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HTML
HTML Cheat Sheet gives you a quick reference of basic HTML tags, codes and attributes and is very handy while coding.
2020-06-17
2023-10-20

Sample program

<!-- Sample program -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Hello World!</title>
  </head>
  <body>
      <h1>Hello World! </h1>
      <p> Good Morning!! </p>
  </body>
</html>
  • <!DOCTYPE html>> : Specifies document type, here it is an HTML5 document
  • <html> : root element of an HTML page
  • <head> : Contains meta information about the HTML page
  • <title> : Specifies a title for the HTML page to display
  • <body> : body of the html document which contains headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
  • <h1> : defines Large heading
  • <p> : defines Paragraph
  • </body> : represents end of body
  • </html> : represents end of html
  • <!-- comment --> : comments

HTML Tags

HTML Tags Description Example
<h1..h6>Headers </h1..h6> <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6> are the heading tags, where <h1> is most important heading and <h6> is least important heading. <h1>MY FIRST BLOG</h1>
<div>..</div> <div> is used to wrap a block of code as a single block <div> Block of code </div>
<span> … </span> Used to inject inline elements, like an image, icon etc without disturbing the formatting of the page. <span> icon image </span>
<p> … </p> Contains plain text like a paragraph <p> multi line text </p>
<br/> line break, used to write a new line. <br/>
<hr/> Similar to line break, additionally draws a horizontal bar to indicate the end of the section <hr/>
<meta/> Used to provide meta data information like description of the web page <meta charset="utf-8"/>
<a>..</a> Used to link external webpages to your web page <a href="https://onecompiler.com/" target="_blank"> OneCompiler</a>
<img /> Used to insert an image <img src="/sample.jpg" alt="sample image" width="100" height="50" longdesc="image" />
<pre/> Text in a pre elementis displayed in a fixed-width font, and it preservesboth spaces and line breaks <pre> int i = 0; </pre>
<audio> It is used to embed sound content in the document. <audio controls> <source src="demo.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> </audio>
<video> It is used to embed video in the webpage. <video width="480" height="320" controls> <source src="demo_move.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements <source media="(min-width:650px)" srcset="img_pink_flowers.jpg">
<svg> SVG is used to define vector-based graphics for the Web <svg width="100" height="100"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="green"/> </svg>
<iframe> It is used to specifies an inline frame. <iframe src=" https://onecompiler.com/" title="iframe element"></iframe>
<progress> It represents the completion progress of a task. <progress id="file" value="32" max="100"> 32% </progress>
<address> It defines contact information for the author/owner of a document. <address> You can contact us at: 123 Somewhere St. City, State</address>

HTML formatting

Formatting Elements Description
<i>..</i> Italic
<u>..</u> Underline
<b>..</b> Bold
<strong>..</strong> Important text
<em>..</em> Emphasized text
<mark>..</mark> Marked text
<small>..</small> Smaller text
<del>..</del> Deleted text
<ins>..</ins> Inserted text
<sub>..</sub> Subscript text
<sup>..</sup> Superscript text
<big>..</big> Larger text
<kbd>..</kbd> keyboard input text
<bdo>..</bdo> bidirectional override text

Tables

<table> tag is used to create a table and <tr> tag is used to create table rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells.

   <table border = "1">
         <tr>
            <td>Row 1, Col 1</td>
            <td>Row 1, Col 2</td>
         </tr>
         
         <tr>
           <td>Row 2, Col 1</td>
            <td>Row 2, Col 2</td>
         </tr>
         
   </table>

Lists

1. Ordered Lists

Numbering the list items

<ol type = "1"> <!-- Numeric numbering, default case-->
<ol type = "I"> <!-- Uppercase roman numerals-->
<ol type = "i"> <!-- Lowercase roman numerals-->
<ol type = "A"> <!-- Uppercase letters-->
<ol type = "a"> <!-- Lowercase letters-->
    <ol type = "1">
        <li>list item 1</li>
        <li>list item 2</li>
        <li>list item 3</li>
    </ol>

2. Unordered Lists

List items are displayed using bullets

<ul type = "disc"> <!-- default case-->
<ul type = "square">
  <ul type = "circle">
    ```
```html
<ul type= "circle">
  <li>list item 1</li>
    <li>list item 2</li>
    <li>list item 3</li>
</ul>

3. Definition Lists

List the entries like in a dictionary or encyclopedia.

  • <dl> : Start of the definition list
  • <dt> : Term
  • <dd> : Term definition
  • </dl> : End of the definition list
 <dl>
   <dt><b>OL</b></dt>
    <dd>Ordered Lists</dd>
    <dt><b>UL</b></dt>
    <dd>Unordered Lists</dd>
    <dt><b>DL</b></dt>
    <dd>Definition Lists</dd>
 </dl>

Forms

<form> element is used to define a form.

<form>
  <!--form elements like input select etc-->
</form>

<input> element

Type Description
<input type="text"> To define a single-line text input field
<input type="number"> To define a single-line number input field
<input type="password"> To define a single-line password input field
<input type="radio"> To define a radio button
<input type="submit"> To define a submit button
<input type = "checkbox"> To define a checkbox
<input type = "file"> To define a file upload box
<input type = "range"> To define a range slider control
<input type = "color"> To define a color picker interface
<input type = "reset"> To define a reset button
<input type = "email"> To define a single-line email input field
<input type = "datetime-local"> To define a single-line Date and time input field
<input type="tel"> To define a telephone number.
<input type="url"> To define a URL address.
<input type="week"> To define a selection of week & year.
<input type="image"> To take image format as an input. 
 <form >
   ID : <input type = "text" name = "user-id" /> <br> <!-- Single line text input-->
   Password: <input type = "password" name = "password" /> <br> <!-- Single line password input-->
 </form>

HTML 5 Semantic Tags

Semantic tags are used to make the code easier to write and understand for the developer as well as instructs the browser on how to treat them.

HTML Tags Description Example
<article></article> It contains independent content which doesnt require any other context. <article>Hey, I'm an article tag!</article>
<aside></aside> It is used to place content in a sidebar i.e. aside the existing content. It is related to surrounding content. <aside>Hey, I'm an aside tag!</aside>
<details></details> It defines additional details that the user can hide or view. It basically acts as an accordians space. <details>Code Block</details>
<summary> … </summary> It defines a visible heading for a “details” element. It acts as an accordian <details> <summary> Hi, I'm a summary tag! </summary> </details>
<header></header> It is for the header of a section introductory of a page. There can be multiple headers on a page. <header>Hi, I'm a header tag!</header>
<footer></footer> Located at the bottom of any article or document, they can contain contact details, copyright information etc. There can be multiple footers on a page. <footer>Hi, I'm a footer tag!</footer>
<main></main> It defines the main content of the document. <main>Hi, I'm a main tag!</main>
<nav></nav> It defines the navigation bar of the document. <nav>Hi, I'm a nav tag!</nav>

HTML Lazy Loading

<img loading="lazy" src="url-or-directory.png" alt="lazy-load-images" />

Useful HTML Character Entities

Character Description Name Unicode
Blank Space &nbsp; &#160;
< Less than &lt; &#60;
> Greater than &gt; &#62;
& Ampersand &amp; &#38;
" Double quotation mark &quot; &#34;
' Single quotation mark &apos; &#39;
~ Tilde &tilde; -
% Percent &percnt; &#37;
₹ Indian Rupee &#x20B9; &#x20B9;
$ Dollar &dollar; &#36;
¢ Cent &cent; &#162;
£ Pound &pound; &#163;
¥ Yen &yen; &#165;
€ Euro &euro; &#8364;
© Copyright &copy; &#169;
® Registered &reg; &#174;
™ Trademark &trade; &#8482;