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ResNah.gf
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--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
resource ResNah = open Prelude, Predef in {
flags coding=utf8;
param
Number = Sg | Pl ;
Person = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
Animacy = Animate | Inanimate ;
Specificity = Specific | Unspecific ;
Possession = SpecificPossessor Person Number | UnspecificPossessor | Absolute ;
Case = Absolutive | Locative ; -- | Vocative ;
Transitivity = Itv | Tv | Dtv ;
PluralType = Glot | GlotRed | Tin | TinRed | Meh ;
AgrS = SpecificS Person Number ;
AgrDO = SpecificDO Person Number | UnspecificDO Animacy | ReflexiveDO ;
AgrIO = SpecificIO Person Number | UnspecificIO Animacy | ReflexiveIO ;
DirPrefix = NoDirection | Direction Dir ;
Dir = Toward | Away ;
-- Reduplication = NoReduplication |
-- Intensive |
-- Distributive ;
TAM = Present | Preterite Augment |
Imperfect | Normative | Transitory Augment |
Vetative | Future | Counterfactual | Optative |
Directional Dir Status ;
Augment = Augmented | NoAugment ;
Status = Imperfective | Perfective | OptativeStatus ; -- named for similarly fusional Maya TAM morpheme
ImpersonalS = UnspecificS Animacy ;
PassiveS = AnimatePassiveS Person Number | InanimatePassiveS |
UnspecificPassiveS Animacy ;
oper
-- Phrasal types.
NP : Type = {
animacy : Animacy ;
number : Number ;
person : Person ;
specificity : Specificity ;
s : Str ;
} ;
VP : Type = {
v : AgrS => TAM => Str ;
c : AgrS => Str ;
nom : Bool ;
} ;
-- Nominal types.
Noun : Type = {
animacy : Animacy ;
s : AgrS => Possession => Case => Str ;
} ;
Adjective : Type = {
s : AgrS => Possession => Case => Str ;
} ;
Det : Type = {
number : Number ;
pref : Number => Str ;
post : Str ;
} ;
-- Verb types.
IrregVerb = AgrS => TAM => Str ;
ActiveIV = AgrS => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
ImpersonalIV = ImpersonalS => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
ImpersonalDepIV = DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
ActiveTV = AgrS => AgrDO => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
PassiveTV = PassiveS => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
ActiveDTV = AgrS => AgrDO => AgrIO => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
PassiveDTV = PassiveS => AgrDO => DirPrefix => TAM => Str ;
IVerb : Type = {
active : ActiveIV ;
impersonal : ImpersonalIV ;
causative : ActiveTV ;
causative_passive : PassiveTV ;
applicative : ActiveTV ;
applicative_passive : PassiveTV ;
honorific : ActiveIV ;
} ;
TVerb : Type = {
active : ActiveTV ;
passive : PassiveTV ;
causative : ActiveDTV ;
causative_passive : PassiveDTV ;
applicative : ActiveDTV ;
applicative_passive : PassiveDTV ;
honorific : ActiveTV ;
} ;
DTVerb : Type = {
active : ActiveDTV ;
passive : PassiveDTV ;
honorific : ActiveDTV ;
-- this probably needs more work ...
} ;
DeponentIVerb : Type = {
active : ActiveIV ;
impersonal : ImpersonalIV ;
causative : ActiveTV ;
causative_passive : PassiveTV ;
applicative : ActiveTV ;
applicative_passive : PassiveTV ;
honorific : ActiveIV ;
} ;
DeponentTVerb : Type = {
active : ActiveTV ;
passive : PassiveTV ;
causative : ActiveDTV ;
causative_passive : PassiveDTV ;
honorific : ActiveTV ;
} ;
--- Constructors for phrasal types.
pronNP : (form : Str) -> Person -> Number -> NP =
\str,p,n ->
{
animacy = Animate ;
number = n ;
person = p ;
specificity = Specific ;
s = str ;
} ;
--- Constructors for nouns.
noun : (sg,pl,poss : Str) -> Animacy -> AgrS => Possession => Case => Str =
\sg,pl,poss,anim ->
\\s,p,c =>
(fixFinal
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s Present
(possPrefix p
(nounStem sg pl poss anim s p c))))) ;
possPrefix : Possession -> Str -> Str =
-- possO handles the special behavior of the possessive
-- prefix's "-o" in context
\p,stem ->
case p of {
SpecificPossessor P1 Sg => "n" + (possO stem) ;
SpecificPossessor P1 Pl => "t" + (possO stem) ;
SpecificPossessor P2 Sg => "m" + (possO stem) ;
SpecificPossessor P2 Pl => "am" + (possO stem) ;
SpecificPossessor P3 Sg => "ī" + stem ;
SpecificPossessor P3 Pl => "ī" + (nasAssim stem) + stem ;
UnspecificPossessor => "tē" + stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
nounStem : (sg,pl,poss : Str) -> Animacy -> AgrS -> Possession -> Case -> Str =
\sg,pl,poss,anim,s,p,c ->
case <anim,s,p,c> of {
<Animate,_,_,Locative> |
<Inanimate,SpecificS _ Pl,_,_> => nonExist ;
<_,_,_,Locative> => (locative sg) ;
<_,SpecificS _ Pl,Absolute,_> => pl ;
<_,_,Absolute,_> => sg ;
<_,SpecificS _ Pl,_,_> => (possPl poss) ;
<_,_,_,_> => poss
} ;
-- locative affixation
-- ... Predef.take doesn't want to play nice with variants, for whatever reason
locative : Str -> Str =
\s ->
case s of {
a@(#cons | "") + b@(#vowel) + "tl" => a + b + "co" ; --("co" | "copa") ;
x + "tl" => x + "c" ; --("c" | "cpa" | "copa") ;
x + ("tli" | "li") => x + "co" ; --("co" | "copa") ;
x + y@(#vowel) => x + y + "c" ; -- ("c" | "cpa" | "copa") ;
x + y@(#cons) => x + y + "co" ; -- ("co" | "copa") ;
_ => s
} ;
-- smart noun pluralization
nounPlural : (sg : Str) -> PluralType -> Str =
\sg,pt ->
case pt of {
Glot | GlotRed =>
(glottalpl (case pt of {
GlotRed => nounredup sg ;
_ => sg })) ;
Tin | TinRed =>
(tin
(case pt of {
TinRed => nounredup sg ;
_ => sg
}));
Meh =>
(meh sg)
} ;
-- helper functions for noun pluralization
nounredup : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
c@(#cons) + v@(#vowel) + rest => c + (plLengthen v) + c + v + rest ;
v@(#vowel | #glvowel) + rest => (plLengthen v) + v + rest ;
_ => s
} ;
glottalpl : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
te + o@(#vowel) + "tl" => te + (glottalize o) ;
_ => s
} ;
tin : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
oquich + ("tli" | "in" | "li") => oquich + "tin" ;
_ => s + "tin"
} ;
meh : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
mich + ("in" | "tli" | "li" | "tl") => mich + "mè" ;
_ => s + "mè"
} ;
--- Irregular verbs.
ca_V : IrregVerb =
\\s,t =>
case t of {
Present => "" ;
_ => caStem s t
} ;
caStem : AgrS -> TAM -> Str =
\s,t ->
let
num = case s of {
SpecificS _ n => n
} ;
stem = case <t,num> of {
<Present,Sg> => "câ" ;
<Present,Pl> => "catê" ;
<Preterite _,Sg> => "catca" ;
<Preterite _,Pl> => "catcâ" ;
<Optative,Sg> => "ye" ;
<Optative,Pl> => "yecān" ;
<Future,Sg> => "yez" ;
<Future,Pl> => "yezquê" ;
<Imperfect,Sg> => "catca" ;
<Imperfect,Pl> => "catcâ" ;
<Normative,Sg> => "yeni" ;
<Normative,Pl> => "yenî" ;
<Transitory _,Sg> => "catca" ;
<Transitory _,Pl> => "catcâ" ;
<Counterfactual,Sg> => "yezquia" ;
<Counterfactual,Pl> => "yezquiâ" ;
<Vetative,Sg> => "ye" ;
<Vetative,Pl> => "yecān" ;
<Directional _ _,Sg> => "câ" ;
<Directional _ _,Pl> => "catê"
} ;
in
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s
stem)) ;
yauh_V : IrregVerb =
\\s,t => yauhStem s t ;
yauhStem : AgrS -> TAM -> Str =
\s,t ->
let
num = case s of {
SpecificS _ n => n
} ;
stem = case <t,num> of {
<Present,Sg> => "yauh" ;
<Present,Pl> => "huî" ;
<Preterite _,Sg> => "yâ" ;
<Preterite _,Pl> => "yàquê" ;
<Optative,Sg> => "yauh" ;
<Optative,Pl> => "huiyān" ;
<Future,Sg> => "yāz" ;
<Future,Pl> => "yāzquê" ;
<Imperfect,Sg> => "huiya" ;
<Imperfect,Pl> => "huiyâ" ;
<Normative,Sg> => "yāni" ;
<Normative,Pl> => "yānî" ;
<Transitory _,Sg> => "yauh" ;
<Transitory _,Pl> => "huiyān" ;
<Counterfactual,Sg> => "yāzquia" ;
<Counterfactual,Pl> => "yāzquia" ;
<Vetative,Sg> => "yauh" ;
<Vetative,Pl> => "huiyān" ;
<Directional _ _,Sg> => "yauh" ;
<Directional _ _,Pl> => "huî"
} ;
in
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s
stem)) ;
huItz_V : IrregVerb =
\\s,t => huItzStem s t ;
huItzStem : AgrS -> TAM -> Str =
\s,t ->
let
num = case s of {
SpecificS _ n => n
} ;
stem = case <t,num> of {
<Present,Sg> => "huītz" ;
<Present,Pl> => "huītzê" ;
<Preterite _,Sg> => "huītza" ;
<Preterite _,Pl> => "huītzâ" ;
<Optative,Sg> => "huāllauh" ;
<Optative,Pl> => "huālhuiyān" ;
<Future,Sg> => "huāllāz" ;
<Future,Pl> => "huāllāzquê" ;
<Imperfect,Sg> => "huālhuiya" ;
<Imperfect,Pl> => "huālhuiyâ" ;
<Normative,Sg> => "huāllāni" ;
<Normative,Pl> => "huāllānî" ;
<Transitory _,Sg> => "huītza" ;
<Transitory _,Pl> => "huītzâ" ;
<Counterfactual,Sg> => "huāllāzquia" ;
<Counterfactual,Pl> => "huāllāzquiâ" ;
<Vetative,Sg> => "huāllauh" ;
<Vetative,Pl> => "huālhuiyān" ;
<Directional _ _,Sg> => "huītz" ;
<Directional _ _,Pl> => "huītzê"
} ;
in
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s
stem)) ;
--- Constructors for intransitives.
ivActive : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> ActiveIV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo ->
\\s,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directionPrefix d
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t))))) ;
ivImpersonal : (b1,b2,b3,impers : Str) -> ImpersonalIV =
\b1,b2,b3,impers ->
\\is,d,t =>
let
thestem = case is of {
UnspecificS Inanimate => (tenseStem b1 b2 b3 t) ;
_ => (tenseStem impers (base2 Itv impers) (base3 impers) t)
} ;
in
(augment t) +
(directionPrefix d
(impersonalSubjPrefix is) +
(subjectPlSuffix (SpecificS P3 Sg) t
thestem)) ;
-- Constructors for transitives.
tvActive : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> ActiveTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo ->
\\s,o,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s o
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))))))) ;
tvPassive : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> PassiveTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tEmOl ->
let
pS = passiveStem tEmOl ;
pS2 = (base2 Itv pS) ;
pS3 = (base3 pS) ;
in
\\s,d,t =>
(augment t) +
case s of {
InanimatePassiveS =>
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix (SpecificS P3 Sg) ReflexiveDO
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t))) ;
AnimatePassiveS pers num =>
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix (SpecificS pers num)
(directionPrefix d
(subjectPlSuffix (SpecificS pers num) t
(tenseStem pS pS2 pS3 t))))) ;
UnspecificPassiveS anim =>
(directionPrefix d
(indefiniteObjectPrefix (UnspecificDO anim)
(tenseStem pS pS2 pS3 t)))
} ;
tvActiveDerived : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> ActiveDTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tEmOl ->
\\s,o,i,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o i
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s o
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o i
(innerReflexive i
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t))))))))) ;
-- Constructors for intransitive deponents.
ivDeponentActive : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> ActiveIV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo ->
\\s,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))))) ;
ivDeponentImpersonal : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> ImpersonalDepIV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tEmOl ->
let
pS = (passiveStem tEmOl) ;
pS2 = (base2 Tv pS) ;
pS3 = (base3 pS) ;
in
\\d,t =>
(augment t) +
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive ReflexiveDO
(tenseStem pS pS2 pS3 t))) ;
-- Constructors for ditransitives.
dtvActive : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> ActiveDTV =
\b1,b2,b3,b3 ->
\\s,o,i,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o i
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s o i
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o i
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem b1 b2 b3 t)))))))) ;
dtvPassive : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> PassiveDTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tEmOl ->
\\s,o,d,t =>
let
pS = (passiveStem tEmOl) ;
pS2 = (base2 Itv pS) ;
pS3 = (base3 pS) ;
in
(augment t) +
case s of {
InanimatePassiveS =>
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix (SpecificS P3 Sg) ReflexiveDO
("tē" +
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))) ;
AnimatePassiveS pers num =>
let
stem = (subjectPlSuffix (SpecificS pers num) t (tenseStem pS pS2 pS3 t)) ;
in
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix (SpecificS pers num)
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive o
(case o of {UnspecificDO Inanimate => indefiniteObjectPrefix o stem ; _ => stem}))))) ;
UnspecificPassiveS anim =>
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive o
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o (UnspecificIO anim)
(tenseStem pS pS2 pS3 t))))
} ;
dtvHonorific : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> ActiveDTV =
\b1,b2,b3,b4 ->
\\s,o,i,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o i
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s ReflexiveDO
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o i
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem b1 b2 b3 t)))))))) ;
-- Constructors for transitive deponents.
tvDeponentActive : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> ActiveTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo ->
\\s,o,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix s
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))))))) ;
tvDeponentPassive : (b1,b2,b3,b4 : Str) -> PassiveTV =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tEmOl ->
let pS = (passiveStem tEmOl) in
\\s,d,t =>
(augment t) +
case s of {
InanimatePassiveS =>
(directionPrefix d
(reflexivePrefix (SpecificS P3 Sg) ReflexiveDO
("tē" +
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))) ;
AnimatePassiveS pers num =>
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix (SpecificS pers num)
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive ReflexiveDO
(subjectPlSuffix (SpecificS pers num) t
(tenseStem pS pS pS t)))))) ;
UnspecificPassiveS anim =>
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive ReflexiveDO
(indefiniteObjectPrefix (UnspecificDO anim)
(tenseStem pS pS pS t))))
} ;
-- for applicatives and their weird reflexives
tvDeponentDerived : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> AgrS => AgrDO => DirPrefix => TAM => Str =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo ->
\\s,o,d,t =>
(augment t) +
(epenthesis
(subjectPrefix s t
(directObjectPrefix o
(directionPrefix d
(innerReflexive ReflexiveDO
(indefiniteObjectPrefix o
(subjectPlSuffix s t
(tenseStem tEmoa tEmo' tEmo t)))))))) ;
-- Prefix-block morphology.
augment : TAM -> Str =
\t -> case t of {
(Preterite Augmented | Transitory Augmented) => "ō" ;
_ => ""
} ;
subjectPrefix = overload {
subjectPrefix : AgrS -> Str -> Str= defaultSubjectPrefix ;
subjectPrefix : AgrS -> TAM -> Str -> Str =
\s,t,stem ->
case <t,s> of {
<Optative,SpecificS P2 _> => "x" + stem ;
_ => defaultSubjectPrefix s stem
} ;
} ;
defaultSubjectPrefix : AgrS -> Str -> Str =
\s,stem ->
let
context = Predef.take 1 stem ;
prefix =
case s of {
SpecificS P1 Sg => "n" ;
SpecificS P1 Pl => "t" ;
SpecificS P2 Sg => "t" ;
SpecificS P2 Pl => secondPlS context ;
SpecificS P3 _ => ""
} ;
in
prefix + stem ;
reflexivePrefix = overload {
reflexivePrefix : AgrS -> Str -> Str = defaultReflexivePrefix ;
reflexivePrefix : AgrS -> AgrDO -> Str -> Str =
\s,d,stem -> case d of {
ReflexiveDO => defaultReflexivePrefix s stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
reflexivePrefix : AgrS -> AgrDO -> AgrIO -> Str -> Str =
\s,d,i,stem ->
case <i,d> of {
<ReflexiveIO,_> | <_,ReflexiveDO> => defaultReflexivePrefix s stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
} ;
defaultReflexivePrefix : AgrS -> Str -> Str =
\s,stem ->
let
pref = case s of {
SpecificS P1 Sg => "n" ;
SpecificS P1 Pl => "t" ;
_ => "m"
} ;
o = reflexiveO stem ;
in
pref + o + stem ;
innerReflexive = overload {
innerReflexive : AgrIO -> Str -> Str =
\i,stem -> case i of {
ReflexiveIO => defaultInnerReflexive stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
innerReflexive : AgrDO -> Str -> Str =
\o,stem -> case o of {
ReflexiveDO => defaultInnerReflexive stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
} ;
defaultInnerReflexive : Str -> Str =
\stem ->
case stem of {
#glvowel + tOtia => "nè" + tOtia ;
e@("e" | "ē") + hua => "n" + e + hua ;
_ => "ne" + stem
} ;
directObjectPrefix = overload {
directObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> Str -> Str = defaultDirectObjectPrefix ;
directObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> AgrIO -> Str -> Str = ditransitiveDirectObjectPrefix ;
} ;
ditransitiveDirectObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> AgrIO -> Str -> Str =
\o,i,stem ->
case <i,o> of {
<ReflexiveIO,_> |
<SpecificIO P3 Sg,_> |
<SpecificIO P3 Pl,SpecificDO P3 Pl> => defaultDirectObjectPrefix o stem ;
<SpecificIO P3 Pl,UnspecificDO _> => defaultDirectObjectPrefix (SpecificDO P3 Pl) stem ;
<SpecificIO P3 Pl,_> => (defaultDirectObjectPrefix o ((thirdPlO stem) + stem)) ;
<SpecificIO pers num,_> =>
defaultDirectObjectPrefix
(SpecificDO pers num)
(case o of {
SpecificDO P3 Pl => (thirdPlO stem) ;
_ => ""
} + stem) ;
_ => defaultDirectObjectPrefix o stem
} ;
--ditransitiveDirectObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> AgrIO -> Str -> Str =
-- \o,i,stem -> case i of {
-- ReflexiveIO | SpecificIO P3 Sg => defaultDirectObjectPrefix o stem ;
-- SpecificIO P3 Pl =>
-- case o of {
-- UnspecificDO _ => defaultDirectObjectPrefix (SpecificDO P3 Pl) stem ;
-- SpecificDO P3 Pl => defaultDirectObjectPrefix o stem ;
-- _ => (defaultDirectObjectPrefix o ((thirdPlO stem) + stem))
-- } ;
-- SpecificIO pers num =>
-- defaultDirectObjectPrefix
-- (SpecificDO pers num)
-- (case o of {
-- SpecificDO P3 Pl => (thirdPlO stem) ;
-- _ => ""
-- } + stem) ;
-- _ => (defaultDirectObjectPrefix o stem)
-- } ;
defaultDirectObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> Str -> Str =
\o, stem ->
let
context = Predef.take 1 stem ;
pref = case o of {
SpecificDO P1 Sg => "nēch" ;
SpecificDO P1 Pl => "tēch" ;
SpecificDO P2 Sg => "mitz" ;
SpecificDO P2 Pl => "amēch" ;
SpecificDO P3 Sg => object3sg context ;
SpecificDO P3 Pl => "qu" + (thirdPlO context) ;
_ => ""
} ;
in
pref + stem ;
thirdPlO : Str -> Str = \s ->
let
f = Predef.take 1 s ;
in
case f of {
"p" | "m" | #vowel | #glvowel => "im" ;
_ => "in"
} ;
indefiniteObjectPrefix = overload {
indefiniteObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> Str -> Str =
\o,stem -> case o of {
UnspecificDO Animate => "tē" + stem ;
UnspecificDO Inanimate => (tla stem) ;
_ => stem
} ;
indefiniteObjectPrefix : AgrDO -> AgrIO -> Str -> Str =
\d,i,stem -> case d of {
(UnspecificDO Inanimate) =>
case i of {
(UnspecificIO Animate) => "tē" + (tla stem) ;
(UnspecificIO Inanimate) => (tla stem) ;
_ => (tla stem)
} ;
(UnspecificDO Animate) =>
case i of {
(UnspecificIO _) => "tē" + stem ;
_ => "tē" + stem
} ;
_ =>
case i of {
(UnspecificIO Animate) => "tē" + stem ;
(UnspecificIO Inanimate) => (tla stem) ;
_ => stem
}
} ;
} ;
tla : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
"i" + tta => "tla" + tta ;
"ì" + toa => "tlà" + toa ;
_ => "tla" + s
} ;
impersonalSubjPrefix : ImpersonalS -> Str =
\is -> case is of {
UnspecificS Inanimate => "tla" ;
_ => ""
} ;
directionPrefix : DirPrefix -> Str -> Str =
\d,stem ->
case d of {
Direction Toward => "huāl" + (case stem of {"y" + x => "l" + x ; _ => stem }) ;
Direction Away => "on" + stem ;
_ => stem
} ;
-- Stem morphology.
tenseStem : (b1,b2,b3 : Str) -> TAM -> Str =
\tEmoa,tEmo',tEmo,tam ->
case tam of {
Present => tEmoa ;
Preterite _ => (preteriteStem tEmo') ;
Imperfect => (stemLengthening tEmoa) + "ya" ;
Normative => (stemLengthening tEmoa) + "ni" ;
Transitory _ => tEmo' + "ca" ;
Vetative => (vetativeStem tEmo') ;
Future => (shortStemLengthening tEmo) + "z" ;
Counterfactual => (shortStemLengthening tEmo) + "zquia" ;
Optative => tEmo ;
Directional _ _ => tEmo +
case tam of {
Directional Toward Imperfective => "quiuh" ;
Directional Toward Perfective => "co" ;
Directional Toward OptativeStatus => "qui" ;
Directional Away Imperfective => "tīuh" ;
Directional Away Perfective => "to" ;
Directional Away OptativeStatus => "ti" ;
_ => ""
}
} ;
subjectPlSuffix : AgrS -> TAM -> Str -> Str =
\s,t,stem ->
let
fixed = fixFinal stem ;
in
case s of {
SpecificS _ Pl =>
case t of {
Vetative => vetativeSubjPl stem ;
Future => stem + "quê" ;
Preterite _ => preteriteSubjPl stem ;
Optative => (shortStemLengthening stem) + "cān" ;
Directional _ _ => directionalSubjPl stem ;
_ => (glottalSubjPl stem)
} ;
_ => fixed
} ;
-- Helper functions for phrasal combination.
handleNumber : Number -> Animacy -> Number =
\n,a ->
case <n,a> of {
<Pl,Animate> => Pl ;
_ => Sg
} ;
conjAnimacy : Animacy -> Animacy -> Animacy =
\a,b ->
case <a,b> of {<Animate,Animate> => Animate; _ => Inanimate} ;
conjNumber : Number -> Number -> Number =
\m,n ->
case <m,n> of {<Pl,Pl> => Pl; _ => Sg} ;
conjPerson : Person -> Person -> Person =
\p,q ->
case <p,q> of {
<P1,_> | <_,P1> => P1 ;
<P2,_> | <_,P2> => P2 ;
_ => P3
} ;
conjSpecificity : Specificity -> Specificity -> Specificity =
\s,t ->
case <s,t> of {<Specific,_> | <_,Specific> => Specific; _ => Unspecific} ;
-- The phonology.
vowel : pattern Str =
#("a" | "ā" | "e" | "ē" | "o" | "ō" | "i" | "ī" |
"á" | "é" | "í" | "ó" | "ú") ; -- non-native
glvowel : pattern Str =
#("à" | "â" | "è" | "ê" | "ì" | "î" | "ò" | "ô") ;
frontvowel : pattern Str =
#("e" | "ē" | "è" | "ê" |
"i" | "ī" | "ì" | "î") ;
longvowel : pattern Str =
#("ā" | "ē" | "ī" | "ō") ;
cons : pattern Str =
#("p" | "t" | "qu" | "c" | "tz" | "ch" | "tl" | "cu" |
"uc" | "m" | "n" | "s" | "z" | "x" | "y" | "hu" | "uh" | "l" |
"b" | "d" | "f" | "g" | "h" | "j" | "k" | "r" | "v" ) ; -- non-native
nonlab : pattern Str =
#("t" | "qu" | "q" | "c" | "tz" | "ch" | "tl" | "cu" |
"uc" | "n" | "s" | "z" | "x" | "y" | "hu" | "h" | "uh" | "l" ) ;
dicons : pattern Str =
#("qu" | "tz" | "ch" | "tl" | "cu" | "uc" | "hu" | "uh") ;
-- rules for possessed noun forms
possStem : Animacy -> Str -> Str = \a,s ->
case s of {
v@(#vowel) + "tl" => v + "uh" ;
vc@((#vowel + #cons) | #glvowel) + "tli" => vc + "hui" ;
vccv@(#vowel + #cons + #cons + #vowel) + "tl" => vccv + "uh" ;
vcv@(#vowel + #cons + #vowel) + "tl" => vcv + "uh" ;
pref + vc@(#vowel + ("qui" | "ti" | "chi")) + "tl" => pref + vc + "uh" ;
pref + v@(#vowel) + cv@("ca" | "qui") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + v + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + v + "c"
} ;
pref + c@(#cons) + cv@("ca" | "qui") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + c + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + c + "qui"
} ;
pref + v@(#vowel) + cv@("hua" | "hui") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + v + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + v + "uh"
} ;
pref + c@(#cons) + cv@("hua" | "hui") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + c + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + c + "hui"
} ;
pref + v@(#vowel) + cv@("ma" | "mi") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + v + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + v + "n"
} ;
pref + c@(#cons) + cv@("ma" | "mi") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + c + cv + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + c + "mi"
} ;
pref + v@(#vowel) + c@(#cons) + v2@("a" | "i") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + v + c + v2 + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + v + c
} ;
pref + c@(#cons) + c2@(#cons) + v2@("a" | "i") + "tl" =>
case a of {
Animate => pref + c + c2 + v2 + "uh" ;
Inanimate => pref + c + c2 + "i"
} ;
cu + v@("ā" | "ē") + "itl" => cu + v ;
cal + ("li" | "in" | "tli") => cal ;
te + "tl" => te + "uh" ;
chich + i@(#vowel) => chich + i + "uh"
} ;
possPl : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
chichi + "uh" => chichi + "huān" ;
_ => s + "huān"
} ;
-- the stem formation rules
base2 : Transitivity -> Str -> Str = \t,s ->
case s of {
_ + #vowel + "tla" => s ;
_ + #vowel + "ca" => s ;
e + "hua" =>
case t of {
Itv => e + "hua" ;
_ => e + "uh"
} ;
xi + "m" + ("a" | "i") => xi + "n" ;
huEyi + "ya" =>
case t of {
Itv => (s | huEyi + "x") ; -- Launey p. 73
_ => huEyi + "x"
} ;
aa + "yi" => aa + "x" ;
i't + "oa" => i't + "ò" ;
ilp + "ia" => ilp + "ì" ;
pan + "o" => pan + "ō" ;
m + i@(#vowel) + "qui" => m + i + "c" ;
c + o@(#vowel) + ch@(#cons) + ("i" | "a") => c + o + ch ;
_ => s
} ;
base3 : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
tlAl + "ia" => tlAl + "i" ;
i't + "oa" => i't + "o" ;
_ => s
} ;
base4 : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
te + ("qui" | "ca") => te + "c" ;
palEhu + "ia" => palEhu + "īl" ;
i't + "oa" => i't + "ōl" ;
aa + ("na" | "ni") => (aa + "n" | s + "l") ;
tlA + ("ci" | "za") => ( tlA + "x" | s + "l") ;
_ => (base3 s) + "l"
} ;
causativeStem : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
chol + "oa" => chol + "ōl" ;
mi + ("qui" | "ca") => mi + "c" ;
m + a@(#longvowel) + ("hui" | "hua") => m + a + "uh" ;
tlAhu + a@(#longvowel) + ("n" | "m") + #vowel => tlAhu + a + "n" ;
nE + ("ci" | "za") => nE + "x" ;
ilO + "ti" => ilO + "ch" ;
yOl + "i" => yOl + "ī" ;
quE + "m" => quE + "n" ;
_ => s
} + "tia" ;
applicativeStem : Str -> Str = \s ->
case s of {
cu@(#cons | "") + a@(#vowel) => cu + (lengthen a) ;
palEhu + "ia" => palEhu + "ī" ;