diff --git a/flint-core/src/main/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/metadata/log/DefaultOptimisticTransaction.java b/flint-core/src/main/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/metadata/log/DefaultOptimisticTransaction.java
index da0aa4234..f16d57157 100644
--- a/flint-core/src/main/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/metadata/log/DefaultOptimisticTransaction.java
+++ b/flint-core/src/main/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/metadata/log/DefaultOptimisticTransaction.java
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.flint.core.metadata.log;
 
+import static java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE;
+import static java.util.logging.Level.WARNING;
 import static org.opensearch.flint.core.metadata.log.FlintMetadataLogEntry.IndexState$;
 import static org.opensearch.index.seqno.SequenceNumbers.UNASSIGNED_PRIMARY_TERM;
 import static org.opensearch.index.seqno.SequenceNumbers.UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO;
@@ -76,23 +78,45 @@ public T commit(Function<FlintMetadataLogEntry, T> operation) {
         metadataLog.getLatest().orElseGet(() -> metadataLog.add(emptyLogEntry()));
 
     // Perform initial log check
-    if (initialCondition.test(latest)) {
+    if (!initialCondition.test(latest)) {
+      LOG.warning("Initial log entry doesn't satisfy precondition " + latest);
+      throw new IllegalStateException(
+          "Transaction failed due to initial log precondition not satisfied");
+    }
 
-      // Append optional transient log
-      if (transientAction != null) {
-        latest = metadataLog.add(transientAction.apply(latest));
-      }
+    // Append optional transient log
+    FlintMetadataLogEntry initialLog = latest;
+    if (transientAction != null) {
+      latest = metadataLog.add(transientAction.apply(latest));
+
+      // Copy latest seqNo and primaryTerm to initialLog for potential revert use
+      initialLog = initialLog.copy(
+          initialLog.id(),
+          latest.seqNo(),
+          latest.primaryTerm(),
+          initialLog.createTime(),
+          initialLog.state(),
+          initialLog.dataSource(),
+          initialLog.error());
+    }
 
-      // Perform operation
+    // Perform operation
+    try {
       T result = operation.apply(latest);
 
       // Append final log
       metadataLog.add(finalAction.apply(latest));
       return result;
-    } else {
-      LOG.warning("Initial log entry doesn't satisfy precondition " + latest);
-      throw new IllegalStateException(
-          "Transaction failed due to initial log precondition not satisfied");
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.log(SEVERE, "Reverting transient log due to transaction operation failure", e);
+      try {
+        if (transientAction != null) {
+          metadataLog.add(initialLog);
+        }
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        LOG.log(WARNING, "Failed to revert transient log", ex);
+      }
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to commit transaction operation");
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/integ-test/src/test/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/FlintTransactionITSuite.scala b/integ-test/src/test/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/FlintTransactionITSuite.scala
index 78e47b2f0..66eae2755 100644
--- a/integ-test/src/test/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/FlintTransactionITSuite.scala
+++ b/integ-test/src/test/scala/org/opensearch/flint/core/FlintTransactionITSuite.scala
@@ -132,10 +132,13 @@ class FlintTransactionITSuite extends OpenSearchTransactionSuite with Matchers {
       flintClient
         .startTransaction(testFlintIndex, testDataSourceName)
         .initialLog(_ => false)
-        .transientLog(latest => latest)
+        .transientLog(latest => latest.copy(state = ACTIVE))
         .finalLog(latest => latest)
         .commit(_ => {})
     }
+
+    // Initial empty log should not be changed
+    latestLogEntry(testLatestId) should contain("state" -> "empty")
   }
 
   test("should fail if initial log entry updated by others when updating transient log entry") {
@@ -170,4 +173,58 @@ class FlintTransactionITSuite extends OpenSearchTransactionSuite with Matchers {
         })
     }
   }
+
+  test("should revert to initial log if transaction operation failed") {
+    // Use create index scenario in this test case
+    the[IllegalStateException] thrownBy {
+      flintClient
+        .startTransaction(testFlintIndex, testDataSourceName)
+        .initialLog(_ => true)
+        .transientLog(latest => latest.copy(state = CREATING))
+        .finalLog(latest => latest.copy(state = ACTIVE))
+        .commit(_ => throw new RuntimeException("Mock operation error"))
+    }
+
+    // Should revert to initial empty log
+    latestLogEntry(testLatestId) should contain("state" -> "empty")
+  }
+
+  test("should revert to initial log if updating final log failed") {
+    // Use refresh index scenario in this test case
+    createLatestLogEntry(
+      FlintMetadataLogEntry(
+        id = testLatestId,
+        seqNo = UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO,
+        primaryTerm = UNASSIGNED_PRIMARY_TERM,
+        createTime = 1234567890123L,
+        state = ACTIVE,
+        dataSource = testDataSourceName,
+        error = ""))
+
+    the[IllegalStateException] thrownBy {
+      flintClient
+        .startTransaction(testFlintIndex, testDataSourceName)
+        .initialLog(_ => true)
+        .transientLog(latest => latest.copy(state = REFRESHING))
+        .finalLog(_ => throw new RuntimeException("Mock final log error"))
+        .commit(_ => {})
+    }
+
+    // Should revert to initial active log
+    latestLogEntry(testLatestId) should contain("state" -> "active")
+  }
+
+  test("should not necessarily revert if transaction operation failed but no transient action") {
+    // Use create index scenario in this test case
+    the[IllegalStateException] thrownBy {
+      flintClient
+        .startTransaction(testFlintIndex, testDataSourceName)
+        .initialLog(_ => true)
+        .finalLog(latest => latest.copy(state = ACTIVE))
+        .commit(_ => throw new RuntimeException("Mock operation error"))
+    }
+
+    // Should revert to initial empty log
+    latestLogEntry(testLatestId) should contain("state" -> "empty")
+  }
 }