diff --git a/examples/example_metadata-geoarrow.json b/examples/example_metadata-geoarrow.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..047980e --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/example_metadata-geoarrow.json @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +{ + "geo": { + "columns": { + "geometry": { + "encoding": "geoarrow", + "extension_name": "geoarrow.point", + "geometry_types": [ + "Point" + ] + } + }, + "primary_column": "geometry", + "version": "1.1.0-dev" + } +} diff --git a/format-specs/compatible-parquet.md b/format-specs/compatible-parquet.md index 7a8ce7a..d7de290 100644 --- a/format-specs/compatible-parquet.md +++ b/format-specs/compatible-parquet.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The core idea of the compatibility guidelines is to have the output match the de * The geometry column should be named either `"geometry"` or `"geography"`. -* The geometry column should be a `BYTE_ARRAY` with Well Known Binary (WKB) used to define the geometries, as defined in the [encoding](./geoparquet.md#encoding) section of the GeoParquet spec. +* The geometry column should be a `BYTE_ARRAY` with Well Known Binary (WKB) used to define the geometries, as defined in the [encoding](./geoparquet.md#encoding) section of the GeoParquet spec. Alternatively, the geometry column can be stored according to the Point, MultiPoint, MultiLinestring, or MultiPolygon memory layouts with separated (struct) coordinates as specified in the [GeoArrow format](https://geoarrow.org/format). * All data is stored in longitude, latitude based on the WGS84 datum, as defined as the default in the [crs](./geoparquet.md#crs) section of the GeoParquet spec. diff --git a/format-specs/geoparquet.md b/format-specs/geoparquet.md index 6821c1c..e29f45c 100644 --- a/format-specs/geoparquet.md +++ b/format-specs/geoparquet.md @@ -48,13 +48,14 @@ Each geometry column in the dataset MUST be included in the `columns` field abov | Field Name | Type | Description | | -------------- | ------------ | ----------- | -| encoding | string | **REQUIRED.** Name of the geometry encoding format. Currently only `"WKB"` is supported. | +| encoding | string | **REQUIRED.** Name of the geometry encoding format. Currently `"WKB"` and `"geoarrow"` are supported. | | geometry_types | \[string] | **REQUIRED.** The geometry types of all geometries, or an empty array if they are not known. | | crs | object\|null | [PROJJSON](https://proj.org/specifications/projjson.html) object representing the Coordinate Reference System (CRS) of the geometry. If the field is not provided, the default CRS is [OGC:CRS84](https://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84), which means the data in this column must be stored in longitude, latitude based on the WGS84 datum. | | orientation | string | Winding order of exterior ring of polygons. If present must be `"counterclockwise"`; interior rings are wound in opposite order. If absent, no assertions are made regarding the winding order. | | edges | string | Name of the coordinate system for the edges. Must be one of `"planar"` or `"spherical"`. The default value is `"planar"`. | | bbox | \[number] | Bounding Box of the geometries in the file, formatted according to [RFC 7946, section 5](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-5). | | epoch | number | Coordinate epoch in case of a dynamic CRS, expressed as a decimal year. | +| extension_name | string | The [GeoArrow extension name](https://geoarrow.org/extension-types#extension-names) corresponding to the column memory layout. This is required when `encoding` is `"geoarrow"` and must be omitted otherwise. | #### crs @@ -80,10 +81,16 @@ The optional `epoch` field allows to specify this in case the `crs` field define #### encoding -This is the binary format that the geometry is encoded in. The string `"WKB"`, signifying Well Known Binary is the only current option, but future versions of the spec may support alternative encodings. This SHOULD be the ["OpenGIS® Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture"](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=18241) WKB representation (using codes for 3D geometry types in the \[1001,1007\] range). This encoding is also consistent with the one defined in the ["ISO/IEC 13249-3:2016 (Information technology - Database languages - SQL multimedia and application packages - Part 3: Spatial)"](https://www.iso.org/standard/60343.html) standard. +This is the memory layout used to encode geometries in the geometry column. + +The preferred option for maximum portability is `"WKB"`, signifying Well Known Binary. This SHOULD be the ["OpenGIS® Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture"](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=18241) WKB representation (using codes for 3D geometry types in the \[1001,1007\] range). This encoding is also consistent with the one defined in the ["ISO/IEC 13249-3:2016 (Information technology - Database languages - SQL multimedia and application packages - Part 3: Spatial)"](https://www.iso.org/standard/60343.html) standard. Note that the current version of the spec only allows for a subset of WKB: 2D or 3D geometries of the standard geometry types (the Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon, and GeometryCollection geometry types). This means that M values or non-linear geometry types are not yet supported. +Using the `"geoarrow"` encoding may provide better performance and enable readers to leverage more features of the Parquet format to accelerate geospatial queries (e.g., row group-level min/max statistics). When `encoding` is set to `"geoarrow"`, the column metadata must also specify `extension_name` according to the [GeoArrow metadata specification](https://geoarrow.org/extension-types#extension-names) to signify the memory layout used by the geometry column. + +Note that the current version of the spec only allows for a subset of GeoArrow: separated (struct) coordinates are required, only 2D or 3D geometries are permitted, and supported extension are currently `"geoarrow.point"`, `"geoarrow.linestring"`, `"geoarrow.polygon"`, `"geoarrow.multipoint"`, `"geoarrow.multilinestring"`, and `"geoarrow.multipolygon"`. This means that M values and serialized encodings are not yet supported. + #### Coordinate axis order The axis order of the coordinates in WKB stored in a GeoParquet follows the de facto standard for axis order in WKB and is therefore always (x, y) where x is easting or longitude and y is northing or latitude. This ordering explicitly overrides the axis order as specified in the CRS. This follows the precedent of [GeoPackage](https://geopackage.org), see the [note in their spec](https://www.geopackage.org/spec130/#gpb_spec). diff --git a/format-specs/schema.json b/format-specs/schema.json index ae31ee0..3633d41 100644 --- a/format-specs/schema.json +++ b/format-specs/schema.json @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ "properties": { "encoding": { "type": "string", - "const": "WKB" + "pattern": "^(WKB|geoarrow)$" }, "geometry_types": { "type": "array", @@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ }, "epoch": { "type": "number" + }, + "extension_name": { + "type": "string", + "pattern": "^geoarrow\\.(point|linestring|polygon|multipoint|multilinestring|multipolygon)$" } } }