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pyenv-virtualenv

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pyenv-virtualenv is a pyenv plugin that provides features to manage virtualenvs and conda environments for Python on UNIX-like systems.

(NOTICE: If you are an existing user of virtualenvwrapper and you love it, pyenv-virtualenvwrapper may help you (additionally) to manage your virtualenvs.)

Installation

Installing as a pyenv plugin

This will install the latest development version of pyenv-virtualenv into the $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv directory.

Important note: If you installed pyenv into a non-standard directory, make sure that you clone this repo into the 'plugins' directory of wherever you installed into.

From inside that directory you can:

  • Check out a specific release tag.
  • Get the latest development release by running git pull to download the latest changes.

  1. Check out pyenv-virtualenv into plugin directory

    git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

    For the Fish shell:

    git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git (pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

  2. (OPTIONAL) Add pyenv virtualenv-init to your shell to enable auto-activation of virtualenvs. This is entirely optional but pretty useful. See "Activate virtualenv" below.

    echo 'eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc

    Fish shell note: Add this to your ~/.config/fish/config.fish

    status --is-interactive; and pyenv virtualenv-init - | source

    Zsh note: Modify your ~/.zshrc file instead of ~/.bashrc.

  3. Restart your shell to enable pyenv-virtualenv

    exec "$SHELL"

Installing with Homebrew (for macOS users)

macOS users can install pyenv-virtualenv with the Homebrew package manager. This will give you access to the pyenv-virtualenv command. If you have pyenv installed, you will also be able to use the pyenv virtualenv command.

This is the recommended method of installation if you installed pyenv with Homebrew.

brew install pyenv-virtualenv

Or, if you would like to install the latest development release:

brew install --HEAD pyenv-virtualenv

After installation, you'll still need to do Pyenv shell setup steps then add

eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

to your shell's .rc file (as stated in the caveats). You'll only ever have to do this once.

Usage

Using pyenv virtualenv with pyenv

To create a virtualenv for the Python version used with pyenv, run pyenv virtualenv, specifying the Python version you want and the name of the virtualenv directory. For example,

pyenv virtualenv 2.7.10 my-virtual-env-2.7.10

will create a virtualenv based on Python 2.7.10 under $(pyenv root)/versions in a folder called my-virtual-env-2.7.10.

pyenv virtualenv forwards any options to the underlying command that actually creates the virtual environment (conda, virtualenv, or python -m venv). See the output of pyenv virtualenv --help for details.

Create virtualenv from current version

If there is only one argument given to pyenv virtualenv, the virtualenv will be created with the given name based on the current pyenv Python version.

$ pyenv version
3.4.3 (set by /home/yyuu/.pyenv/version)
$ pyenv virtualenv venv34

List existing virtualenvs

pyenv virtualenvs shows you the list of existing virtualenvs and conda environments.

$ pyenv shell venv34
$ pyenv virtualenvs
  miniconda3-3.9.1 (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1)
  miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1)
  2.7.10/envs/my-virtual-env-2.7.10 (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10)
  3.4.3/envs/venv34 (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/3.4.3)
  my-virtual-env-2.7.10 (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10)
* venv34 (created from /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/3.4.3)

There are two entries for each virtualenv, and the shorter one is just a symlink.

Activate virtualenv

Some external tools (e.g. jedi) might require you to activate the virtualenv and conda environments.

If eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)" is configured in your shell, pyenv-virtualenv will automatically activate/deactivate virtualenvs on entering/leaving directories which contain a .python-version file that contains the name of a valid virtual environment as shown in the output of pyenv virtualenvs (e.g., venv34 or 3.4.3/envs/venv34 in example above) . .python-version files are used by pyenv to denote local Python versions and can be created and deleted with the pyenv local command.

You can also activate and deactivate a pyenv virtualenv manually:

pyenv activate <name>
pyenv deactivate

Delete existing virtualenv

Removing the directories in $(pyenv root)/versions and $(pyenv root)/versions/{version}/envs will delete the virtualenv, or you can run:

pyenv uninstall my-virtual-env

You can also delete existing virtualenvs by using virtualenv-delete command, e.g. you can run:

pyenv virtualenv-delete my-virtual-env

This will delete virtualenv called my-virtual-env.

virtualenv and venv

There is a venv module available for CPython 3.3 and newer. It provides an executable module venv which is the successor of virtualenv and distributed by default.

pyenv-virtualenv uses python -m venv if it is available and the virtualenv command is not available.

Anaconda and Miniconda

You can manage conda environments by conda create as same manner as standard Anaconda/Miniconda installations. To use those environments, you can use pyenv activate and pyenv deactivate.

$ pyenv version
miniconda3-3.9.1 (set by /home/yyuu/.pyenv/version)
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
myenv                    /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv
root                  *  /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1
$ pyenv activate miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv
discarding /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/bin from PATH
prepending /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv/bin to PATH
$ python --version
Python 3.4.3 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.
$ pyenv deactivate
discarding /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv/bin from PATH

If conda is available, pyenv virtualenv will use it to create environment by conda create.

$ pyenv version
miniconda3-3.9.1 (set by /home/yyuu/.pyenv/version)
$ pyenv virtualenv myenv2
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
myenv                    /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv
myenv                    /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv2
root                  *  /home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1

You can use version like miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv to specify conda environment as a version in pyenv.

$ pyenv version
miniconda3-3.9.1 (set by /home/yyuu/.pyenv/version)
$ pyenv shell miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv
$ which python
/home/yyuu/.pyenv/versions/miniconda3-3.9.1/envs/myenv/bin/python

Special environment variables

You can set certain environment variables to control pyenv-virtualenv.

  • PYENV_VIRTUALENV_CACHE_PATH, if set, specifies a directory to use for caching downloaded package files.
  • VIRTUALENV_VERSION, if set, forces pyenv-virtualenv to install the desired version of virtualenv. If virtualenv has not been installed, pyenv-virtualenv will try to install the given version of virtualenv.
  • GET_PIP, if set and venv is preferred over virtualenv, use get_pip.py from the specified location.
  • GET_PIP_URL, if set and venv is preferred over virtualenv, download get_pip.py from the specified URL.
  • PIP_VERSION, if set and venv is preferred over virtualenv, install the specified version of pip.
  • PYENV_VIRTUALENV_VERBOSE_ACTIVATE, if set, shows some verbose outputs on activation and deactivation
  • PYENV_VIRTUALENV_PROMPT, if set, allows users to customize how pyenv-virtualenv modifies their shell prompt. The default prompt ("(venv)") is overwritten with any user-specified text. Specify the location of the virtual environment name with the string {venv}. For example, the default prompt string would be ({venv}).

Version History

See CHANGELOG.md.

License

(The MIT License)

  • Copyright (c) 2015 Yamashita, Yuu

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.