diff --git a/integration_tests/test_process_sandbox.py b/integration_tests/test_process_sandbox.py
index 344f6925..1b6eb776 100644
--- a/integration_tests/test_process_sandbox.py
+++ b/integration_tests/test_process_sandbox.py
@@ -8,25 +8,29 @@ class TestProcessSandbox(BaseIntegrationTest):
     original_code = """
     import subprocess
 
-    subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-    subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"])
+    cmd = " ".join(["ls"])
+
+    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
+    subprocess.run([cmd, "-l"])
     
-    subprocess.call("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-    subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"])
+    subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
+    subprocess.call([cmd, "-l"])
     
-    subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l"])
+    subprocess.check_output([cmd, "-l"])
     
+    subprocess.run("ls -l", shell=True)
+
     var = "hello"
     """
     replacement_lines = [
         (2, """from security import safe_command\n\n"""),
-        (3, """safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)\n"""),
-        (4, """safe_command.run(subprocess.run, ["ls", "-l"])\n"""),
-        (6, """safe_command.run(subprocess.call, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)\n"""),
-        (7, """safe_command.run(subprocess.call, ["ls", "-l"])\n"""),
+        (5, """safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)\n"""),
+        (6, """safe_command.run(subprocess.run, [cmd, "-l"])\n"""),
+        (8, """safe_command.run(subprocess.call, cmd, shell=True)\n"""),
+        (9, """safe_command.run(subprocess.call, [cmd, "-l"])\n"""),
     ]
-    expected_diff = '--- \n+++ \n@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@\n import subprocess\n+from security import safe_command\n \n-subprocess.run("echo \'hi\'", shell=True)\n-subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"])\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo \'hi\'", shell=True)\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.run, ["ls", "-l"])\n \n-subprocess.call("echo \'hi\'", shell=True)\n-subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"])\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.call, "echo \'hi\'", shell=True)\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.call, ["ls", "-l"])\n \n subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l"])\n \n'
-    expected_line_change = "3"
+    expected_diff = '--- \n+++ \n@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@\n import subprocess\n+from security import safe_command\n \n cmd = " ".join(["ls"])\n \n-subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)\n-subprocess.run([cmd, "-l"])\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.run, [cmd, "-l"])\n \n-subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)\n-subprocess.call([cmd, "-l"])\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.call, cmd, shell=True)\n+safe_command.run(subprocess.call, [cmd, "-l"])\n \n subprocess.check_output([cmd, "-l"])\n \n'
+    expected_line_change = "5"
     num_changes = 4
     num_changed_files = 2
     change_description = ProcessSandbox.change_description
diff --git a/src/core_codemods/process_creation_sandbox.py b/src/core_codemods/process_creation_sandbox.py
index a026f9fb..f7b53d68 100644
--- a/src/core_codemods/process_creation_sandbox.py
+++ b/src/core_codemods/process_creation_sandbox.py
@@ -27,21 +27,20 @@ class ProcessSandbox(SimpleCodemod):
         rules:
             - pattern-either:
               - patterns:
-                - pattern: subprocess.run(...)
+                - pattern: subprocess.$FUNC(...)
+                - pattern-not: subprocess.$FUNC("...", ...)
+                - pattern-not: subprocess.$FUNC(["...", ...], ...)
+                - metavariable-pattern:
+                    metavariable: $FUNC
+                    patterns:
+                    - pattern-either:
+                      - pattern: run
+                      - pattern: call
+                      - pattern: Popen
                 - pattern-inside: |
                     import subprocess
                     ...
-              - patterns:
-                - pattern: subprocess.call(...)
-                - pattern-inside: |
-                    import subprocess
-                    ...
-              - patterns:
-                - pattern: subprocess.Popen(...)
-                - pattern-inside: |
-                    import subprocess
-                    ...
-        """
+    """
 
     def on_result_found(self, original_node, updated_node):
         self.add_needed_import("security", "safe_command")
diff --git a/tests/codemods/test_process_creation_sandbox.py b/tests/codemods/test_process_creation_sandbox.py
index 9670be2d..2675932d 100644
--- a/tests/codemods/test_process_creation_sandbox.py
+++ b/tests/codemods/test_process_creation_sandbox.py
@@ -17,15 +17,17 @@ def test_import_subprocess(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         import subprocess
 
-        subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         expected = """
         import subprocess
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
@@ -34,15 +36,17 @@ def test_import_alias(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         import subprocess as sub
 
-        sub.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            sub.run(cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         expected = """
         import subprocess as sub
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(sub.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            safe_command.run(sub.run, cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
@@ -51,22 +55,25 @@ def test_from_subprocess(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         from subprocess import run
 
-        run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            run(cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         expected = """
         from subprocess import run
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        var = "hello"
+        def foo(cmd):
+            safe_command.run(run, cmd, shell=True)
+            var = "hello"
         """
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
 
     def test_subprocess_nameerror(self, _, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
-        subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
+        def foo(cmd):
+            subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
 
         import subprocess
         """
@@ -80,32 +87,36 @@ def test_subprocess_nameerror(self, _, tmpdir):
                 """
                 import subprocess
                 import csv
-                subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-                csv.excel
+                def foo(cmd):
+                    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
+                    csv.excel
                 """,
                 """
                 import subprocess
                 import csv
                 from security import safe_command
 
-                safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-                csv.excel
+                def foo(cmd):
+                    safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)
+                    csv.excel
                 """,
             ),
             (
                 """
                 import subprocess
                 from csv import excel
-                subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-                excel
+                def foo(cmd):
+                    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
+                    excel
                 """,
                 """
                 import subprocess
                 from csv import excel
                 from security import safe_command
 
-                safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-                excel
+                def foo(cmd):
+                    safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)
+                    excel
                 """,
             ),
         ],
@@ -123,24 +134,46 @@ def test_multifunctions(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         import subprocess
 
-        subprocess.run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l"])"""
+        def foo(cmd, cmd2):
+            subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)
+            subprocess.check_output([cmd2, "-l"])"""
 
         expected = """
         import subprocess
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(subprocess.run, "echo 'hi'", shell=True)
-        subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l"])"""
+        def foo(cmd, cmd2):
+            safe_command.run(subprocess.run, cmd, shell=True)
+            subprocess.check_output([cmd2, "-l"])"""
 
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["run", "Popen"])
+    def test_subprocess_imported_cmd(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir, command):
+        input_code = f"""
+        import subprocess
+        from whatever import x
+
+        subprocess.{command}([x, "-l"])
+        """
+        expected = f"""
+        import subprocess
+        from whatever import x
+        from security import safe_command
+
+        safe_command.run(subprocess.{command}, [x, "-l"])
+        """
+        self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
+        adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
+
     def test_custom_run(self, _, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         from app_funcs import run
 
-        run("echo 'hi'", shell=True)"""
+        def foo(cmd):
+            run(cmd, shell=True)
+        """
         expected = input_code
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
 
@@ -148,13 +181,15 @@ def test_subprocess_call(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         import subprocess
 
-        subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"])
+        def foo(cmd):
+            subprocess.call([cmd, "-l"])
         """
         expected = """
         import subprocess
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(subprocess.call, ["ls", "-l"])
+        def foo(cmd):
+            safe_command.run(subprocess.call, [cmd, "-l"])
         """
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
@@ -163,13 +198,58 @@ def test_subprocess_popen(self, adds_dependency, tmpdir):
         input_code = """
         import subprocess
 
-        subprocess.Popen(["ls", "-l"])
+        def foo(cmd):
+            subprocess.Popen([cmd, "-l"])
         """
         expected = """
         import subprocess
         from security import safe_command
 
-        safe_command.run(subprocess.Popen, ["ls", "-l"])
+        def foo(cmd):
+            safe_command.run(subprocess.Popen, [cmd, "-l"])
         """
         self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
         adds_dependency.assert_called_once_with(Security)
+
+    def test_hardcoded_string(self, _, tmpdir):
+        input_code = (
+            expected
+        ) = """
+        import subprocess
+
+        subprocess.Popen("ls -l", shell=True)
+        """
+        self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
+
+    def test_hardcoded_string_propagation(self, _, tmpdir):
+        input_code = (
+            expected
+        ) = """
+        import subprocess
+
+        cmd = "ls -l"
+        subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)
+        """
+        self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
+
+    def test_hardcoded_array(self, _, tmpdir):
+        input_code = (
+            expected
+        ) = """
+        import subprocess
+
+        subprocess.Popen(["ls", "-l"])
+        """
+        self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Semgrep doesn't seem to support array propagation")
+    def test_hardcoded_array_propagation(self, _, tmpdir):
+        input_code = (
+            expected
+        ) = """
+        import subprocess
+
+        cmd = ["ls", "-l"]
+        subprocess.Popen(cmd)
+        """
+        self.run_and_assert(tmpdir, input_code, expected)