Python-02.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Three-Way Decisions\n",
    "----------------------\n",
    "if, elif, else"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "its cool\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t=0\n",
    "\n",
    "if t > 60:\n",
    "    print('its very hot')\n",
    "elif t > 50:\n",
    "    print('its hot')\n",
    "elif t > 40:\n",
    "    print('its warm')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('its cool')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "its very hot\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t=55\n",
    "\n",
    "if t > 40:\n",
    "    print('its very hot')\n",
    "elif t > 50:\n",
    "    print('its hot')\n",
    "elif t > 60:\n",
    "    print('its warm')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('its cool')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "S be carefull!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "while Loop\n",
    "-----------"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i=0\n",
    "while i<10:\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    i+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Queez\n",
    "------\n",
    "Once upon a time, there was king, who wanted lots of soldiers. So he commanded every couple in the country to have children, until their first dauter born. Then the family is banned from having any more child.\n",
    "What will be the ratio of boy/girls in this country?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.5002498750624688\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from random import randint\n",
    "\n",
    "children = 0\n",
    "boy = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(10000):\n",
    "    gender = randint(0,1) # boy=1, girl=0\n",
    "    children += 1\n",
    "    while gender != 0:\n",
    "        boy += gender\n",
    "        gender = randint(0,1)\n",
    "        children += 1\n",
    "print(boy/children)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Control Statments\n",
    "--------------------\n",
    "break, continue and pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    if i == 5:\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "1\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "2\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "3\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "4\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "5\n",
      "Hey\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    if i > 5:\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    print(\"Hey\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def func():\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "func()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "tuple\n",
    "------\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 126,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = (0,1,'test')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 129,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(0, 1, 'test')\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-129-98ddcef64135>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(t)\n",
    "t[0]=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1,)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1,)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Dictionaries\n",
    "--------------\n",
    "items get keys pop update values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'family name': 'Seyed-allaei', 0: 12, 'name': 'Hamed', 'a': ''}\n",
      "Hamed\n",
      "12\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = {}\n",
    "d['name'] = 'Hamed'\n",
    "d['family name'] = 'Seyed-allaei'\n",
    "d[0]=12\n",
    "d['a']=''\n",
    "print(d)\n",
    "print(d['name'])\n",
    "print(d[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 140,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "family name Seyed-allaei\n",
      "0 12\n",
      "name Hamed\n",
      "a \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i,j in d.items():\n",
    "    print(i,j)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "set\n",
    "---\n",
    "in, not in, len(), ==, !=, <=, <, |, &, -, ^"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 145,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'a', 'c', 'b'} {'d', 'e', 'c'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = set(['c', 'a','b','b'])\n",
    "b = set(['c', 'd','e'])\n",
    "print(a,b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 151,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 151,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a | b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'c'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 153,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a & b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 155,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a', 'b'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 155,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a - b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 157,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'d', 'e'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 157,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b - a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 158,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a', 'b', 'd', 'e'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 158,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a ^ b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "List comprehention\n",
    "---------------------\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 161,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = []\n",
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    l.append(i*i)\n",
    "print(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 167,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 167,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i*i for i in range(10)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 169,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 169,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{i:i**2 for i in range(10)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Generators\n",
    "-----------\n",
    "next()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 189,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "generator"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 189,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def myrange(n):\n",
    "    i = 0\n",
    "    while i < n:\n",
    "        yield i\n",
    "        yield i**2\n",
    "        i+=1\n",
    "        \n",
    "x = myrange(10)\n",
    "type(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 202,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 202,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 203,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 9, 4, 16, 5, 25, 6, 36, 7, 49, 8, 64, 9, 81]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 203,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i for i in myrange(10)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in myrange(10):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Fibonacci\n",
    "----------\n",
    "This time as a generator.\n",
    "![Fibonacci](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Fibonacci_spiral_34.svg)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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