diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
index ed075277d72bd..916db1bffb738 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.ForceSyncRequest;
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.RecoverySettings;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.checkpoint.ReplicationCheckpoint;
+import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.CopyState;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationCollection;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationFailedException;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationLuceneIndex;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
@@ -70,10 +72,7 @@ public class SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests extends IndexShardTestCase {
     private IndexShard replicaShard;
     private IndexShard primaryShard;
     private ReplicationCheckpoint checkpoint;
-    private SegmentReplicationSource replicationSource;
     private SegmentReplicationTargetService sut;
-
-    private ReplicationCheckpoint initialCheckpoint;
     private ReplicationCheckpoint aheadCheckpoint;
 
     private ReplicationCheckpoint newPrimaryCheckpoint;
@@ -83,11 +82,10 @@ public class SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests extends IndexShardTestCase {
     private DiscoveryNode localNode;
 
     private IndicesService indicesService;
-    private ClusterService clusterService;
 
     private SegmentReplicationState state;
 
-    private static long TRANSPORT_TIMEOUT = 30000;// 30sec
+    private static final long TRANSPORT_TIMEOUT = 30000;// 30sec
 
     @Override
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -107,9 +105,6 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
             0L,
             replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint().getCodec()
         );
-        SegmentReplicationSourceFactory replicationSourceFactory = mock(SegmentReplicationSourceFactory.class);
-        replicationSource = mock(SegmentReplicationSource.class);
-        when(replicationSourceFactory.get(replicaShard)).thenReturn(replicationSource);
 
         testThreadPool = new TestThreadPool("test", Settings.EMPTY);
         localNode = new DiscoveryNode(
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
         transportService.acceptIncomingRequests();
 
         indicesService = mock(IndicesService.class);
-        clusterService = mock(ClusterService.class);
+        ClusterService clusterService = mock(ClusterService.class);
         ClusterState clusterState = mock(ClusterState.class);
         RoutingTable mockRoutingTable = mock(RoutingTable.class);
         when(clusterService.state()).thenReturn(clusterState);
@@ -139,7 +134,7 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
 
         when(clusterState.nodes()).thenReturn(DiscoveryNodes.builder().add(localNode).build());
         sut = prepareForReplication(primaryShard, replicaShard, transportService, indicesService, clusterService);
-        initialCheckpoint = replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint();
+        ReplicationCheckpoint initialCheckpoint = replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint();
         aheadCheckpoint = new ReplicationCheckpoint(
             initialCheckpoint.getShardId(),
             initialCheckpoint.getPrimaryTerm(),
@@ -246,7 +241,46 @@ public void testAlreadyOnNewCheckpoint() {
     }
 
     public void testShardAlreadyReplicating() {
-        sut.startReplication(replicaShard, mock(SegmentReplicationTargetService.SegmentReplicationListener.class));
+        CountDownLatch blockGetCheckpointMetadata = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        SegmentReplicationSource source = new TestReplicationSource() {
+            @Override
+            public void getCheckpointMetadata(
+                long replicationId,
+                ReplicationCheckpoint checkpoint,
+                ActionListener<CheckpointInfoResponse> listener
+            ) {
+                try {
+                    blockGetCheckpointMetadata.await();
+                    final CopyState copyState = new CopyState(
+                        ReplicationCheckpoint.empty(primaryShard.shardId(), primaryShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint().getCodec()),
+                        primaryShard
+                    );
+                    listener.onResponse(
+                        new CheckpointInfoResponse(copyState.getCheckpoint(), copyState.getMetadataMap(), copyState.getInfosBytes())
+                    );
+                } catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void getSegmentFiles(
+                long replicationId,
+                ReplicationCheckpoint checkpoint,
+                List<StoreFileMetadata> filesToFetch,
+                IndexShard indexShard,
+                ActionListener<GetSegmentFilesResponse> listener
+            ) {
+                listener.onResponse(new GetSegmentFilesResponse(Collections.emptyList()));
+            }
+        };
+        final SegmentReplicationTarget target = spy(
+            new SegmentReplicationTarget(replicaShard, source, mock(SegmentReplicationTargetService.SegmentReplicationListener.class))
+        );
+        // Start first round of segment replication.
+        sut.startReplication(target);
+
+        // Start second round of segment replication, this should fail to start as first round is still in-progress
         sut.startReplication(replicaShard, new SegmentReplicationTargetService.SegmentReplicationListener() {
             @Override
             public void onReplicationDone(SegmentReplicationState state) {
@@ -259,6 +293,7 @@ public void onReplicationFailure(SegmentReplicationState state, ReplicationFaile
                 assertFalse(sendShardFailure);
             }
         });
+        blockGetCheckpointMetadata.countDown();
     }
 
     public void testOnNewCheckpointFromNewPrimaryCancelOngoingReplication() throws InterruptedException {