function as name of specific objects or sets of objects: "number", "number", "triangle", "triangle", ...;
- verbs convey actions, occurrences or states of being; as mathematics is mainly static, the static use is prominent: "f vanishes", "m divides n", ... ;
- adjectives are used to modify nouns: "positive number", "complex root", ...;
- similarly adverbs are used to modify verbs: "f vanishes everywhere";
- pronouns are abbreviations for nouns or noun phrases; since identifying the referent of a pronoun may be ambiguous ("A farmer has a donkey. He beats it."), mathematics often uses (sambolic) variables and constants to denote nouns;
- prepositions are frequently used in mathematics: "an element of x", "x lies above y", ...;
- in mathematics, conjunctions like "and" and "or" have exact logical meanings;