Your local college has given you a text file that contains data about which courses are taught in which rooms. Here is part of the file. The first column is the course ID number. The second column is the course name, and the third column is the room number.
64850,ENGL 033,RF141 64851,ENGL 080,SC103 64853,ENGL 102,C101B
Your job in this étude is to read the file and create a HashDict whose key is the room number and whose value is a list of all the courses taught in that room.
To open file test.csv, which you will find in the example download area at URL goes here, use File.open/2, which takes the path to a file as its first argument and a list of options as its second argument. Here is a shell session that opens the file, reads one line, and then closes the file.
iex(1)> {result, device} = File.open("courses.csv", [:read, :utf8])
{:ok,#PID<0.39.0>}
iex(2)> data = IO.readline(device)
"64850,ENGL 033,RF141\n"
iex(3)> File.close(device)
:ok
If you successfully open the file, result will be :ok, and the device will be the variable you when reading or closing the file. If there is some error, result will be :error, and the device variable will contain the reason that the file open failed.
IO.readline/1 reads a line from the file (including the ending \n character) unless there is no more data, in which case you will get the atom :eof.
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Note
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If you do not use the :utf8 option, the file will open in binary mode, and you will only be able to use the most basic input and output operations on the file. |
Here is a portion of the output, edited to save space.
iex(1)> c("college.ex")
[College]
iex(2)> College.make_room_list("courses.csv")
#HashDict<[{"RF241",["CIT 050","CIT 042","CIT 020","PSYCH 018"]},
{"RE311",["PSYCH 092","HIST 010A"]},
{"AD211",["MATH 061","CHEM 030B","CHEM 030A","CHEM 001B",
"CHEM 001A"]},
{"RF234",["COMSC 076","CIT 010","BIS 107","ACCTG 030"]},
{"RE301",["BUS 009","LA 050","ESL 346"]},
{"C104",["MATH 311"]},...}
In this étude, you will read a CSV (comma-separated values) file with information about countries and cities, Lines with two entries give a country name and its primary language; lines with four entries give a city name, its population, its latitude, and its longitude. Here is some sample data, in file code/ch07-02/geography.csv:
Germany,German Hamburg,1739117,53.57532,10.01534 Frankfurt am Main,650000,50.11552,8.68417 Dresden,486854,51.05089,13.73832 Spain,Spanish Madrid,3255944,40.4165,-3.70256 Granada,234325,37.18817,-3.60667 Barcelona,1621537,41.38879,2.15899 South Korea,Korean Seoul,10349312,37.56826,126.97783 Busan,3678555,35.10278,129.04028 Daegu,2566540,35.87028,128.59111 Peru,Spanish Lima,7737002,-12.04318,-77.02824 Cusco,312140,-13.52264,-71.96734 Arequipa,841130,-16.39889,-71.535
Define two structures. The first one, Country has fields for the country name, its language, and a list of cities in that country. Each of the cities is represented by a City structure, which has fields for the city name, population, latitude, and longitude. This is something new: a structure that has structures in it
Then, define a module named Geography. It has a function make_geo_list/1, whose argument is the name of the CSV file. It returns a list of Country structures and their cities, as shown here:
iex(1)> c "geography.ex"
[Geography, Country, City]
iex(2)> Geography.make_geo_list("geography.csv")
[%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: -16.39889, longitude: -71.535,
name: "Arequipa", population: 841130},
%City{latitude: -12.04318, longitude: -77.02824, name: "Lima",
population: 7737002}], language: "Spanish", name: "Peru"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 35.87028, longitude: 128.59111,
name: "Daegu", population: 2566540},
%City{latitude: 37.56826, longitude: 126.97783, name: "Seoul",
population: 10349312}], language: "Korean", name: "South Korea"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 41.38879, longitude: 2.15899,
name: "Barcelona", population: 1621537},
%City{latitude: 40.4165, longitude: -3.70256, name: "Madrid",
population: 3255944}], language: "Spanish", name: "Spain"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 51.05089, longitude: 13.73832,
name: "Dresden", population: 486854},
%City{latitude: 53.57532, longitude: 10.01534, name: "Hamburg",
population: 1739117}], language: "German", name: "Germany"}]
Add a function total_population/2 to the Geography module. The first argument will be a list as constructed by make_geo_list/1, and the second argument is a string giving the name of a language. The function returns the total population of all the cities in countries whose primary language is the one you specified. Here is what it looks like:
iex(1)> glist = Geography.make_geo_list("geography.csv")
[%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: -16.39889, longitude: -71.535,
name: "Arequipa", population: 841130},
%City{latitude: -12.04318, longitude: -77.02824, name: "Lima",
population: 7737002}], language: "Spanish", name: "Peru"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 35.87028, longitude: 128.59111,
name: "Daegu", population: 2566540},
%City{latitude: 37.56826, longitude: 126.97783, name: "Seoul",
population: 10349312}], language: "Korean", name: "South Korea"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 41.38879, longitude: 2.15899,
name: "Barcelona", population: 1621537},
%City{latitude: 40.4165, longitude: -3.70256, name: "Madrid",
population: 3255944}], language: "Spanish", name: "Spain"},
%Country{cities: [%City{latitude: 51.05089, longitude: 13.73832,
name: "Dresden", population: 486854},
%City{latitude: 53.57532, longitude: 10.01534, name: "Hamburg",
population: 1739117}], language: "German", name: "Germany"}]
iex(2)> Geography.total_population(glist, "Korean")
12915852
----
<<SOLUTION07-ET03,See a suggested solution in Appendix A.>>
[[CH07-ET04]]
Étude 7-4: Protocols with Structures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Add a new protocol to check to see if a +City+ is valid. To be valid, the population must be greater than or equal to zero, the latitude must be between -90 and 90 (inclusive), and the longitude between -180 and 180 (inclusive). Your protocol will implement the +valid?/1+ function.
// [source, elixir]
----
defprotocol Valid do
@doc "Returns true if data is considered valid"
def valid?(data)
end
----
Then, add an implementation of +inspect+ for a +City+ that will display it in a more appealing form of your choice. The result might look something like this:
// [source, iex]
----
iex(1)> c "geography.ex"
[Geography, Country, Inspect.City, Valid.City, City, Valid]
iex(2)> good = %City{name: "Hamburg", population: 1739117, latitude: 53.57532,
...(2)> longitude: 10.01534}
Hamburg (1739117) 53.58°N 10.02°E
iex(3)> Valid.valid?(good)
true
iex(4)> bad = %City{name: "Nowhere", population: -1000,
...(4)> latitude: 37.1234, longitude: -12.457}
Nowhere (-1000) 37.12°N 12.46°W
iex(5)> Valid.valid?(bad)
false
iex(6)> bad2 = %City{name: "Impossible", population: 1000,
...(6)> latitude: 135.0, longitude: 175}
Impossible (1000) 135.0°N 175.0°E
iex(7)> Valid.valid?(bad2)
false
Notice that I decided to round the latitude and longitude to two digits. If you decide to do this and you use Kernel.round/2, remember that its first argument must be of type float. In order to allow people to use integers for latitude and longitude, I simply multiplied them by 1.0, which converted them to the correct type.