diff --git a/terraform/.terraform.lock.hcl b/terraform/.terraform.lock.hcl
index aca62ed5..02433114 100644
--- a/terraform/.terraform.lock.hcl
+++ b/terraform/.terraform.lock.hcl
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/cyrilgdn/postgresql" {
   constraints = "~> 1.15"
   hashes = [
     "h1:6aDLfQNJxcpUdoQwa8k00VaNUCy8qQn1J8UsjuKY5Eo=",
+    "h1:i0ihJjt71AnT5Yh2h1kZA4su7uuyR2R92Z/zT/SI4H8=",
     "zh:17e3d204dabc116276c763bb0cd159aa315789d3b0bcd3b8aede935509960ab6",
     "zh:1a7e5ac1921afdb3b12a49714c5f446a7604bfa1eb7bd9c123d607f8cbda45e4",
     "zh:24a880623e30928ee866c84016b1db4e0458764c7a547b808e2d398e90456d42",
@@ -25,8 +26,9 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/cyrilgdn/postgresql" {
 
 provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/aws" {
   version     = "3.76.1"
-  constraints = ">= 2.0.0, >= 3.0.0, >= 3.63.0, >= 3.72.0, ~> 3.74"
+  constraints = ">= 3.63.0, >= 3.72.0, ~> 3.74"
   hashes = [
+    "h1:nrYpq9ne3FNUmjekbc0ayKE7wNu7BaMpV7oSC+qjAC4=",
     "h1:z1+WjdwuRX8Aa9a7YKXErhZ5AuvoXiDq7FHts30sZak=",
     "zh:1cf933104a641ffdb64d71a76806f4df35d19101b47e0eb02c9c36bd64bfdd2d",
     "zh:273afaf908775ade6c9d32462938e7739ee8b00a0de2ef3cdddc5bc115bb1d4f",
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/cloudinit" {
   version     = "2.3.2"
   constraints = ">= 2.0.0"
   hashes = [
+    "h1:Ar/DAbZQ9Nsj0BrqX6camrEE6U+Yq4E87DCNVqxqx8k=",
     "h1:ocyv0lvfyvzW4krenxV5CL4Jq5DiA3EUfoy8DR6zFMw=",
     "zh:2487e498736ed90f53de8f66fe2b8c05665b9f8ff1506f751c5ee227c7f457d1",
     "zh:3d8627d142942336cf65eea6eb6403692f47e9072ff3fa11c3f774a3b93130b3",
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/helm" {
   constraints = "~> 2.4"
   hashes = [
     "h1:AOp9vXIM4uT1c/PVwsWTPiLVGlO2SSYrfiirV5rjCMQ=",
+    "h1:FGGkgKf12zBjPjrD0ANq7EhywWM00PvYYw7OTdT/Kq4=",
     "zh:013857c88f3e19a4b162344e21dc51891c4ac8b600da8391f7fb2b6d234961e1",
     "zh:044fffa233a93cdcf8384afbe9e1ab6c9d0b5b176cbae56ff465eb9611302975",
     "zh:208b7cdd4fa3a1b25ae817dc00a9198ef98be0ddc3a577b5b72bc0f006afb997",
@@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/kubernetes" {
   constraints = "~> 2.7"
   hashes = [
     "h1:arTzD0XG/DswGCAx9JEttkSKe9RyyFW9W7UWcXF13dU=",
+    "h1:cMs2scNCSgQhGamomGT5Ag4i8ms/mql1AR7NJc2hmbA=",
     "zh:10488a12525ed674359585f83e3ee5e74818b5c98e033798351678b21b2f7d89",
     "zh:1102ba5ca1a595f880e67102bbf999cc8b60203272a078a5b1e896d173f3f34b",
     "zh:1347cf958ed3f3f80b3c7b3e23ddda3d6c6573a81847a8ee92b7df231c238bf6",
@@ -106,29 +111,10 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/kubernetes" {
   ]
 }
 
-provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/local" {
-  version     = "2.4.0"
-  constraints = ">= 1.3.0"
-  hashes = [
-    "h1:ZUEYUmm2t4vxwzxy1BvN1wL6SDWrDxfH7pxtzX8c6d0=",
-    "zh:53604cd29cb92538668fe09565c739358dc53ca56f9f11312b9d7de81e48fab9",
-    "zh:66a46e9c508716a1c98efbf793092f03d50049fa4a83cd6b2251e9a06aca2acf",
-    "zh:70a6f6a852dd83768d0778ce9817d81d4b3f073fab8fa570bff92dcb0824f732",
-    "zh:78d5eefdd9e494defcb3c68d282b8f96630502cac21d1ea161f53cfe9bb483b3",
-    "zh:82a803f2f484c8b766e2e9c32343e9c89b91997b9f8d2697f9f3837f62926b35",
-    "zh:9708a4e40d6cc4b8afd1352e5186e6e1502f6ae599867c120967aebe9d90ed04",
-    "zh:973f65ce0d67c585f4ec250c1e634c9b22d9c4288b484ee2a871d7fa1e317406",
-    "zh:c8fa0f98f9316e4cfef082aa9b785ba16e36ff754d6aba8b456dab9500e671c6",
-    "zh:cfa5342a5f5188b20db246c73ac823918c189468e1382cb3c48a9c0c08fc5bf7",
-    "zh:e0e2b477c7e899c63b06b38cd8684a893d834d6d0b5e9b033cedc06dd7ffe9e2",
-    "zh:f62d7d05ea1ee566f732505200ab38d94315a4add27947a60afa29860822d3fc",
-    "zh:fa7ce69dde358e172bd719014ad637634bbdabc49363104f4fca759b4b73f2ce",
-  ]
-}
-
 provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/null" {
   version = "3.2.1"
   hashes = [
+    "h1:tSj1mL6OQ8ILGqR2mDu7OYYYWf+hoir0pf9KAQ8IzO8=",
     "h1:ydA0/SNRVB1o95btfshvYsmxA+jZFRZcvKzZSB+4S1M=",
     "zh:58ed64389620cc7b82f01332e27723856422820cfd302e304b5f6c3436fb9840",
     "zh:62a5cc82c3b2ddef7ef3a6f2fedb7b9b3deff4ab7b414938b08e51d6e8be87cb",
@@ -150,6 +136,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/random" {
   constraints = "~> 3.1"
   hashes = [
     "h1:IL9mSatmwov+e0+++YX2V6uel+dV6bn+fC/cnGDK3Ck=",
+    "h1:sZ7MTSD4FLekNN2wSNFGpM+5slfvpm5A/NLVZiB7CO0=",
     "zh:04e3fbd610cb52c1017d282531364b9c53ef72b6bc533acb2a90671957324a64",
     "zh:119197103301ebaf7efb91df8f0b6e0dd31e6ff943d231af35ee1831c599188d",
     "zh:4d2b219d09abf3b1bb4df93d399ed156cadd61f44ad3baf5cf2954df2fba0831",
@@ -167,8 +154,9 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/random" {
 
 provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/time" {
   version     = "0.9.1"
-  constraints = ">= 0.7.0, ~> 0.7"
+  constraints = "~> 0.7"
   hashes = [
+    "h1:UHcDnIYFZ00uoou0TwPGMwOrE8gTkoRephIvdwDAK70=",
     "h1:VxyoYYOCaJGDmLz4TruZQTSfQhvwEcMxvcKclWdnpbs=",
     "zh:00a1476ecf18c735cc08e27bfa835c33f8ac8fa6fa746b01cd3bcbad8ca84f7f",
     "zh:3007f8fc4a4f8614c43e8ef1d4b0c773a5de1dcac50e701d8abc9fdc8fcb6bf5",
@@ -190,6 +178,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/tls" {
   constraints = ">= 2.2.0"
   hashes = [
     "h1:GZcFizg5ZT2VrpwvxGBHQ/hO9r6g0vYdQqx3bFD3anY=",
+    "h1:Wd3RqmQW60k2QWPN4sK5CtjGuO1d+CRNXgC+D4rKtXc=",
     "zh:23671ed83e1fcf79745534841e10291bbf34046b27d6e68a5d0aab77206f4a55",
     "zh:45292421211ffd9e8e3eb3655677700e3c5047f71d8f7650d2ce30242335f848",
     "zh:59fedb519f4433c0fdb1d58b27c210b27415fddd0cd73c5312530b4309c088be",
@@ -209,6 +198,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/vault" {
   version     = "3.21.0"
   constraints = "~> 3.2"
   hashes = [
+    "h1:MCAV+7XXkhMX4MdCgXzuP50EOHdHKgeVVSaCSmrlnmE=",
     "h1:i6dGe6Pm+PQqUFOxK0yQP4vbviz9lsu2yB2+B+eUMLs=",
     "zh:00ff2d3b7b4a516ab883640256f3b1b612faf55902cae5fd614ac546452308d7",
     "zh:179074d94db888f1f30afd1567140b2c9f2ab5f1dfb3f110e15193a93b33963f",
@@ -230,6 +220,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/integrations/github" {
   constraints = "~> 4.20"
   hashes = [
     "h1:FkBft5JlVtlcYcEM0CiphlFWgjBFQVziJMwrowuBIoc=",
+    "h1:fm77HQzGPdMeRGbu6xn/3CtQsHfHbaZdfIhIbgJj1kY=",
     "zh:07208ecc74804fbdd554830de79627f3e58633fc417b12dc29aafaceae01e427",
     "zh:0dca3802a7ea1ba4812c866bf202e62aef6c8995db8856fdb5b4d1d81b505518",
     "zh:24e6a56b34b3e0dca6ca0d6f22d0a31dda6a3256713492902c39ce9edd14acbd",
diff --git a/terraform/backend.tf b/terraform/backend.tf
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f077b0a..00000000
--- a/terraform/backend.tf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-module "tfstate_backend" {
-  source  = "cloudposse/tfstate-backend/aws"
-  version = "0.38.1"
-  name    = "pennlabs-terraform"
-}
diff --git a/terraform/provider.tf b/terraform/provider.tf
index 9153de3f..9dc0c400 100644
--- a/terraform/provider.tf
+++ b/terraform/provider.tf
@@ -31,14 +31,6 @@ provider "github" {
 }
 
 terraform {
-  backend "s3" {
-    region         = "us-east-1"
-    bucket         = "pennlabs-terraform"
-    key            = "terraform.tfstate"
-    dynamodb_table = "pennlabs-terraform-lock"
-    encrypt        = "true"
-  }
-
   required_providers {
     aws = {
       source  = "hashicorp/aws"