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583-1184279-选择器_Selector_八种定位方式_Locator.sy.md

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安装环境

回忆

  • 上次 使用selenium模拟了浏览器的行为
    • 模拟了填写表单的过程
      • 可以 填写表单 + 加回车
      • 也可以 填写表单 + 点击按钮
  • 有两种方式可以填写表单
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
  • 还有什么其他方法 能够选择元素吗？

查看帮助

图片描述

  • 八种传统定位器

构建环境

sudo service nginx start
  • 尝试编辑test.html

图片描述

sudo vi /usr/share/nginx/html/test.html

编辑网页

<html>
<body>
<style>
.information {
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<h2>Contact Selenium</h2>

<form action="/action_page.php">
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="m" />Male &nbsp;
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="f" />Female <br>
  <br>
  <label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
  <input class="information" type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="Jane"><br><br>
  <label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
  <input class="information" type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
  <label for="newsletter">Newsletter:</label>
  <input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" value="1" /><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form> 

<p>To know more about Selenium, visit the official page 
<a href ="www.selenium.dev">Selenium Official Page</a> 
</p>

</body>
</html>

默认页面状态

图片描述

配置环境

sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver
pip3 install selenium
  • 安装驱动和类库

八大定位之一 Class Name

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "information")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by class name")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()
  • 使用class Name定位

八大定位之二 使用CSS selector

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#fname")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by css selector")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()

八大定位之三 使用id

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "lname")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by id ")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()

八大定位之四 使用Name属性

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
check_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "newsletter")
if not check_box.is_selected():
    check_box.click()
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
  • 如果复选框没有选就选择

八大定位之五 使用链接文本

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text  =	driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Selenium Official Page")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
driver.quit()

八大定位之六 使用部分链接文本


from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text  =	driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,"Official")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
text.click()
driver.quit()

八大定位之七 使用tag name

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "a")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
text.click()
driver.quit()

八大定位之二 使用XPATH

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
input_box = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@value='f']")
print(input_box.get_attribute("value"))
input_box.click()
time.sleep(5)
input_box = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@value='m']")
print(input_box.get_attribute("value"))
input_box.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()

总结 🤔

  • 这次了解了8大定位

图片描述

  • 定位了元素之后可以做哪些操作呢？
  • 下次再说👋