.md
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
       "provider": "cloudflare",
       "zone_identifier": "some id",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "ttl": 600,
       "token": "yourtoken",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
 - `"zone_identifier"` is the Zone ID of your site, from the domain overview page written as *Zone ID*
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 See [this issue comment for context](https://github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/issues/243#issuecomment-928313949). This is left as is for compatibility.
 - `"ttl"` integer value for record TTL in seconds (specify 1 for automatic)
 - One of the following ([how to find API keys](https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/get-started/)):
diff --git a/docs/custom.md b/docs/custom.md
index 2ed1b65fb..65753e13e 100644
--- a/docs/custom.md
+++ b/docs/custom.md
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ Feel free to open issues to extend its configuration options.
     {
       "provider": "custom",
       "domain": "example.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "url": "https://example.com/update?domain=example.com&host=@&username=username&client_key=client_key",
       "ipv4key": "ipv4",
       "ipv6key": "ipv6",
@@ -29,8 +28,7 @@ Feel free to open issues to extend its configuration options.
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"` is the domain name to update
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"url"` is the URL to update your records and should contain all the information EXCEPT the IP address to update
 - `"ipv4key"` is the URL query parameter name for the IPv4 address, for example `ipv4` will be added to the URL with `&ipv4=1.2.3.4`.
 - `"ipv6key"` is the URL query parameter name for the IPv6 address, for example `ipv6` will be added to the URL with `&ipv6=::aaff`. Even if you don't use IPv6, this must be set to something.
diff --git a/docs/dd24.md b/docs/dd24.md
index b4489bfa7..670455ffc 100644
--- a/docs/dd24.md
+++ b/docs/dd24.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dd24",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"password"` is your password
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/ddnss.de.md b/docs/ddnss.de.md
index f535b500b..733af4119 100644
--- a/docs/ddnss.de.md
+++ b/docs/ddnss.de.md
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
       "provider": "ddnss",
       "provider_ip": true,
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "user",
       "password": "password",
       "dual_stack": false,
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/desec.md b/docs/desec.md
index 6a01e75ba..d3939535f 100644
--- a/docs/desec.md
+++ b/docs/desec.md
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "desec",
-      "domain": "dedyn.io",
-      "owner": "sub",
+      "domain": "sub.dedyn.io",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"token"` is your token that you can create [here](https://desec.io/tokens)
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/digitalocean.md b/docs/digitalocean.md
index a995c492a..8789df939 100644
--- a/docs/digitalocean.md
+++ b/docs/digitalocean.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "digitalocean",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "token": "yourtoken",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"token"` is your token that you can create [here](https://cloud.digitalocean.com/settings/applications)
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/dnsomatic.md b/docs/dnsomatic.md
index 671f9a249..56b8e03cf 100644
--- a/docs/dnsomatic.md
+++ b/docs/dnsomatic.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dnsomatic",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "provider_ip": true,
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 - `"provider_ip"`
diff --git a/docs/dnspod.md b/docs/dnspod.md
index 2a53ec653..56f9f05b0 100644
--- a/docs/dnspod.md
+++ b/docs/dnspod.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dnspod",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "token": "yourtoken",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"token"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/dondominio.md b/docs/dondominio.md
index 2fa58c933..45714344b 100644
--- a/docs/dondominio.md
+++ b/docs/dondominio.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dondominio",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "name": "something",
       "username": "username",
       "key": "key",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"name"` is the name of the service/hosting
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
diff --git a/docs/dreamhost.md b/docs/dreamhost.md
index 2fdd0a985..4c2e035c7 100644
--- a/docs/dreamhost.md
+++ b/docs/dreamhost.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dreamhost",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "key": "key",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@
 
 ### Optional parameters
 
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"ip_version"` can be `ipv4` (A records), or `ipv6` (AAAA records) or `ipv4 or ipv6` (update one of the two, depending on the public ip found). It defaults to `ipv4 or ipv6`.
 - `"ipv6_suffix"` is the IPv6 interface identifier suffix to use. It can be for example `0:0:0:0:72ad:8fbb:a54e:bedd/64`. If left empty, it defaults to no suffix and the raw public IPv6 address obtained is used in the record updating.
 
diff --git a/docs/duckdns.md b/docs/duckdns.md
index 4a73ae5ff..7e9f71c5f 100644
--- a/docs/duckdns.md
+++ b/docs/duckdns.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "duckdns",
-      "owner": "sub",
+      "domain": "sub.duckdns.org",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be for example `"sub"` for the domain `sub.duckdns.org`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. For example, for the owner/host `sub`, it would be `sub.duckdns.org`. The [eTLD+1](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/eTLD) must be `duckdns.org`.
 - `"token"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/dyndns.md b/docs/dyndns.md
index ce86c9782..825273cb0 100644
--- a/docs/dyndns.md
+++ b/docs/dyndns.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dyn",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "client_key": "client_key",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"`
 - `"client_key"`
 
diff --git a/docs/dynu.md b/docs/dynu.md
index 49b0e17e2..ab248d24a 100644
--- a/docs/dynu.md
+++ b/docs/dynu.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dynu",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "group": "group",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"` could be plain text or password in MD5 or SHA256 format (There's also an option for setting a password for IP Update only)
 
diff --git a/docs/dynv6.md b/docs/dynv6.md
index 4cc2fd983..f454378f9 100644
--- a/docs/dynv6.md
+++ b/docs/dynv6.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "dynv6",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"token"` that you can obtain [here](https://dynv6.com/keys#token)
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/easydns.md b/docs/easydns.md
index 30409f356..323df5433 100644
--- a/docs/easydns.md
+++ b/docs/easydns.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "easydns",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"`
 - `"token"`
 
diff --git a/docs/example.md b/docs/example.md
index de14e21a9..6eec0d187 100644
--- a/docs/example.md
+++ b/docs/example.md
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "example",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/freedns.md b/docs/freedns.md
index a301b9c35..11e4a4fd3 100644
--- a/docs/freedns.md
+++ b/docs/freedns.md
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "freedns",
-      "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "sub",
+      "domain": "sub.domain.com",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"token"` is the randomized update token you use to update your record
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/gandi.md b/docs/gandi.md
index 8b8f599b2..c1207dc6c 100644
--- a/docs/gandi.md
+++ b/docs/gandi.md
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ This provider uses Gandi v5 API
     {
       "provider": "gandi",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "personal_access_token": "token",
       "ttl": 3600,
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ This provider uses Gandi v5 API
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"personal_access_token"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/gcp.md b/docs/gcp.md
index b5d9aa03d..4a782cde2 100644
--- a/docs/gcp.md
+++ b/docs/gcp.md
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
         // ...
       },
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
     }
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@
 - `"project"` is the id of your Google Cloud project
 - `"zone"` is the zone, that your DNS record is located in
 - `"credentials"` is the JSON credentials for your Google Cloud project. This is usually downloaded as a JSON file, which you can copy paste the content as the value of the `"credentials"` key. More information on how to get it is available [here](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started). Please ensure your service account has all necessary permissions to create/update/list/get DNS records within your project.
-- `"domain"` is the TLD of you DNS record (without a trailing dot)
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 
 ### Optional parameters
 
diff --git a/docs/godaddy.md b/docs/godaddy.md
index f3bf934fd..58f335a74 100644
--- a/docs/godaddy.md
+++ b/docs/godaddy.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "godaddy",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "key": "key",
       "secret": "secret",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"key"`
 - `"secret"`
 
diff --git a/docs/goip.md b/docs/goip.md
index 996c4a303..2aea662ec 100644
--- a/docs/goip.md
+++ b/docs/goip.md
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
   "settings": [
     {
       "provider": "goip",
-      "domain": "goip.de",
-      "owner": "mysubdomain",
+      "domain": "mysubdomain.goip.de",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "provider_ip": true,
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be for example `"example"` for `example.goip.de`.
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. For example, for the owner/host `sub`, it would be `sub.goip.de`. The [eTLD+1](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/eTLD) must be `goip.de` or `goip.it`.
 - `"username"` is your goip.de username listed under "Routers"
 - `"password"` is your router account password
 
diff --git a/docs/he.net.md b/docs/he.net.md
index f0eee5f9a..b4e57c8e6 100644
--- a/docs/he.net.md
+++ b/docs/he.net.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "he",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "password": "password",
       "provider_ip": true,
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com` (untested)
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard. (untested)
 - `"password"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/hetzner.md b/docs/hetzner.md
index f5368eb8d..89e247d05 100644
--- a/docs/hetzner.md
+++ b/docs/hetzner.md
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
       "provider": "hetzner",
       "zone_identifier": "some id",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "ttl": 600,
       "token": "yourtoken",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
 - `"zone_identifier"` is the Zone ID of your site, from the domain overview page written as *Zone ID*
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"ttl"` optional integer value corresponding to a number of seconds
 - One of the following ([how to find API keys](https://docs.hetzner.com/cloud/api/getting-started/generating-api-token)):
   - API Token `"token"`, configured with DNS edit permissions for your DNS name's zone
diff --git a/docs/infomaniak.md b/docs/infomaniak.md
index d62af2728..0212aff10 100644
--- a/docs/infomaniak.md
+++ b/docs/infomaniak.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "infomaniak",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"` for dyndns (**not** your infomaniak admin username!)
 - `"password"` for dyndns (**not** your infomaniak admin password!)
 
diff --git a/docs/inwx.md b/docs/inwx.md
index 84a0ef4e7..4b06b50c9 100644
--- a/docs/inwx.md
+++ b/docs/inwx.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "inwx",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/ionos.md b/docs/ionos.md
index c4d9d286f..0af79dc5d 100644
--- a/docs/ionos.md
+++ b/docs/ionos.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "ionos",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "api_key": "api_key",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"api_key"` is your API key, obtained from [creating an API key](https://www.ionos.com/help/domains/configuring-your-ip-address/set-up-dynamic-dns-with-company-name/#c181598)
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/linode.md b/docs/linode.md
index 5a791b15a..076502a2b 100644
--- a/docs/linode.md
+++ b/docs/linode.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "linode",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": ""
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"token"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/luadns.md b/docs/luadns.md
index ee1a62133..e6f97dcc7 100644
--- a/docs/luadns.md
+++ b/docs/luadns.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "luadns",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "email": "email",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"email"`
 - `"token"`
 
diff --git a/docs/name.com.md b/docs/name.com.md
index 5e14d8202..707a52a15 100644
--- a/docs/name.com.md
+++ b/docs/name.com.md
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "name.com",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "token": "token",
       "ttl": 300,
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"` is your account username
 - `"token"` which you can obtain from [www.name.com/account/settings/api](https://www.name.com/account/settings/api)
 
diff --git a/docs/namecheap.md b/docs/namecheap.md
index 52f3a734f..99c8f3e38 100644
--- a/docs/namecheap.md
+++ b/docs/namecheap.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "namecheap",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "password": "password",
       "provider_ip": true
     }
@@ -20,8 +19,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"password"`
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/netcup.md b/docs/netcup.md
index 2a7b0bf4e..e4f8687af 100644
--- a/docs/netcup.md
+++ b/docs/netcup.md
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ Also keep in mind, that TTL, Expire, Retry and Refresh values of the given Domai
     {
       "provider": "netcup",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "api_key": "xxxxx",
       "password": "yyyyy",
       "customer_number": "111111",
@@ -27,8 +26,7 @@ Also keep in mind, that TTL, Expire, Retry and Refresh values of the given Domai
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"` is your domain
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com` or `"@"` for the root of the domain. It cannot be the wildcard.
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"api_key"` is your api key (generated in the [customercontrolpanel](https://www.customercontrolpanel.de))
 - `"password"` is your api password (generated in the [customercontrolpanel](https://www.customercontrolpanel.de)). Netcup only allows one ApiPassword. This is not the account password. This password is used for all api keys.
 - `"customer_number"` is your customer number (viewable in the [customercontrolpanel](https://www.customercontrolpanel.de) next to your name). As seen in the example above, provide the number as string value.
diff --git a/docs/njalla.md b/docs/njalla.md
index 19e0f53ac..1efb67209 100644
--- a/docs/njalla.md
+++ b/docs/njalla.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "njalla",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "key": "key",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"key"` is the key for your record
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/noip.md b/docs/noip.md
index 7cfdd79a0..9c84178a0 100644
--- a/docs/noip.md
+++ b/docs/noip.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "noip",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/opendns.md b/docs/opendns.md
index 0d4dfe06b..96caa31ab 100644
--- a/docs/opendns.md
+++ b/docs/opendns.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "opendns",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"`
 - `"password"`
 
diff --git a/docs/ovh.md b/docs/ovh.md
index 5cb282b9e..d71da9d7c 100644
--- a/docs/ovh.md
+++ b/docs/ovh.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "ovh",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 
 #### Using DynHost
 
diff --git a/docs/porkbun.md b/docs/porkbun.md
index 8f9e5ddd9..bfc7118fa 100644
--- a/docs/porkbun.md
+++ b/docs/porkbun.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "porkbun",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "api_key": "sk1_7d119e3f656b00ae042980302e1425a04163c476efec1833q3cb0w54fc6f5022",
       "secret_api_key": "pk1_5299b57125c8f3cdf347d2fe0e713311ee3a1e11f11a14942b26472593e35368",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory Parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"apikey"`
 - `"secretapikey"`
 - `"ttl"` optional integer value corresponding to a number of seconds
diff --git a/docs/route53.md b/docs/route53.md
index 76e36d49d..9b4be9443 100644
--- a/docs/route53.md
+++ b/docs/route53.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "route53",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
       "access_key": "ffffffffffffffffffff",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"access_key"` is the `AWS_ACCESS_KEY`
 - `"secret_key"` is the `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`
 - `"zone_id"` is identification of your hosted zone
diff --git a/docs/selfhost.de.md b/docs/selfhost.de.md
index 71c2241b8..fa0b97bb7 100644
--- a/docs/selfhost.de.md
+++ b/docs/selfhost.de.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "selfhost.de",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "password": "password",
       "provider_ip": true,
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"username"` is your DynDNS username
 - `"password"` is your DynDNS password
 
diff --git a/docs/servercow.md b/docs/servercow.md
index 32c9ae995..3b7da48c4 100644
--- a/docs/servercow.md
+++ b/docs/servercow.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
       {
           "provider": "servercow",
           "domain": "domain.com",
-          "owner": "",
           "username": "servercow_username",
           "password": "servercow_password",
           "ttl": 600,
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"` is the username for your DNS API User
 - `"password"` is the password for your DNS API User
 
diff --git a/docs/spdyn.md b/docs/spdyn.md
index 5563c4c18..c88c35eb0 100644
--- a/docs/spdyn.md
+++ b/docs/spdyn.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "spdyn",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "user": "user",
       "password": "password",
       "token": "token",
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 
 #### Using user and password
 
diff --git a/docs/strato.md b/docs/strato.md
index 89b8ccb78..4478e7851 100644
--- a/docs/strato.md
+++ b/docs/strato.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "strato",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
       "ipv6_suffix": "",
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"password"` is your dyndns password
 
 ### Optional parameters
diff --git a/docs/variomedia.md b/docs/variomedia.md
index 17930596a..a0bb7fa83 100644
--- a/docs/variomedia.md
+++ b/docs/variomedia.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     {
       "provider": "variomedia",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "email": "email@domain.com",
       "password": "password",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain) or `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`).
 - `"email"`
 - `"password"` is your DNS settings password, not your account password ⚠️
 
diff --git a/docs/zoneedit.md b/docs/zoneedit.md
index 24d4823bd..256f3354f 100644
--- a/docs/zoneedit.md
+++ b/docs/zoneedit.md
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ set the environment variable as `PERIOD=11m` to check your public IP address and
     {
       "provider": "zoneedit",
       "domain": "domain.com",
-      "owner": "@",
       "username": "username",
       "token": "token",
       "ip_version": "ipv4",
@@ -29,8 +28,7 @@ set the environment variable as `PERIOD=11m` to check your public IP address and
 
 ### Compulsory parameters
 
-- `"domain"`
-- `"owner"` is the resource record owner and can be `"@"` for the root domain, `"*"` for the wildcard, or for example `"sub"` for the subdomain `sub.domain.com`
+- `"domain"` is the domain to update. It can be `example.com` (root domain), `sub.example.com` (subdomain of `example.com`) or `*.example.com` for the wildcard.
 - `"username"`
 - `"token"`
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 1de9a387f..168bd6535 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0
 )
 
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.17 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231110203233-9a3e6036ecaa // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
diff --git a/internal/params/json.go b/internal/params/json.go
index 24927f840..28f38b4e7 100644
--- a/internal/params/json.go
+++ b/internal/params/json.go
@@ -12,16 +12,19 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/internal/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/internal/provider/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/internal/provider/utils"
 	"github.com/qdm12/ddns-updater/pkg/publicip/ipversion"
+	"golang.org/x/net/publicsuffix"
 )
 
 type commonSettings struct {
 	Provider string `json:"provider"`
 	Domain   string `json:"domain"`
 	// Host is kept for retro-compatibility and is replaced by Owner.
-	Host       string       `json:"host,omitempty"`
-	Owner      string       `json:"owner"`
+	Host string `json:"host,omitempty"`
+	// Owner is kept for retro-compatibility and is determined from the
+	// Domain field.
+	Owner      string       `json:"owner,omitempty"`
 	IPVersion  string       `json:"ip_version"`
 	IPv6Suffix netip.Prefix `json:"ipv6_suffix,omitempty"`
 	// Retro values for warnings
@@ -155,25 +158,25 @@ func makeSettingsFromObject(common commonSettings, rawSettings json.RawMessage,
 		common.Owner = common.Host
 	}
 
-	providerName := models.Provider(common.Provider)
-	if providerName == constants.DuckDNS { // only owner(s), no domain
-		if common.Domain != "" { // retro compatibility
-			if common.Owner == "" {
-				common.Owner = strings.TrimSuffix(common.Domain, ".duckdns.org")
-				warnings = append(warnings,
-					fmt.Sprintf("DuckDNS record should have %q specified as owner instead of %q as domain",
-						common.Owner, common.Domain))
-			} else {
-				warnings = append(warnings,
-					fmt.Sprintf("ignoring domain %q because owner %q is specified for DuckDNS record",
-						common.Domain, common.Owner))
-			}
-			common.Domain = "" // duckdns enforces empty domains
+	var domain string
+	var owners []string
+	if common.Owner != "" { // retro compatibility
+		owners = strings.Split(common.Owner, ",")
+		domain = common.Domain // single domain only
+		domains := make([]string, len(owners))
+		for i, owner := range owners {
+			domains[i] = utils.BuildURLQueryHostname(owner, common.Domain)
+		}
+		warnings = append(warnings,
+			fmt.Sprintf("you can specify the owner %q directly in the domain field as %q",
+				common.Owner, strings.Join(domains, ",")))
+	} else { // extract owner(s) from domain(s)
+		domain, owners, err = extractFromDomainField(common.Domain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("extracting owners from domains: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	owners := strings.Split(common.Owner, ",")
-
 	if common.IPVersion == "" {
 		common.IPVersion = ipversion.IP4or6.String()
 	}
@@ -193,10 +196,11 @@ func makeSettingsFromObject(common commonSettings, rawSettings json.RawMessage,
 				ipv6Suffix, ipVersion))
 	}
 
+	providerName := models.Provider(common.Provider)
 	providers = make([]provider.Provider, len(owners))
 	for i, owner := range owners {
 		owner = strings.TrimSpace(owner)
-		providers[i], err = provider.New(providerName, rawSettings, common.Domain,
+		providers[i], err = provider.New(providerName, rawSettings, domain,
 			owner, ipVersion, ipv6Suffix)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, warnings, err
@@ -204,3 +208,31 @@ func makeSettingsFromObject(common commonSettings, rawSettings json.RawMessage,
 	}
 	return providers, warnings, nil
 }
+
+var (
+	ErrMultipleDomainsSpecified = errors.New("multiple domains specified")
+)
+
+func extractFromDomainField(domainField string) (domainRegistered string,
+	owners []string, err error) {
+	domains := strings.Split(domainField, ",")
+	owners = make([]string, len(domains))
+	for i, domain := range domains {
+		newDomainRegistered, err := publicsuffix.EffectiveTLDPlusOne(domain)
+		switch {
+		case err != nil:
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("extracting effective TLD+1: %w", err)
+		case domainRegistered == "":
+			domainRegistered = newDomainRegistered
+		case domainRegistered != newDomainRegistered:
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q and %q",
+				ErrMultipleDomainsSpecified, domainRegistered, newDomainRegistered)
+		}
+		if domain == domainRegistered {
+			owners[i] = "@"
+			continue
+		}
+		owners[i] = strings.TrimSuffix(domain, "."+domainRegistered)
+	}
+	return domainRegistered, owners, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/params/json_test.go b/internal/params/json_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4b8eb0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/params/json_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package params
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func Test_extractFromDomainField(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		domainField      string
+		domainRegistered string
+		owners           []string
+		errWrapped       error
+		errMessage       string
+	}{
+		"root_domain": {
+			domainField:      "example.com",
+			domainRegistered: "example.com",
+			owners:           []string{"@"},
+		},
+		"subdomain": {
+			domainField:      "abc.example.com",
+			domainRegistered: "example.com",
+			owners:           []string{"abc"},
+		},
+		"two_dots_tld": {
+			domainField:      "abc.example.co.uk",
+			domainRegistered: "example.co.uk",
+			owners:           []string{"abc"},
+		},
+		"wildcard": {
+			domainField:      "*.example.com",
+			domainRegistered: "example.com",
+			owners:           []string{"*"},
+		},
+		"multiple": {
+			domainField:      "*.example.com,example.com",
+			domainRegistered: "example.com",
+			owners:           []string{"*", "@"},
+		},
+		"different_domains": {
+			domainField: "*.example.com,abc.something.com",
+			errWrapped:  ErrMultipleDomainsSpecified,
+			errMessage:  "multiple domains specified: \"example.com\" and \"something.com\"",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			domainRegistered, owners, err := extractFromDomainField(testCase.domainField)
+
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.errWrapped)
+			if testCase.errWrapped != nil {
+				assert.EqualError(t, err, testCase.errMessage)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.domainRegistered, domainRegistered)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.owners, owners)
+		})
+	}
+}