Incentives tradeoffs transaction selection in dag based protocols

[XiaohuaNpc]

文本 https://stanford2017.scalingbitcoin.org/transcript/stanford2017/incentives-tradeoffs-transaction-selection-in-dag-based-protocols

翻译文本
缺乏必要内容，翻译出来的文本难以理解的时候，参考视频和PPT，补充完整。

参考资料：

• 视频 https://stanford2017.scalingbitcoin.org/presentations
• PPT https://stanford2017.scalingbitcoin.org/stanford2017/Day2/Sompolinsky_SB4.pdf

[proofofbuild]

认领

[callmewhy]

草稿在 /source/_drafts 里，参考我们的协作流程找到对应的草稿翻译即可。翻译愉快～

[forchain]

认领了

[callmewhy]

好的～ @blakegao 不用重复翻译了哈

[forchain]

第一段

Incentives and Trade-offs in Transaction Selection in DAG-based Protocols

DAG协议中交易选择的激励和权衡

Yonatan Sompolinsky (The Hebrew University)
Yonatan Sompolinsky (希伯来大学)

My name is Yonatan Sompolinsky I'm a PhD student in Hebrew University under the supervision of Aviv Zohar which talked previously and also I'm a co-founder and scientist at DAGlabs which is a commercial effort to
implement DAG based protocols and I feel comfortable here to say that we're not doing an ICO ---- it's a regular
company.

我名叫Yonatan Sompolinsky, 现在在希伯来大学就读博士学位, 之前的演讲嘉宾Aviv Zohar就是我的导师, 此外我还是DAGlabs的联合创始人兼科学家. DAGlabs是一家致力于实现基于DAG协议的商业机构, 在此我表示很放松因为我们不会进行ICO -- 这就是家常规的公司.

A little bit of background about DAG based protocols. The background to this work is a line of works we've done in the Hebrew University with my colleagues, again, Yoad Lewenberg and Aviv Zohar, my supervisor.
This idea of block DAG is a modification of the layer 1 of Bitcoin and so it's a generalization of the chain structure of the blockchain. As such , it's orthogonal to any layer 2 solutions - Lightning Network and all micropayment channels, etc.. So we're scaling up layer 1, you are scaling up layer 2, these are complementary solutions.

稍微介绍下基于DAG协议的背景知识. 此项工作是基于一系列我们在希伯来大学和我的同事们的工作, 即Yoad Lewenberg 和我的导师 Aviv Zohar. 区块DAG(block DAG)的概念是对一层的比特币协议的改进, 所以对链式结构的区块链的泛化(generalization).(译注: 这里的泛化是指区块链是block DAG的一种特例, 所以区块链本质上也是DAG). 正因如此, 它对于任何二层解决方案 , 如闪电网络(Lightning Network)和所有的微支付通道等, 都是互不相关的. 所以说, 我们是在做一层扩容, 你们在做二层扩容, 这些都是可以补充进来的方案.

This talk will be focused on an idea that we develop in the Inclusive blockchain paper in 2015 and we kind of revisited these ideas now because we're heading up to to scale up to implement these block DAG protocols.

本次讨论会聚焦在我们2015研究的Inclusive的区块链论文上, 我们算是在回顾这些想法, 因为我们已经在去实现区块DAG的协议了.

[forchain]

Blockchain vs BlockDAG

区块链 vs 区块链DAG

The first difference is that in a chain you would maintain a single chain. But in a DAG you have an entire graph of blocks. In a chain, we ignore anything that is off-chain and any data that was not in the chain. In the DAG, you use all of this information, you harvest all information from all blocks. The third implication that in a chain paradigm you are trying to suppress throughput so that spontaneous forks are rare in the system. In a blockDAG system, forks are a common phenomena of the system and many forks are created in parallel.

第一个区别在于在链式结构中你维护的是单一的链. 但在DAG中你拥有的是整个区块组成的图. 在链式结构中, 我们会丢弃掉不在链下和不在链上的数据. 在DAG结构中, 你可以使用所有的信息, 你可以从所有的区块从提取出所有的信息. 第三个影响是在链式模型中你会尝试抑制吞吐量所以并发的分叉在系统中是很少见的. 但是在区块DAG系统中, 分叉是非常普遍的现象而且会有很多分叉是并行创建的.

As you can imagine, this is essentially a matter of information. In a chain paradigm you ignore everything that's
off chain. In a DAG paradigm you use in this entire information and this information can be used for more
scalability more security more fairness. But the fact that is it can be used to these stuff doesn't mean that every blockDAG uses, so just to drop a name, Ethereum's GHOST is mostly about fairness not scalability.

正如你可以想象的, 这本质上是个信息的问题. 在链式模型中你会丢弃所有的离线信息. 而DAG会利用这个完整的信息来增强可扩容性, 安全性和公平性. 不过事实上, 可以利用这些信息并不代表所有的区块DAG会利用, 随便说个例子, 以太坊的GHOST就主要是用于增强公平性而非可扩容性.

[forchain]

Related issue in DAGfans
DAGfans/TranStudy#8

[forchain]

#18

这篇原文有好多错误, 尽可能地参考视频了, 但是还是也不确定翻译得是不是OK

麻烦帮我校订下, 看有没有无法理解的地方, 我来改