sources.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "131072"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import csv\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import sys\n",
    "import operator\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from collections import defaultdict, Counter\n",
    "\n",
    "csv.field_size_limit(sys.maxsize)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[('Al Ameer son', -681), ('Sindinero', -245), ('Patrick-Eisenhower', -232), ('Dr. Blofeld', -174), ('12.32.210.41', -120), ('Russiansoul', -115), ('JaapBoBo', -110), ('Conversion script', -106), ('Huldra', -104), ('D6', -103)]\n",
      "[('Davejohnsan', 189), ('Tewfik', 220), ('68.6.227.26', 225), ('Gilabrand', 237), ('Wikifan12345', 257), ('Jalapenos do exist', 298), ('Reenem', 385), ('AntiVandalBot', 639), ('ClueBot NG', 707), ('ClueBot', 1728)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Get editor citations from accumulated csv\n",
    "csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wikipedia/data/article_source_biases.csv'\n",
    "\n",
    "editor_citations = defaultdict(int)\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(csvpath, 'r') as csvfile:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')\n",
    "    next(reader)\n",
    "    prev_isr = 0\n",
    "    prev_pal = 0\n",
    "    prev_artname = ''\n",
    "    for i, row in enumerate(reader):\n",
    "        artname = row[0]\n",
    "        if artname == prev_artname:\n",
    "            editor = row[2]\n",
    "            isrc = int(row[3])\n",
    "            palc = int(row[4])\n",
    "            neutc = int(row[5])\n",
    "            change_val = (isrc - prev_isr) - (palc - prev_pal)\n",
    "            editor_citations[editor] += change_val\n",
    "            #print(i, ts, len(citations), 'i:{:d}'.format(len(isrc)), 'p:{:d}'.format(len(palc)), 'n:{:d}'.format(len(neutc)), editor)\n",
    "            prev_isr = isrc\n",
    "            prev_pal = palc\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            prev_artname = artname\n",
    "\n",
    "sorted_editor_citations = sorted(editor_citations.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1))\n",
    "print(sorted_editor_citations[:10])\n",
    "print(sorted_editor_citations[-10:])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-04 05:05:14', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-04 05:05:57', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-08 06:20:21', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-08 06:23:07', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-08 06:25:33', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-08 15:03:27', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-08 15:04:51', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-06-10 16:18:39', 'Joshdboz', '0', '0'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2006-07-23 02:20:29', 'El C', '0', '1'],\n",
       " ['101 Squadron (Israel)', '2007-03-01 11:14:07', 'Treygregscott12', '0', '0']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Append revert information to citation bias csv\n",
    "revert_csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wikipedia/data/article_bias_reverts.tsv'\n",
    "revert_lines = []\n",
    "    \n",
    "with open(revert_csvpath, 'r') as f:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(f)\n",
    "    next(reader)\n",
    "    for row in reader:\n",
    "        article = row[0]\n",
    "        ts = row[1]\n",
    "        editor = row[2]\n",
    "        rv_comment = row[-2]\n",
    "        rv = row[-1]\n",
    "        revert_lines.append([article, ts, editor, rv_comment, rv])\n",
    "\n",
    "revert_lines[:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-15 17:37:38',\n",
       "  'Fat pig73',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-15 17:38:34',\n",
       "  'Fat pig73',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-24 17:20:49',\n",
       "  'Delirium',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-24 17:21:16',\n",
       "  'Delirium',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-02-19 14:18:46',\n",
       "  'Marcika',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wikipedia/data/article_source_biases.csv'\n",
    "new_csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wikipedia/data/article_source_bias_reverts.csv'\n",
    "article_biaslines = []\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(csvpath, 'r') as f:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(f)\n",
    "    next(reader)\n",
    "    for row in reader:\n",
    "        article_biaslines.append(row)\n",
    "\n",
    "article_biaslines[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-15 17:37:38',\n",
       "  'Fat pig73',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-15 17:38:34',\n",
       "  'Fat pig73',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-24 17:20:49',\n",
       "  'Delirium',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2005-12-24 17:21:16',\n",
       "  'Delirium',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-02-19 14:18:46',\n",
       "  'Marcika',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-02-19 22:05:17',\n",
       "  '64.229.29.165',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-02-19 22:05:42',\n",
       "  '64.229.29.165',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-08-15 23:53:11',\n",
       "  'Altake',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-08-16 09:33:02',\n",
       "  'Amalas',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0'],\n",
       " ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization',\n",
       "  '2006-09-05 20:17:49',\n",
       "  '152.163.100.134',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0',\n",
       "  '0']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bias_reverts[:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-14-ffa4ef8e4a9c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1000\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'k'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrevert_lines\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 7\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m\u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      8\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mbias_reverts\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      9\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mbreak\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bias_reverts = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for i, r in enumerate(article_biaslines):\n",
    "    if i % 1000 == 0:\n",
    "        print(i/1000,'k')\n",
    "    for p in revert_lines:\n",
    "        if r[0] == p[0] and r[1] == p[1] and r[2]==p[2]:\n",
    "            bias_reverts.append(r + [p[-2], p[-1]])\n",
    "            break\n",
    "                \n",
    "print(len(article_biaslines))\n",
    "print(len(revert_lines))\n",
    "print(len(bias_reverts))\n",
    "print(bias_reverts[:10])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "448444"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
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     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-16-8f5b366fd0fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1000\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'k'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrevert_lines\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 6\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m\u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      7\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mbias_reverts\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      8\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mbreak\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(448444, len(article_biaslines)):\n",
    "    r = article_biaslines[i]\n",
    "    if i % 1000 == 0:\n",
    "        print(i/1000,'k')\n",
    "    for p in revert_lines:\n",
    "        if r[0] == p[0] and r[1] == p[1] and r[2]==p[2]:\n",
    "            bias_reverts.append(r + [p[-2], p[-1]])\n",
    "            break\n",
    "                \n",
    "print(len(article_biaslines))\n",
    "print(len(revert_lines))\n",
    "print(len(bias_reverts))\n",
    "print(bias_reverts[:10])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "512350"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "512350"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(bias_reverts)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
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      "[['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2005-12-15 17:37:38', 'Fat pig73', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2005-12-15 17:38:34', 'Fat pig73', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2005-12-24 17:20:49', 'Delirium', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2005-12-24 17:21:16', 'Delirium', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-02-19 14:18:46', 'Marcika', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-02-19 22:05:17', '64.229.29.165', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-02-19 22:05:42', '64.229.29.165', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-08-15 23:53:11', 'Altake', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-08-16 09:33:02', 'Amalas', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization', '2006-09-05 20:17:49', '152.163.100.134', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(512350, len(article_biaslines)):\n",
    "    r = article_biaslines[i]\n",
    "    if i % 1000 == 0:\n",
    "        print(i/1000,'k')\n",
    "    for p in revert_lines:\n",
    "        if r[0] == p[0] and r[1] == p[1] and r[2]==p[2]:\n",
    "            bias_reverts.append(r + [p[-2], p[-1]])\n",
    "            break\n",
    "                \n",
    "print(len(article_biaslines))\n",
    "print(len(revert_lines))\n",
    "print(len(bias_reverts))\n",
    "print(bias_reverts[:10])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Save bias and reverts together\n",
    "br_csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/citation_reverts.csv'\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(br_csvpath, 'w') as cr:\n",
    "    writer = csv.writer(cr)\n",
    "    writer.writerows(bias_reverts)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "nonzero editors/article editors 8408/232332 (0.036190)\n",
      "nonzero editors/talk editors 5075/6605 (0.768357)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# See how many editors' citation bias is 0 compared to article editors and talk page editors\n",
    "n_editors = len(set([name for name, val in sorted_editor_citations]))\n",
    "\n",
    "nonzero_editors = [name for name, val in sorted_editor_citations if val != 0]\n",
    "n_nonzero_editors = len([name for name, val in sorted_editor_citations if val != 0])\n",
    "print('nonzero editors/article editors {:d}/{:d} ({:2f})'.format(n_nonzero_editors, n_editors, n_nonzero_editors*1.0/n_editors))\n",
    "\n",
    "# Talk page usernames\n",
    "csvpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wikipedia/data/ipc_utf8_talkpages.csv'\n",
    "talk_username_mentions = []\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(csvpath, 'r') as csvfile:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')\n",
    "    for row in reader:\n",
    "        talk_username_mentions.append(row[3])\n",
    "\n",
    "talk_counter = Counter(talk_username_mentions)\n",
    "n_talkeds = len(talk_counter)\n",
    "\n",
    "# See how many nonzero editors are in the talk pages\n",
    "nonzero_talkeds = [name for name, val in sorted_editor_citations if name in talk_counter.keys()]\n",
    "      \n",
    "print('nonzero editors/talk editors {:d}/{:d} ({:2f})'.format(len(nonzero_talkeds), n_talkeds, len(nonzero_talkeds)*1.0/n_talkeds))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py:387: UserWarning: matplotlib is currently using a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure\n",
      "  \"matplotlib is currently using a non-GUI backend, \"\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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0HSLpaJrf3yxgV5oxmv5YgsrF5dPpauAUSecCX7e9XNKLgC8NDQxo+7dqXnO6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\nvucAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fe3bd9eb400>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "# See distribution of all users' bias based on citation bias\n",
    "counts = np.asarray([val for name, val in sorted_editor_citations if val != 0])\n",
    "plt.hist(counts, bins=range(min(counts), max(counts) + 1, 1))\n",
    "plt.title(\"IPC article editor citation bias\")\n",
    "plt.xlabel(\"bias score (Pal=-, Israeli=+)\")\n",
    "plt.ylabel(\"# users\")\n",
    "plt.xlim(-50,50)\n",
    "fig = plt.gcf()\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig.savefig('/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/article_editor_citation_bias.png', dpi=400)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\\{\\{((?:c|C)ite(?:\\ |_)(?:book|journal|news|web).*?)\\}\\}|(<ref(?: name=.*?)?(?: ?\\/>|>.*?<\\/ref>))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = [r'\\{\\{((?:c|C)ite(?:\\ |_)(?:book|journal|news|web).*?)\\}\\}']\n",
    "p.append(r'(<ref(?: name=.*?)?(?: ?\\/>|>.*?<\\/ref>))') # Probably would only need this one, but doesn't seem to double-count with line above\n",
    "p.append(r'(<ref(?: name=.*?)?(?:\\/?>|>.*?<\\/ref>))') # Makes <ref name=\"\"> /> tag optional\n",
    "wpsrc_regex = r'|'.join(p)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(wpsrc_regex)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_citations(intext):\n",
    "    # p0 = r'TEMPLATE\\[((?:c|C)ite(?:\\ |_)(?:book|journal|news|web).*?)\\]'\n",
    "    #p1 = r'|\\{\\{(cite (?:book|journal|news|web).*?=\\ )'\n",
    "    #p.append(r'(<ref(?: name=.*?)?>.*?<\\/ref>)') # Probably would only need this one, but doesn't seem to double-count with line above\n",
    "    totalp = wpsrc_regex\n",
    "    citations = []\n",
    "    for citation in re.findall(totalp, intext):\n",
    "        for part in citation:\n",
    "            if part != '':\n",
    "                citations.append(part)\n",
    "    return citations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def classify_citations(citations):\n",
    "    isr_srcs = [['Jerusalem Post', 'jpost'],\n",
    "                    ['Jewish Virtual Library', 'jewishvirtuallibrary'],\n",
    "                    ['Aloni Shlomo', 'Shlomo'],\n",
    "                    ['Avraham Sela', 'Sela'],\n",
    "                    ['Anti-Defamation League', 'adl'],\n",
    "                ['Menachem Klein', 'Klein', 'klein'],\n",
    "                ['gov.il'],\n",
    "                ['Jewish Journal', 'jewishjournal'],\n",
    "                ['Ynetnews', 'ynetnews'],\n",
    "                ['Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center', 'terrorism-info.org.il', 'intelligence.org.il']\n",
    "                ]\n",
    "    pal_srcs = [[\"Ma'an\", 'Maan'],\n",
    "                [\"Finkelstein\"],\n",
    "                [\"Human Rights Watch\", 'hrw.org'],\n",
    "               [\"Amnesty International\"],\n",
    "               [\"Edward Said\", \"Said\"],\n",
    "               [\"B'Tselem\", 'btselem'],\n",
    "               ['Al-haq', 'alhaq'],\n",
    "                ['Foundation for Middle East Peace', 'fmep'],\n",
    "                ['Qumsiyeh', 'qumsiyeh'],\n",
    "                ['Palestine Monitor', 'palestinemonitor'],\n",
    "                ['Anti-War.com', 'anti-war.com'],\n",
    "                ['Al-Ahram', 'al-ahram']\n",
    "               ]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    isr_citations = []\n",
    "    pal_citations = []\n",
    "    neutral_citations = []\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for citation in citations:\n",
    "        isr_match = False\n",
    "        pal_match = False\n",
    "    \n",
    "        for isr_src in isr_srcs:\n",
    "            if any(name in citation for name in isr_src):\n",
    "                isr_match = True\n",
    "                break\n",
    "        for pal_src in pal_srcs:\n",
    "            if any(name in citation for name in pal_src):\n",
    "                pal_match = True\n",
    "                break\n",
    "        if isr_match and pal_match:\n",
    "            neutral_citations.append(citation)\n",
    "        elif isr_match:\n",
    "            isr_citations.append(citation)\n",
    "        elif pal_match:\n",
    "            pal_citations.append(citation)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            neutral_citations.append(citation)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return (isr_citations, pal_citations, neutral_citations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Get citations for raw revisions, construct csv with citation bias values\n",
    "\n",
    "rawdirpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/extract/extract_articles/ipc_articles_raw/'\n",
    "#rawpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/extract/extract_articles/ipc_articles_raw/second_intifada.tsv'\n",
    "srcpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/article_source_biases.csv'\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(srcpath, 'w') as out:\n",
    "    writer = csv.writer(out, quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)\n",
    "    writer.writerow(['article_name', 'timestamp', 'editor', 'israeli_citations', 'palestinian_citations', 'neutral_citations'])\n",
    "    \n",
    "for p in os.listdir(rawdirpath):\n",
    "    art_info = []\n",
    "    rawpath = os.path.join(rawdirpath, p)\n",
    "    with open(rawpath, 'r') as rawfile:\n",
    "        reader = csv.reader(rawfile, delimiter='\\t')\n",
    "        for i, row in enumerate(reader):\n",
    "            art_name = row[0]\n",
    "            ts = row[1]\n",
    "            text = row[2]\n",
    "            editor = row[3]\n",
    "            citations = get_citations(text)\n",
    "            n_isr = 0\n",
    "            n_pal = 0\n",
    "            n_neut = 0\n",
    "            if len(citations) > 0:\n",
    "                isrc, palc, neutc = classify_citations(citations)\n",
    "                n_isr, n_pal, n_neut = len(isrc), len(palc), len(neutc)\n",
    "            art_info.append([art_name, ts, editor, n_isr, n_pal, n_neut])\n",
    "    #print(art_info[:20])\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Write csv\n",
    "    with open(srcpath, 'a') as out:\n",
    "        writer = csv.writer(out, quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)\n",
    "        writer.writerows(art_info)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tasc 1\n",
      "Tasc 2\n",
      "Tasc 3\n",
      "Tasc 1\n",
      "Tasc 2\n",
      "Tasc 1\n",
      "Tasc 0\n",
      "81.103.144.65 1\n",
      "Swatjester -1\n",
      "ShalomShlomo 1\n",
      "63.246.182.108 -1\n",
      "85.250.77.62 1\n",
      "85.250.77.62 0\n",
      "Shamir1 -1\n",
      "Shamir1 0\n",
      "Timeshifter -1\n",
      "Tewfik 1\n",
      "Timeshifter -2\n",
      "Tewfik 2\n",
      "Timeshifter -3\n",
      "Humus sapiens 1\n",
      "Timeshifter -4\n",
      "Tewfik 3\n",
      "Timeshifter -5\n",
      "Tewfik 4\n",
      "Timeshifter -6\n",
      "Humus sapiens 2\n",
      "Timeshifter -7\n",
      "Oneworld25 -1\n",
      "Oneworld25 0\n",
      "Tewfik 5\n",
      "Bless sins -1\n",
      "Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg 1\n",
      "Bless sins -2\n",
      "Tewfik 6\n",
      "65.244.131.148 1\n",
      "Timeshifter -8\n",
      "Tewfik 5\n",
      "AAA765 1\n",
      "Humus sapiens 1\n",
      "Abu ali 1\n",
      "Humus sapiens 0\n",
      "Abu ali 2\n",
      "Karl Meier -1\n",
      "El C 1\n",
      "Tewfik 4\n",
      "AAA765 2\n",
      "6SJ7 -1\n",
      "Timeshifter -9\n",
      "Tewfik 5\n",
      "Timeshifter -10\n",
      "Tewfik 6\n",
      "Timeshifter -11\n",
      "Armon 1\n",
      "G-Dett -1\n",
      "Armon 2\n",
      "G-Dett -2\n",
      "Armon 3\n",
      "Timeshifter -12\n",
      "Tewfik 7\n",
      "G-Dett -3\n",
      "Tewfik 8\n",
      "Timeshifter -13\n",
      "Armon 4\n",
      "Timeshifter -14\n",
      "Tewfik 9\n",
      "Timeshifter -15\n",
      "Timeshifter -16\n",
      "Armon 5\n",
      "Armon 4\n",
      "Michael Safyan -1\n",
      "Gatoclass 1\n",
      "Tewfik 8\n",
      "Gatoclass 2\n",
      "Tewfik 7\n",
      "Gatoclass 3\n",
      "Timeshifter -17\n",
      "Armon 5\n",
      "Tewfik 6\n",
      "Michael Safyan -2\n",
      "Armon 6\n",
      "Timeshifter -18\n",
      "Armon 7\n",
      "Gatoclass 1\n",
      "Armon 9\n",
      "Gatoclass -1\n",
      "Armon 11\n",
      "Gatoclass -3\n",
      "Armon 13\n",
      "Armon 11\n",
      "Tewfik 8\n",
      "Eleland -2\n",
      "Armon 13\n",
      "Armon 11\n",
      "Timeshifter -17\n",
      "Tiamut -1\n",
      "Tewfik 9\n",
      "Tiamut -2\n",
      "Tewfik 10\n",
      "Amaliq -1\n",
      "Tewfik 11\n",
      "Timeshifter -18\n",
      "Jaakobou 1\n",
      "Eleland -3\n",
      "Jaakobou 2\n",
      "Eleland -4\n",
      "Tewfik 12\n",
      "Tiamut -3\n",
      "Armon 12\n",
      "Timeshifter -19\n",
      "Armon 13\n",
      "Timeshifter -20\n",
      "Armon 14\n",
      "Timeshifter -21\n",
      "Armon 15\n",
      "Timeshifter -22\n",
      "Armon 16\n",
      "Tiamut -4\n",
      "Jaakobou 3\n",
      "Timeshifter -23\n",
      "Jaakobou 4\n",
      "Tiamut -5\n",
      "Eternalsleeper 1\n",
      "Timeshifter -24\n",
      "Jaakobou 5\n",
      "Tiamut -6\n",
      "Jaakobou 6\n",
      "Tiamut -7\n",
      "Jaakobou 7\n",
      "Suladna -1\n",
      "Eternalsleeper 2\n",
      "Timeshifter -25\n",
      "Jaakobou 8\n",
      "Timeshifter -23\n",
      "Timeshifter -25\n",
      "Tiamut -8\n",
      "Michael Safyan -1\n",
      "Bless sins -3\n",
      "Michael Safyan 0\n",
      "Al Ameer son -1\n",
      "Michael Safyan 1\n",
      "Bless sins -4\n",
      "Michael Safyan 2\n",
      "Michael Safyan 1\n",
      "62.219.112.203 1\n",
      "El C 0\n",
      "62.219.112.203 2\n",
      "Al Ameer son -2\n",
      "71.10.234.167 1\n",
      "Tiamut -9\n",
      "76.161.104.98 1\n",
      "ClueBot -1\n",
      "Eleland -2\n",
      "DumZiBoT -1\n",
      "Nishidani 1\n",
      "Nishidani 2\n",
      "Nishidani 3\n",
      "Jaakobou 5\n",
      "Nishidani 1\n",
      "Nishidani 3\n",
      "Nishidani 6\n",
      "Michael Safyan 3\n",
      "Nishidani 8\n",
      "Number 57 1\n",
      "Michael Safyan 2\n",
      "Timeshifter -24\n",
      "Timeshifter -23\n",
      "Timeshifter -24\n",
      "Timeshifter -25\n",
      "Timeshifter -24\n",
      "Jayjg -1\n",
      "CasualObserver\\'48 1\n",
      "Jayjg -2\n",
      "Michael Safyan 3\n",
      "Timeshifter -26\n",
      "Timeshifter -24\n",
      "Jayjg -4\n",
      "Timeshifter -22\n",
      "Jayjg -6\n",
      "Timeshifter -20\n",
      "Nishidani 6\n",
      "Jayjg -4\n",
      "Nishidani 4\n",
      "Timeshifter -19\n",
      "Timeshifter -18\n",
      "Timeshifter -20\n",
      "Michael Safyan 7\n",
      "Timeshifter -21\n",
      "Jayjg -3\n",
      "PDFbot -1\n",
      "Dispenser -3\n",
      "Jersay 2\n",
      "Jersay 1\n",
      "BobaFett85 1\n",
      "BobaFett85 0\n",
      "BobaFett85 -1\n",
      "Jayjg -4\n",
      "BobaFett85 0\n",
      "BobaFett85 -1\n",
      "Dirtymex007 7\n",
      "ClueBot -8\n",
      "Kadaveri 1\n",
      "80.81.159.18 1\n",
      "DMacks -1\n",
      "GHcool 1\n",
      "79.176.108.227 -1\n",
      "VeritasE14 -6\n",
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      "Authoritative 5\n",
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      "Ezzex 1\n",
      "Str1977 -1\n",
      "Wikifan12345 1\n",
      "AMuseo 1\n",
      "Jiujitsuguy 1\n",
      "Ezzex 0\n",
      "Plot Spoiler 1\n",
      "Ezzex -1\n",
      "Jiujitsuguy 2\n",
      "Ezzex -2\n",
      "Shuki 1\n",
      "Ezzex -3\n",
      "108.14.194.76 1\n",
      "Ezzex -4\n",
      "Jiujitsuguy 3\n",
      "Reenem 1\n",
      "Reenem 2\n",
      "AndresHerutJaim -1\n",
      "128.40.128.150 -1\n",
      "Whatchacallme 1\n",
      "Whatchacallme 2\n",
      "Whatchacallme 3\n",
      "Whatchacallme 4\n",
      "Whatchacallme 5\n",
      "Whatchacallme 6\n",
      "Whatchacallme 7\n",
      "Nableezy -7\n",
      "OreL.D 1\n",
      "Sean.hoyland -1\n",
      "Marokwitz 1\n",
      "Marokwitz 0\n",
      "Marokwitz 1\n",
      "92.14.108.192 -1\n",
      "AndresHerutJaim 0\n",
      "92.14.107.133 -1\n",
      "AndresHerutJaim 1\n",
      "Ohconfucius 1\n",
      "Icalouse -1\n",
      "Jiujitsuguy 4\n",
      "182.185.57.147 -2\n",
      "Brewcrewer 2\n",
      "182.185.60.128 -1\n",
      "182.185.60.128 -2\n",
      "182.185.60.128 -1\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 1\n",
      "182.185.60.128 -4\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 4\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -1\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 5\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -7\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 11\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -9\n",
      "Jackfork 2\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -8\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 10\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -10\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 12\n",
      "182.185.4.173 -9\n",
      "The Mark of the Beast 11\n",
      "96.60.170.188 1\n",
      "Iloveandrea -1\n",
      "96.60.170.188 2\n",
      "96.60.170.188 3\n",
      "Sean.hoyland -2\n",
      "Piz d\\'Es-Cha 1\n",
      "Nishidani 3\n",
      "Dlv999 -1\n",
      "Dlv999 -2\n",
      "Dlv999 -1\n",
      "96.60.169.178 1\n",
      "Sean.hoyland -3\n",
      "Iloveandrea -2\n",
      "Iloveandrea -3\n",
      "Iloveandrea -4\n",
      "Iloveandrea -2\n",
      "Dlv999 -2\n",
      "Tutangamon 1\n",
      "Dlv999 -3\n",
      "Tutangamon 2\n",
      "87.66.161.203 -1\n",
      "Jiujitsuguy 5\n",
      "Jprg1966 -1\n",
      "Zahav511 1\n",
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      "2602:304:6F4B:6949:884B:1D6E:F6BE:904C -1\n",
      "2602:304:6F4B:6949:884B:1D6E:F6BE:904C 2\n",
      "2602:304:6F4B:6949:AC60:4E54:BDBB:6F57 -1\n",
      "2602:304:6F4B:6949:849D:78ED:575C:DDDB -2\n",
      "2602:304:6F4B:6949:C555:E856:8E0D:8691 7\n",
      "Nishidani 4\n",
      "Eat memory -1\n",
      "Nishidani 5\n",
      "Nishidani 6\n",
      "92.253.7.173 2\n",
      "68.8.13.18 -1\n",
      "Sean.hoyland -2\n",
      "JellWaffle -1\n",
      "190.156.207.77 -1\n",
      "Jethro B 1\n",
      "68.6.227.26 1\n",
      "AnomieBOT -1\n",
      "99.98.172.221 -1\n",
      "Carvotta 1\n",
      "Nableezy -8\n",
      "AnomieBOT 0\n",
      "Inkbug 1\n",
      "Wickey-nl 1\n",
      "Wickey-nl 0\n",
      "Wickey-nl -1\n",
      "Reenem 3\n",
      "Brewcrewer 3\n",
      "Wickey-nl -2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Get editor citations for one article\n",
    "rawpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/extract/extract_articles/ipc_articles_raw/second_intifada.tsv'\n",
    "\n",
    "art_citations = []\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(rawpath, 'r') as rawfile:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(rawfile, delimiter='\\t')\n",
    "    prev_isr = 0\n",
    "    prev_pal = 0\n",
    "    for i, row in enumerate(reader):\n",
    "        ts = row[1]\n",
    "        text = row[2]\n",
    "        editor = row[3]\n",
    "        citations = get_citations(text)\n",
    "        if len(citations) > 0:\n",
    "            isrc, palc, neutc = classify_citations(citations)\n",
    "            change_val = ((len(isrc) - prev_isr) - (len(palc) - prev_pal))\n",
    "            editor_citations[editor] += change_val\n",
    "            print(i, ts, len(citations), 'i:{:d}'.format(len(isrc)), 'p:{:d}'.format(len(palc)), 'n:{:d}'.format(len(neutc)), editor)\n",
    "            prev_isr = len(isrc)\n",
    "            prev_pal = len(palc)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "260\n",
      "<ref>Sources: *[http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/years-of-rage-1.316603 Years of Rage] Amos Harel and Avi Issacharoff, Haaretz, October 1, 2010 *[http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/28/world/fg-intifada28 Losing faith in the intifada] Laura King, LA Times, September 28, 2004 *[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52801-2004Sep26.html From Jenin to Falluja] Jackson Diehl, Washingpost Sep 27, 2004 *[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0704/chafets_2004_07_22.php3 The Intifada is over – just listen] Zeev Chafetz, July 22, 2004 *[http://www.jcpa.org/text/Amidror-perspectives-2.pdf winning the counterinsurgency war- The Israeli experience] Major-General (res) Yaakov Amidror *[http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives57Eng.pdf The need for decisive victory] BESA Center Perspectives Papers No. 57, January 12, 2009 *[http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA449421 The “Defensive Shield” Operation as a Turning Point in Israel’s National Security Strategy], Dr. Wallace A. Terrill and Lieutenant Colonel Ofek Bouchriss, USAWC Strategy Research Project, U.S. Army War College *[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50910-2004Jun17.html Israel's Intifada Victory] By Charles Krauthammer, Friday, June 18, 2004; Page A29 *[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3558676,00.html 2nd intifada forgotton], ynet June 22, 2008 *[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus64.pdf Lessons from the Palestinian \"war\" against Israel]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}, Washington Institute for Near East policy, pg 14–15 *[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3957131,00.html Letting the IDF win], Ynet September 20, 2010 *[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0904/halevi_israeli_victory.php3?printer_friendly, Israel's unexpected victory over terrorism], Yossi Klein Halevi & Michael B. Oren Sep 20, 2004 *{{cite book|author1=Zvi Shtauber|author2=Yiftah Shapir|title=The Middle East strategic balance, 2004–2005|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t7C-ZDXrfOgC&pg=PA7|accessdate=February 12, 2012|year=2006|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-84519-108-5|page=7}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties2>[http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=26&eM=12&eY=2008&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before ''B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities''], [[B'Tselem]].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"statspage\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"statspage\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=BBCstats>{{cite news|title=Intifada toll 2000-2005|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3694350.stm|accessdate=10/11/2012|newspaper=BBC|date=8 February 2005}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=un2009jan9>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_09_english.pdf Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report]. Jan 9, 2009. OCHA oPt ([[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] – occupied Palestinian territory).[http://www.ochaopt.org/]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties2 />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties2 />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Mitchell_cause/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties2005>[http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=15&eM=1&eY=2005&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before ''B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities 29.9.2000-15.1.2005 ''], [[B'Tselem]].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/victims.html#2009 Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles.] Jewish Virtual Library. 31 August 2010.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Abbas_Sharm>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4247327.stm ''The full text of Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas's declaration of a ceasefire with the Israelis at the Sharm al-Sheikh summit'']. BBC, 8 February 2005<br />\"We have agreed with Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to stop all acts of violence against Israelis and Palestinians, wherever they are. ... we have announced today not only represents the implementation of the first articles of the roadmap\"</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Sharon_Sharm>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4247233.stm ''The full text of Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's declaration of a ceasefire with the Palestinians at the Sharm al-Sheikh summit'']. BBC, 8 February 2005<br />\"Today, in my meeting with Chairman Abbas, we agreed that all Palestinians will stop all acts of violence against all Israelis everywhere and, in parallel, Israel will cease all its military activity against all Palestinians anywhere. ... The disengagement plan can pave the way to implementation of the roadmap, to which we are committed and which we want to implement.\"<br /> However, the violence did not stop the following years.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Itamar Rabinovich (2004): ''Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs, 1948–2003'' p.306</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Devin Sper (2004) ''The Future of Israel'' p.335</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Binyamin Elon (2005): ''God's Covenant With Israel: Establishing Biblical Boundaries in Today's World'' p.45</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"SBA2006\">{{cite book |title=Scars of War, Wounds of Peace |last=Ben-Ami |first=Shlomo |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |page=267 |quote=Israel’s disproportionate response to what had started as a popular uprising with young, unarmed men confronting Israeli soldiers armed with lethal weapons fuelled the Intifada beyond control and turned it into an all-out war.}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Schmemann\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/10/sm.07.html \"Palestinian Parliament Expected to Not Declare an Independent Palestinian State\"]. September 10, 2000. CNN.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Schmemann\">{{Cite news|title=In West Bank, 'Time' for Settlements Is Clearly Not 'Out'|date=December 5, 1997|author=Serge Schmemann|work=New York Times |accessdate=December 18, 2007|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E3D9133DF936A35751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=FMEP>{{Cite journal|title=Extraordinary Increase in Settlement Construction as Diplomacy Falters|journal=Settlement Report|publisher=[[Foundation for Middle East Peace]]|volume= 8| issue =  2|date=March–April 1998|url=http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-8/no.-2/extraordinary-increase-in-settlement-construction-as-diplomacy-falters}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Schmemann/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/housing-starts-in-israel-the-west-bank-and-gaza-strip-settlements-1990-2003 |title=Foundation for Middle East Peace |publisher=Fmep.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Youngs>{{cite web|title=The Middle East Crisis: Camp David, the 'Al-Aqsa Intifada' and the Prospects for the Peace Process|author=Tim Youngs, International Affairs and Defence Section|publisher=House of Commons Library|date=January 24, 2001|accessdate=December 18, 2007|url=http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2001/rp01-009.pdf|format=PDF |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227143042/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2001/rp01-009.pdf |archivedate = February 27, 2008}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Schmemann\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Youngs/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"nytimes_outbreak\">{{Cite news|title=Palestinians And Israelis In a Clash At Holy Site|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502E4DA1E3AF93BA1575AC0A9669C8B63|work=New York Times |date=September 28, 2000}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>(Bard, Mitchell Geoffrey) ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Middle East Conflict'', Ch. 28, pg. 395</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>A History of Modern Israel, Ch. 12, pg. 283</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=bbc2000sept28>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm BBC ON THIS DAY|28|2000: 'Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots]. September 28, 2000. BBC. \"Palestinians and Israeli police have clashed in the worst violence for several years at Jerusalem's holiest site, the compound around Al-Aqsa mosque. The violence began after a highly controversial tour of the mosque compound early this morning by hardline Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon. ... Soon after Mr Sharon left the site, the angry demonstrations outside erupted into violence. Israeli police fired tear gas and rubber-coated metal bullets, while protesters hurled stones and other missiles. Police said 25 of their men were hurt by missiles thrown by Palestinians, but only one was taken to hospital. Israel Radio reported at least three Palestinians were wounded by rubber bullets. ... Following Friday [Sept 29, 2000] prayers the next day violence again broke out throughout Jerusalem and the West Bank.\"</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E4DB1F3DF936A35753C1A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Unapologetic, Sharon Rejects Blame for Igniting Violence|work=New York Times |date=October 5, 2000|first=Joel|last=Greenberg|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|title=Israeli’s Tour of Holy Site Ignites Riot; Palestinians Angered By Test of Sovereignty in Jerusalem’s Old City|work=Washington Post |author=Lee Hockstader|date=September 29, 2000|page=A22}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|title= Palestinians say opposition tour of holy site could cause bloodshed|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=September 27, 2000}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"klein_jerusalemproblem_p98\">Menachem Klein, ''The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status'', University Press of Florida, 2003 p.98</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"klein_jerusalemproblem_p98\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite book |last=Schiff |first=Ze'ev |authorlink=Ze'ev Schiff |coauthor=Ehud Ya'ari |title=Israel's Lebanon War |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |year=1984 |page=284 |isbn=0-671-47991-1}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[[Yossef Bodansky]], ''The High Cost of Peace'' (Prima Publishing, 2002) ISBN 0-7615-3579-9 pp.353–354</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2000/Interview+with+Acting+FM+Ben-Ami+on+Newshour+with.htm Interview with Acting FM Ben-Ami on Newshour with Jim Lehrer- PBS TV – November 1, 2000] on [[Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs|MFA]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>MacFarquhar, Neil. \"[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/international/middleeast/05cnd-arab.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Few Kind Words for Sharon in the Arab World]\", January 5, 2006. New York Times.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Juliana Ochs [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA6 ''Security and Suspicion: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in Israel,''] University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011 p.6.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=cnn20000929>{{Cite news|title=CNN's Jerrold Kessel on continuing violence in the Mideast|url=http://edition.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/29/kessel/|publisher=CNN|date=September 29, 2000}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Menachem Klein,''The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status'', University Press of Florida, 2003 pp.97–98</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"autogenerated2\">Menachem Klein,''The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status'', University Press of Florida, 2003 p.97</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"klein_jerusalemproblem_p98\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engMDE150412000 Israel and the Occupied Territories: Excessive use of lethal force|Amnesty International]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"autogenerated2\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[[Gilead Sher]], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EdgAWFiDryMC&pg=PA162 ''The Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations, 1999–2001: within reach,'']{{dead link|date=April 2014}} Taylor & Francis, 2006 p.162.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+To+Peace/Memorial/2000/Sgt+David+Biri.htm</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 29, 2000|title=Border Police Supt. Yosef Tabeja|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|url=http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2000/Border+Police+Supt+Yosef+Tabeja.htm}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Earlier estimates gave a million bullets and projectiles shot by Israeli forces in the first few days, 700,000 in the West Bank and 300,000 in the Gaza strip. See Ben Kaspit, 'Jewish New Year 2002 – the Second Anniversary of the Intifada,' [[Ma’ariv]] September 6, 2002 (Heb), in Cheryl Rubenberg, ''The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace,'Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003 p.324, p.361 n.5. The figure was revealed by [[Amos Malka]], then-director of Military Intelligence. [[Moshe Ya'alon]], who later became the Israeli Chief of Staff, denied the 1.3 million figure, claiming that the number reflected the demand of the command units for supplemental ammunition. [{{Cite news |last=Pedatzur |first=Reuven |title=Deflater of defeatist discourse |work=Haaretz |accessdate=December 10, 2008 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=1043774&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15 }}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Amnesty International\">{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/083/2001/en|title=Israel and the Occupied Territories: Broken Lives – A Year of Intifada |publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=11/4/2012}}. [http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/083/2001/en/081c2583-d8e7-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/mde150832001en.pdf PDF]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=96428&contrassID=3&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |title=The Or Inquiry – Summary of Events|publisher=Haaretz|accessdate=April 9, 2006}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=BBClynch>{{Cite news|first=Martin|last=Asser|title=Lynch mob's brutal attack|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=October 13, 2000|accessdate=September 3, 2006}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://home.mindspring.com/~fontenelles/Levy2.htm|title=Interview with Ramallah's chief of police|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|date=October 20, 2000}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Feldman, Shai. [http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v3n3p7.html The October Violence: An Interim Assessment]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}, Jaffes Center for Strategic Studies, ''Strategic Assessment'', Vol. 3 No. 3, November 2000.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"revenge\">{{Cite news|title=A day of rage, revenge and bloodshed |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1370229/A-day-of-rage%2C-revenge-and-bloodshed.html |date=October 13, 2000 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |accessdate=02-07-09|first=Alan|last=Philps}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|title=Israeli copters retaliate for soldiers' deaths |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/mideast.htm#readmore |date=November 8, 2000|work=USA Today |accessdate=03-07-09}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/second_intifada_timeline.htm |title=Second Intifada Timeline |publisher=Mideastweb.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Wired\">{{cite web | url=http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2001/01/41300 | title=Israel's 'First Internet Murder' | publisher=Wired | date=January 19, 2001 | author=Hershman, Tania}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9FTxoncXDwwC&pg=PA443&dq=Shalhevet+Pass&hl=en&ei=JUCBTejXGJK8sAPv3tmDAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Shalhevet%20Pass&f=false |title=Protection of children during armed political conflict: a multidisciplinary perspective|publisher= |author=Charles W. Greenbaum, Philip E. Veerman, Naomi Bacon-Shnoor |year=2006 |accessdate=June 21, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y7glZcS7mMgC&pg=PA190&dq=Shalhevet+Pass&hl=en&ei=JUCBTejXGJK8sAPv3tmDAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Shalhevet%20Pass&f=false |title=Home to Stay: One American Family's Chronicle of Miracles and Struggles in Contemporary Israel |publisher= Random House|author=Daniel Gordis |year=2003 |accessdate=June 21, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=education>{{cite web|url=http://www.education.gov.il/children/page_23.htm|title=Target: Israeli Children |work=|publisher=[[Education Minister of Israel|Israeli Ministry of Education]]}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Guardian>{{cite web|title= Two Israeli boys found bludgeoned to death|date=May 9, 2001|work=The Guardian|author = |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/may/09/israel1|accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=USA>{{cite web|title= Two Israeli teenagers stoned to death|date=June 20, 2001 |work=USA Today|author =Matthew Kalman |url= http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/mideast/2001-05-09-slainteens.htm|accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ict.org.il/Articles/tabid/66/Articlsid/65/currentpage/22/Default.aspx The Palestinian Authority-Hamas Collusion – From Operational Cooperation to Propaganda Hoax]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-48416289.html|title=No. 1 Hamas terrorist killed. Followers threaten revenge in Tel Aviv. |last=O'Sullvian|first=Arieh|date=November 25, 2001|publisher=Jerusalem Post|accessdate=January 30, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html|title=In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope|last=Fisher|first=Ian|date=January 29, 2006|work=New York Times|accessdate=January 30, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-1258,00.html Ynet – פיגוע בדולפינריום – חדשות<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Amnesty International\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:H-vIgmkBX4QJ:www.kerenmalki.org/Press/IrishSBP_Death_of_Innocents.htm+psagot+life&cd=28&hl=en&ct=clnk Death of Innocents]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/10/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20the%20Sbarro%20pizzeria%20in%20Jerusale Suicide bombing at the Sbarro pizzeria in Jerusalem August 9, 2001], [[Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3232591,00.html Sbarro terrorist 'not sorry'], [[Ynetnews]], March 27, 2006</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://info.jpost.com/C002/Supplements/CasualtiesOfWar/2001_09_09.html Jerusalem Post's coverage of the terror attack on Nahariya's Railway Station]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Haaretz\">{{cite web |url= http://www.haaretz.com/news/islamic-jihad-fatah-take-responsibility-for-bus-bombing-1.75877 |title=Islamic Jihad, Fatah take responsibility for bus bombing – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News |first= |last= |work=Haaretz |year=2011 |accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Blade\">{{cite web |url= http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=75JKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zwMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6563,4859776|title=Toledo Blade – Google News Archive Search |first= |last= |publisher=Google |year=2011 |accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/12/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20the%20Ben-Yehuda%20pedestrian%20mall http://www.mfa.gov.il]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"B'Tselem\">[http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=26&eM=12&eY=2008&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before Statistics | B'Tselem<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il |title=Sgt-Maj-res- Yochai Porat |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Ophir Falk and Henry Morgenstein:  ''Suicide terror: understanding and confronting the threat''</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Bts ODS\">{{cite web |url=http://www.btselem.org/download/200207_defensive_shield_eng.pdf |title=Operation Defensive Shield: Palestinian Testimonies, Soldiers' Testimonies |date=July 2007 |publisher=B'Tselem |accessdate=April 7, 2012 }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"btselem.org\">[http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=1&region=WB List of Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces in the West Bank] (''see the 29.03.2002–3.05.2002 period'')</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3685678,00.html Operation Defensive Shield (2002)]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 1, 2002|title=Report of Secretary-General on recent events in Jenin, other Palestinian cities|publisher=UN|url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/SG2077.doc.htm}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"mfa1\">{{cite web |title=Jenin's Terrorist Infrastructure |work=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=September 22, 2008 |date=April 4, 2002 |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2002/4/Jenin-s%20Terrorist%20Infrastructure%20-%204-Apr-2002 }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Matt Rees, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002406,00.html Untangling Jenin's Tale], [[Time Magazine]], May 13, 2002</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2165272.stm |title=UN says no massacre in Jenin |date=August 1, 2002 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=May 19, 2012 }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"NYT UN\">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/02/world/death-on-the-campus-jenin-un-report-rejects-claims-of-a-massacre-of-refugees.html |last=Bennet |first=James |date=August 2, 2002 |title=DEATH ON THE CAMPUS: JENIN; U.N. Report Rejects Claims Of a Massacre Of Refugees |work=The New York Times |accessdate=May 19, 2012 }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"NYT UN\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|title=U.N. report: No massacre in Jenin|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-08-01-unreport-jenin_x.htm|work=USA Today|date=August 1, 2002}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news |separator=. |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/149/2002/en/83a8f1d1-d79c-11dd-b024-21932cd2170d/mde151492002en.pdf |title=Shielded from Scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus |date=November 2002 |publisher=Amnesty International |page=2 |accessdate=May 19, 2012 |quote=Amnesty International's extensive research . . . led it to conclude that . . . some of the actions amounted to . . . war crimes. }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"HRW May\">{{cite news |separator=. |url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/israel3/israel0502.pdf |title=Jenin: IDF Military Operations |date=May 2002 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=May 19, 2012 |page=3 |quote=Human Rights Watch's research demonstrates that, during their incursion into the Jenin refugee camp, Israeli forces committed serious violations of international humanitarian law, some amounting ''prima facie'' to war crimes. }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=martinWT>{{Wayback |date=20030415055238 |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20020501-5587072.htm |title=Jenin \"massacre\" reduced to death toll of 56 }}{{dead link|date=April 2014}} by Paul Martin, [[Washington Times]], May 1, 2002</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"hrwreport\">[http://www.hrw.org/node/79081/section/3 Jenin | Human Rights Watch<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"harel257-258\">Harel and Isacharoff (2004), pp. 257–258</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite journal |last=Audeh |first=Ida |year=2002 |title=Narratives of Siege: Eye-Witness Testimonies from Jenin, Bethlehem, and Nablus |url=http://www.palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=4341&jid=1&href=abstract |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume=31 |issue=4 |page=13 |accessdate=April 7, 2012 |doi=10.1525/jps.2002.31.4.13}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"HRW May\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of the Secretary-General prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution ES-10/10|accessdate=March 29, 2006|publisher=United Nations|url=http://www.un.org/peace/jenin/}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.un.org/peace/jenin/ Report of the Secretary-General prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution ES-10/10]{{dead link|date=April 2014}} by the United Nations</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>BBC, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3030480.stm ''Texts: Palestinian truces'']. 29 June 2003</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/06/23/wmid23.xml|date=June 23, 2003|title=Israel defends Hamas death|publisher=The Telegraph|location=London|accessdate=May 23, 2010|first=Peter|last=Oborne}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2680777.stm|publisher=BBC News |title=Israelis flatten West Bank shops|date=January 21, 2003|accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/gaza/|accessdate=March 29, 2006|title=Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324012233/http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/gaza/ |archivedate=March 24, 2006}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=mfa>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2004/Tali%20Hatuel |title=Tali Hatuel, Hila, Hadar, Roni, and Merav  |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date= May 2, 2004}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3679395.stm|title=Gunmen kill Jewish settler family|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=September 28, 2012|last=|first= | date=May 3, 2004 | location=London}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=smh20040503>{{cite news|title=Pregnant mum and four children gunned down|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/03/1083436518982.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald.|date=May 3, 2004}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=ii20040503>{{cite news|last=Silverin|first=Eric|title=Pregnant mum and her four children killed in terror attack|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/pregnant-mum-and-her-four-children-killed-in-terror-attack-169946.html|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=May 3, 2004}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=ai-p>{{cite web|title=Israel/Occupied Territories: AI condemns murder of woman and her four daughters by Palestinian gunmen|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/049/2004/en/f7dfbf50-d5dc-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/mde150492004en.html|publisher=Amnesty International|date=May 4, 2004}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1328916,00.html|title=Army pulls back from Gaza leaving 100 Palestinians dead|work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=October 16, 2004|first=Chris|last=McGreal|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=10201|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204171132/http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=10201|archivedate=December 4, 2004|date=December 3, 2004|publisher=[[The Jewish Week]]|title=Moral Quagmire}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1126/p07s01-wome.html|date=November 26, 2004|work=The Christian Science Monitor|title=Israeli army under fire after killing girl}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1143877.html|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|title=Does it pay to sue for libel in Israel?}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L16687192.htm|agency=Reuters |title=Palestinians sift rubble after Israel's Gaza assault|date=October 16, 2004}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/01/14/gaza.bombing/index.html|date=January 14, 2005|title=Sharon suspends contacts with Palestinian Authority|publisher=CNN}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4176141.stm|date=January 14, 2005|title=Israel cuts Palestinian contacts|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 8, 2005|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4245353.stm|title=Mid-East leaders announce truce|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4252445.stm|date=February 10, 2005|title=Abbas orders security crackdown|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3558676,00.html |title=2nd Intifada forgotten – Israel Opinion, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynet.co.il |date=June 20, 1995 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=384&issue=116 |title=International Socialism: Rising of the oppressed: the second Intifada |publisher=Isj.org.uk |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1482803/Palestinian-ceasefire-ends-four-year-intifada.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London|title=Palestinian ceasefire ends four-year intifada|first=Inigo|last=Gilmore|date=February 4, 2005|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/Israel_timeline_1993_present.htm |title=Timeline (Chronology) of Israel and Zionism 1993–present day |publisher=Zionism-israel.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/uc_to_reopen_study_in_israel_brandeis_offers_summer_prep_program_20081203/ |title=UC to reopen study in Israel; Brandeis offers summer prep program | Community Briefs |publisher=Jewish Journal |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Mitchell_cause>[http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A ''Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee'']. par. ''WHAT HAPPENED?''. 30 April 2000</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>James L. Gelvin,''The Israel-Palestine conflict: one hundred years of war,'' Cambridge University Press, 2nd.ed., 2007 p.243.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=bbctimeline>BBC News: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm \"Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline\"].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Dark Times, Dire Decisions: Jews and Communism, Dan Diner, Jonathan Frankel, Oxford University Press, p.311</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/sep/29/israel Rioting as Sharon visits Islam holy site], The Guardian, Friday September 29, 2000</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Mitchell>[http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A \"Sharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Report\"] (Mitchell Report), 30 April 2001.<br /> \"Mr. Sharon made the visit on September 28 accompanied by over 1,000 Israeli police officers. Although Israelis viewed the visit in an internal political context, Palestinians saw it as a provocation to start a fair intifadah. On the following day, in the same place, a large number of unarmed Palestinian demonstrators and a large Israeli police contingent confronted each other.\"</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Cypel>\"The following day, the 29th, a Friday and hence the Muslim day of prayer, the young Palestinians flared up.\" Cypel, Sylvain. ''Walled: Israeli Society at an Impasse'', Other Press, 2006, p. 6. ISBN 1-59051-210-3</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Mittleman>\"Then in late September Ariel Sharon [...] visited the Temple Mount [...] The next day, massive violence erupted in Jerusalem and Palestinian-controlled areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.\" Alan Mittleman, Robert A. Licht, Jonathan D. Sarna, ''Jewish Polity and American Civil Society: Communal Agencies and Religious Movements in the American Public Sphere'', Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, p. 161. ISBN 0-7425-2122-2</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=mitchell>[http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A ''Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee'']. George J. Mitchell (et al.) report. 30 April 2001. [http://eeas.europa.eu/mepp/docs/mitchell_report_2001_en.pdf PDF]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm |title=Middle East | Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline |publisher=BBC News |date=September 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=toameh/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clinton |first=Bill |title=My Life |publisher=[[Random House, Inc]] |year=2004 |isbn=1-4000-3003-X}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"pressman_backgroundsandcauses\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref><blockquote>\"The wave of terrorism that began in September 2000 is the direct result of a strategic Palestinian decision to use violence – rather than negotiation – as the primary means to advance their agenda....\"</blockquote><blockquote>\"Indeed, the current wave of terrorism began shortly after intense high-level negotiations were conducted to find a permanent resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In July 2000, a Middle East peace summit was held at Camp David, hosted by U.S. President Bill Clinton and attended by Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israel's Prime Minister Ehud Barak. During the summit, Israel expressed its willingness to make far-reaching and unprecedented compromises in order to arrive at a workable, enduring agreement. However, Yasser Arafat chose to break off the negotiations without even offering any proposals of his own. Consequently, the summit adjourned with President Clinton placing the blame for its failure squarely at Arafat's feet.\"</blockquote><blockquote>\"It is clear that the current wave of Palestinian terrorism, which began in the wake of the Camp David summit failure, has nothing to do with a spontaneous Palestinian action to \"resist the occupation.\" The Palestinian leadership had taken a strategic decision to abandon the path to peace and to use violence as their primary tactic for advancing their agenda. This decision undermined the bedrock foundation of the peace process – the understanding that a solution can only be reached through compromise rather than inflexibility, and through negotiation rather than violence. The Palestinian claim that Israel's presence in the territories caused the terrorism began as a desperate attempt to deflect criticism after Arafat rejected Israel's peace proposals. It quickly evolved into an excuse for the inexcusable – the indiscriminate murder of innocent civilians.Terrorist attacks can never be justified, and they are particularly tragic when the disputed issues could have been settled through negotiations. The Palestinian Authority had been given a real opportunity to end the conflict through negotiations. However, Israel's olive branch was met with a hail of gunfire and a barrage of suicide bombers. The greatest obstacle to peace is not the lack of a Palestinian state, rather it is the existence of Palestinian terrorism.\"</blockquote>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/11/Israel-+the+Conflict+and+Peace-+Answers+to+Frequen+-+2003.htm#cause What caused the current wave of Palestinian terrorism?] by the [[Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref><blockquote>\"The events of last few days represent the latest and most severe developments in a wave of violence that has been building in recent weeks. Though some are inclined to assign exclusive responsibility to Israel for these acts of provocation, the present Palestinian escalation dates back to well before the Temple Mount disturbances, when, on September 13, stones and [[Molotov cocktail]]s were thrown at Israeli positions in the vicinity of the Netzarim junction in the Gaza Strip. This was followed by a number of increasingly violent incidents, including the killing of an Israeli soldier by a roadside bomb near Netzarim on September 27\"</blockquote>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Palestinian+violence+and+terrorism+since+September.htm Palestinian terrorism since Sept 2000] by the [[Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=biri-IMFA>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2000/Sgt+David+Biri.htm Sgt. David Biri]. September 27, 2000. [[Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=jpost2000sep29>[http://info.jpost.com/C002/Supplements/CasualtiesOfWar/2000_09_27.html \"Fallen soldier's father: I never thought this would happen\"]. September 29, 2000. ''[[Jerusalem Post]].''</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=nytimes2008sept30>{{Cite news|title=Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead and 200 Hurt|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E2DB143DF933A0575AC0A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|work=New York Times |date=September 30, 2000|first=Deborah|last=Sontag|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}. \"This morning, both sides started out tense, after clashes on Thursday [Sept 28, 2000] provoked by Mr. Sharon's visit.\"</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=cnn2008sept28>{{Cite news|title=Israeli troops, Palestinians clash after Sharon visits Jerusalem sacred site|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/28/jerusalem.violence.02/|publisher=CNN|date=September 28, 2000}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}. \"A visit by Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon to the site known as the Temple Mount by Jews sparked a clash on Thursday [Sept 28, 2000] between stone-throwing Palestinians and Israeli troops, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets into the crowd. ... Also Thursday [Sept 28, 2000], an Israeli soldier critically injured in a bomb attack on an army convoy in the Gaza Strip died of his wounds.\"</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=telegraph>{{Cite news|title=Riot police clash with protesters at holy shrine |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1357329/Riot-police-clash-with-protesters-at-holy-shrine.html|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=June 29, 2001|first=Ohad|last=Gozani|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=bbc2000sept28/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"autogenerated2\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=btselem-idf-OT>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=7&region=TER B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities]. Israeli security force personnel killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories. Detailed [[B'Tselem]] list.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=btselem-civ-OT>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=5&region=TER B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities]. Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories. Detailed [[B'Tselem]] list.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Schulz>Schulz and Hammer, 2003, pp. 134–136.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"pressman_backgroundsandcauses\">[http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/JCS/Fall03/pressman.pdf The Second Intifada: Backgrounds and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict] by [[Jeremy Pressman]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/11/Israel-+the+Conflict+and+Peace-+Answers+to+Frequen+-+2003.htm#cause Israel, the Conflict and Peace: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions – What caused the current wave of Palestinian terrorism?] by the [[Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=toameh>{{cite web|accessdate=March 29, 2006|url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press3/111P55.htm|title=How the war began|author=Khaled Abu Toameh}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb5fIP-MfAc |title=(view video of the speech) |publisher=YouTube |date=July 17, 2006 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=jewishweek>{{Cite news|url=http://jewishweek.or/news/newscontent.php3?artid=3846|date=December 20, 2000|title=PA: Intifada Was Planned|publisher=[[The Jewish Week]]}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=atlantic>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200509/samuels|date=September 2005|publisher=[[The Atlantic Monthly]] Online|title=In a Ruined Country}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>David Pratt, [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=m_NE9jbFTrsC&pg=PA113 The Long Day of Rage], Casemate Publishers, 2007 ISB 978-1-932-03363-2 p.113: 'As far back as May 2000 Ehud Barak and his advisors had themselves drafted operational and tactical contingency plans of their own to halt the intifada in its tracks. These included the massive use of IDF snipers, which resulted in the high numbers of Palestinian dead and wounded in the first few days of the uprising. It was these tactics as much as any advanced planning that many believed transformed a series of violent clashes into a full-blown intifada.'</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Abutoameh>[http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=189574 \" Arafat ordered Hamas attacks against Israel in 2000,\"] [[Khaled Abu Toameh]], September 29, 2010, Jerusalem Post.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Mosab Hassan Yousef, [http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Son_of_Hamas.html?id=6qqwLB05IocC Son of Hamas], Tyndale Publishers, 2011 edition ISB 978-1-85078-985-7 p.125-134</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=297688 'Suha Arafat admits husband premeditated Intifada' | JPost | Israel News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>HUSSEIN DAKROUB, Associated Press Writer. Associated Press. New York: March 26, 2002. pg. 1</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>Barry Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin. Yasir Arafat : A Political Biography. Oxford University Press. p.204</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp ''B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities''], [[B'Tselem]].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=haaretz468469>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=468469|title=Israeli death toll in Intifada higher than last two wars|date=August 24, 2004|publisher=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=haaretz468469/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=statspage>[http://212.150.54.123/casualties_project/stats_page.cfm \"ICT Middleastern Conflict Statistics Project\"]. Short summary page with \"Breakdown of Fatalities: September 27, 2000 through January 1, 2005.\" [[International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism]]. Full report: [http://212.150.54.123/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=439 \"An Engineered Tragedy\"]. Statistical Analysis of Casualties in the Palestinian – Israeli Conflict, September 2000 – September 2002. [[International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism]]. Article is here [http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/mostly.html] also.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=child_casualties>[http://www.rememberthesechildren.org/remember2000.html ''Remember these Children'']. This is a comprehensive list of all Israeli and Palestinian child casualties, age 17 and under, listed since September 2000 along with what is known about the circumstances of their deaths.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=9999&x_article=1533 UPDATED: In 2007, B'Tselem Casualty Count Doesn't Add Up], CAMERA. The page translates n Hebrew report from ''Haaretz'', presenting Dahoah-Halevi's report. <br>Original Haaretz report in Hebrew: Amos Harel, [http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1031429.html מחקר: \"בצלם\" מפרסם מידע שגוי ומשמיט פרטים חיוניים], [[Haaretz]], October 26, 2008.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=202515 Column One: Agents of influence]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=493&x_context=2 B'Tselem, ''Los Angeles Times'' Redefine \"Civilian\"], [[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America|CAMERA]] Media Analyses, July 7, 2003.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"sternthal\">{{Cite news | last = Sternthal | first = Tamar | title = Bending the truth | work = [[Ynetnews]] | accessdate = 2008-09-26 | date = 2008-09-24 | url = http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3601691,00.html }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128086 Researcher Slams B'Tselem as Inflating Arab Civilian Casualties, by Gil Ronen, Published: 10/26/08]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=3&x_outlet=12&x_article=1265 B'Tselem's Annual Casualty Figures Questioned], CAMERA Media Analyses, January 3, 2007.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ngo-monitor.org/editions/v2n12/v2n12-4.htm Betselem: Report Uses Outdated Sources and the Rhetoric of Demonization], NGO Monitor Analysis (Vol. 2 No. 12), August 15, 2004.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"statspage\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=statspage/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=haaretz468469/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=haaretz468469/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"autogenerated3\">{{Cite news|date=December 8, 2004|title=Two-thirds of Palestinians Killed in the West Bank This Year Did not Participate in the Fighting|url=http://www.btselem.org/English/Press_Releases/20041208.asp|publisher=B'Tselem}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=MEQ>{{Cite news|title=Has Israel Used Indiscriminate Force?|publisher=The Middle East Quarterly|author=Alexander A. Weinreb and Avi Weinreb|url=http://www.meforum.org/article/175}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=8792 |title=Article |publisher=Frontpagemag.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"autogenerated3\" />\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=21044|date=June 2, 2004|publisher=Jerusalem Post|title=Engineering civilian casualties}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite book|author=[[Benny Morris]]|title=One States, Two States|year=2009|pages=151–152|publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=casualties/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=btselemlist>[http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=23&region=TER \"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities. Palestinians killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories\"]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}. Detailed [[B'Tselem]] list.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/articles/waakjf03.htm \"Violence among the Palestinians\"]. By Erika Waak. ''Humanist.'' Jan–Feb 2003.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.phrmg.org/intrafada.htm \"The ‘Intra’fada. An Analysis of Internal Palestinian Violence\"]. By Leonie Schultens. April 2004. ''The Palestinian Human Rights Monitor.'' A bi-monthly publication of the [[Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group]].</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nL10415075 \"Hamas leader says Israel's existence is a reality\"]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}. By Sean Maguire and Khaled Oweis. [[Reuters]]. Jan 10, 2007.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050405.html|title=ANALYSIS / IAF strike on Gaza is Israel’s version of ‘shock and awe’ |last=Harel|first=Amos|date=December 27, 2008|publisher=Ha’aretz|accessdate=December 27, 2008}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"bbc_400\">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7807564.stm|title=Israel braced for Hamas response |date=January 2, 2009|publisher=BBC|accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"BBC 7804051\">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7804051.stm|title=Israel pounds Gaza for fourth day|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=January 14, 2009 |publisher=BBC|location=London, UK}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"bbc_numbers_dec_30th\">{{Cite news|title=Israel vows war on Hamas in Gaza|date=December 30, 2008 |publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7803711.stm|accessdate=December 30, 2008|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5dRPr1hq5|archivedate=December 30, 2008}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre0\">{{Cite news|title=Israeli Gaza 'massacre' must stop, Syria's Assad tells US senator|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hI7x-bpyN4wqfAneMcCnl-LVx-pg|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=[[Google News]]|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=January 11, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5djcpOjKj|archivedate=January 9, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre8\">{{Cite news|title=Factions refuse Abbas' call for unity meeting amid Gaza massacre|url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62543/factions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.html|agency=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|publisher=Turkish Weekly|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=January 11, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5djtfP92i|archivedate=January 11, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre6\">{{Cite news|title=Iraqi leaders discuss Gaza massacre|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iraq/10270761.html|date=December 28, 2008|accessdate=January 8, 2009|publisher=gulfnews.com|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5dfW1C8nU|archivedate=http://www.webcitation.org/5dfW1C8nU }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre10\">\"Hamas slammed the silent and still Arab position on Gaza massacre\" – {{Cite news|title=Israel airstrikes on Gaza kill at least 225|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2008/December/middleeast_December507.xml&section=middleeast|agency=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur|Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA)]]|publisher=Khaleej Times|date=December 27, 2008|accessdate=January 11, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5djxqLFFV|archivedate=January 11, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre7\">\"it's impossible to contain the Arab and Islamic world after the Gaza massacre\" – {{Cite news|title=Hamas denies firing rockets from Lebanon|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1004526/Hamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanon|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]|date=January 8, 2009|accessdate=January 11, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5djdLfR31|archivedate=January 11, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gazza_massacre1\">{{Cite news|title=Arab Leaders Call for Palestinian Unity During \"Terrible Massacre\"|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,474461,00.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=Fox News|date=December 31, 2008|accessdate=January 7, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5de2c9T0H|archivedate=January 7, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gazza_massacre2\">{{Cite news|title=Gulf leaders tell Israel to stop Gaza \"massacres\"|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLU230729|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=January 7, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5de2k6b5a|archivedate=January 7, 2009 }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gazza_massacre3\">{{Cite news|title=OIC, GCC denounce massacre in Gaza|url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=117588&d=28&m=12&y=2008|date=December 28, 2008|agency=[[Arab News]]|accessdate=January 7, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5de3qD59h|archivedate=January 7, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"gaza_massacre4\">\"Diplomatic race to stop the Gazza massacre\" – {{Cite news|title=سباق دبلوماسي لوقف مذبحة غزة|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7810000/7810968.stm|agency=BBC Arabic|date=January 5, 2009|accessdate=January 11, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5djZbRLwy|archivedate=January 11, 2009 |work=BBC News }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"UN_council_6060\">Libya calling the operation a \"horrible massacre\" – {{Cite news|title=United Nations Security Council 6060th meeting (Click on the page S/PV.6060 record for transcript)|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scact2008.htm|date=December 31, 2008|accessdate=January 7, 2009|agency=[[United Nations Security Council]] }}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=ravid>{{Cite news |last=Ravid |first=Barak |title=IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive |work=Haaretz |accessdate=January 29, 2009 |date=January 19, 2009 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056246.html }}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|last=Associated |first=The |url=http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1060562.html |title=Two IDF soldiers, civilian lightly hurt as Gaza mortars hit Negev – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News |work=Haaretz |location=Israel |date=April 2, 2008 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|last=Yagna |first=Yanir |url=http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1067547.html |title=Ten rockets hit southern Israel, one damages Ashkelon school – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News |work=Haaretz |location=Israel |date=April 2, 2008 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/807007.html \"B'Tselem: Israeli security forces killed 660 Palestinians during 2006\"]. ''[[Haaretz]].'' Dec 28, 2006.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/benmelech/files/JEP_0807.pdf Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf]{{dead link|date=April 2014}} [[Journal of Economic Perspectives]] Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=BBC_Q&A>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7818022.stm Q&A: Gaza conflict], BBC News 18 01 2009</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3702088.stm Gaza's rocket threat to Israel], BBC 21 01 2008</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"usatoday\">{{cite news| url=http://www.usaToday.com/news/world/2007-06-25-israeli-palestinian_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=Hamas releases audio of captured Israeli | date=June 25, 2007}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/timeline-1-940-days-from-gilad-shalit-s-abduction-to-his-release-1.389452 TIMELINE / 1,940 days from Gilad Shalit's abduction to his release - Diplomacy & Defense Israel News | Haaretz<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|title=Eliyahu Pinhas Asheri|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Eliyahu+Pinhas+Asheri.htm|work=mfa.gov|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel){{!}}Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|accessdate=June 20, 2012|year=2006|quote=June 25, 2006 – Eliahu Asheri, 18, of Itamar was kidnapped by terrorists from the Popular Resistance Committees while hitchhiking to Neveh Tzuf, where he was studying. His body was found on June 29 in Ramallah. It is believed that he was murdered shortly after his kidnapping.}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=USA/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Globe_and_Mail_10_May_2001\">{{cite news|title= Mr. Day Speaks the Truth|date= May 10, 2001 |page= A.19 |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada|author = [[Marcus Gee]] |url= http://www.theglobeandmail.com/search/?q=%22When+two+teenaged+boys+were+found+dead+near+their+homes+in+the+West+Bank%2C+their+bodies+bound%2C+mutilated+and+pummelled+with+stones%2C+Mr.+Arafat+refused+to+express+regret%2C+saying+only+that+Palestinian+children+were+victims+too%22 |accessdate= June 20, 2012}} Subscription required.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3268533,00.html</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1178708700436&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull IDF nabs Ze'ev Kahane's murderer] Jerusalem Post, May 28, 2007</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2001/01/41300 |work=Wired | title=Israel's 'First Internet Murder' | date=January 19, 2001}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.gov.il/FirstGov/TopNavEng/EngSubjects/SafeSurfingEng/TeenagersEng/SSETSurfSafetly/SSETSTOphirRachum/ The Murder of Ofir Rahum]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>\"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7282269.stm Eight killed at Jerusalem school]\", BBC News Online, March 6, 2008</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2008/03/06/terror-attack-at-jerusalem-seminary-merkaz-harav-yeshiva-8-dead/ Terror Attack At Jerusalem Seminary – Merkaz HaRav Yeshiva – 8 Dead] National Terror Alert Response Center, March 6, 2008</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/03/06/jerusalem_seminary_attacked/8267/ Jerusalem seminary attacked]{{dead link|date=April 2014}} UPI, March 6, 2008</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=528286 Minister of Tourism Rehavam Zeevi assassinated at point-blank range in Jerusalem Hyatt – Globes]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=USA/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"mfa.gov.il\">[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"mfa.gov.il\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=IE>{{cite web|title= 'Get tough' call to Sharon as Jewish boys stoned to death|publisher=[[Irish Independent]]|author = Phil Reeves in Tekoa  |url= http://www.independent.ie/world-news/get-tough-call-to-sharon--as-jewish-boys-stoned-to--death-344813.html|accessdate=March 11, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |title=A day of rage, revenge and bloodshed |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1370229/A-day-of-rage%2C-revenge-and-bloodshed.html |date=2000-10-13 |work=The Daily Telegraph |publisher= |accessdate=2012-06-20 | location=London | first=Alan | last=Philps}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Italy\">{{cite web |title=Coverage of Oct 12 Lynch in Ramallah by Italian TV Station RAI |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/10/Coverage%20of%20Oct%2012%20Lynch%20in%20Ramallah%20by%20Italian%20TV |date=2000-10-17 |work=[[Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |publisher= |accessdate=2012-06-20| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090201063108/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/10/Coverage%20of%20Oct%2012%20Lynch%20in%20Ramallah%20by%20Italian%20TV| archivedate= February 1, 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"brutal\">{{cite news |title= Lynch mob's brutal attack| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm |date= 2000-10-13|work=BBC News| accessdate= 2012-06-20}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=voice>{{cite news |title=A strange voice said: I just killed your husband| url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/a-strange-voice-said-i-just-killed-your-husband-635341.html |date= 2000-10-14|work=The Independent| accessdate= 2012-06-20 | location=London | first=Raymond | last=Whitaker}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=Luft>Gal Luft, [http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/58028/gal-luft/the-palestinian-h-bomb-terrors-winning-strategy The Palestinian H-Bomb: Terror's Winning Strategy], ''Foreign Affairs,'' Vol. 81, No. 4 (Jul. – Aug. 2002), pp. 2–7.</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{Cite news|date=2004-05|publisher=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S)|title=Terrorist organizations exploit UNRWA vehicles: during the Israeli army operation in the Zeitun quarter of Gaza, UNWRA vehicles were used to smuggle armed terrorists out of the area and in all probability remains of Israeli soldiers as well|url=http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/sib/5_04/unrwa.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=6874 |title=ZNet – Israel Resistance |publisher=Zmag.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20051107200955/http://www.afsc.org/israel-palestine/documents/PalestinianNonviolentResistancetooccupaltion.pdf</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://qumsiyeh.org/palestiniannonviolentresistance/ Sharing the Land of Canaan – Palestinian nonviolent resistance]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman |first=Maxine |url=http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v20n4p22.htm |title=Peace Magazine v20n4p22: A Glimpse of Palestinian Nonviolence |publisher=Peacemagazine.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|last=Elmer |first=Jon |url=http://newstandardnews.net/content/index.cfm/items/2248 |title=Protest, Grief as Barrier Segregates Palestinian Village from Farms – The NewStandard |publisher=Newstandardnews.net |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.ramallahonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1902 ]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=7463 |title=ZNet – Budrus Demo |publisher=Zmag.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|author=by Ran HaCohen |url=http://antiwar.com/hacohen/?articleid=4150 |title=The Third Intifada – by Ran HaCohen |publisher=Antiwar.com |date=December 11, 2004 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palestinemonitor.org/nueva_web/updates_news/updates/beit_sira_experience.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527050519/http://www.palestinemonitor.org/nueva_web/updates_news/updates/beit_sira_experience.htm|archivedate=2006-05-27 |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=May 27, 2006 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/03/26/stories/2005032602051000.htm |title=The Hindu : Opinion / Leader Page Articles : The great divide |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=March 26, 2005 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/737/re2.htm |title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Palestine is not for sale! |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncccusa.org/news/02news49.html |title=Palestinian Christians Call for Non-Violent Resistance |publisher=Ncccusa.org |date=May 10, 2002 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engmde020022004 Israel and the Occupied Territories and the Palestinian Authority: Act Now to Stop the Killing of Children!|Amnesty International]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/research/working-papers/wp16jones.pdf ]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www0.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=8060&Cr=middle&Cr1=east UN envoy condemns Israel's extra-judicial assassinations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/world/middleeast/26mideast.html?_r=18&ref=middleeast|work=The New York Times|first=Sabrina|last=Tavernise|title=In Gaza, the Wait to Rebuild Lingers|date=January 26, 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2007/10/29/idINIndia-30214320071029 |agency=Reuters|title=EU warns against 'collective punishment' in Gaza|date=October 29, 2007}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite news|last=Ruebner|first=Josh|title=U.S. Can't Afford Military Aid to Israel|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/josh-ruebner/us-cant-afford-military-a_b_478104.html|accessdate=November 16, 2010|work=Huffington Post |location=USA|date=February 26, 2010}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Mearsheimer 2007\">{{cite book|last=Mearsheimer|first=John|title=Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy|year=2007|publisher=Farrar, Straus, and Giroux|coauthors=Walt|editor=Stephen|location=New York}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref name=\"Mearsheimer 2007\"/>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>{{cite web|last=Navon |first=Emmanuel |url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=170134 |title=Jewish-Agency-style ‘Palestine Network’ la... JPost – Middle East |work=Jerusalem Post |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[[Avraham Sela|Sela, Avraham]]. \"Arab Summit Conferences.\" ''The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East''. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 158–160</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "<ref>[http://www.bicohen.tau.ac.il/templ001/manage.asp?siteID=5&lang=2&pageID=199 The Peace Index Project conducted at the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace]{{Dead link|url=http://www.bicohen.tau.ac.il/templ001/manage.asp?siteID=5&lang=2&pageID=199|date=January 2009}}</ref>\n",
      "\n",
      "cite book|title=The Palestinian Diaspora: Formation of Identities and Politics of Homeland|first1=Helena Lindholm|last1=Schulz|first2=Juliane|last2=Hammer|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn= 978-0-415-26820-2\n",
      "\n",
      "cite book|last=Catignani|first=Sergio|title=Israeli counter-insurgency and the Intifadas: dilemmas of a conventional army|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2C3NcBIl_60C|accessdate=February 14, 2012|date=March 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-93069-4\n",
      "\n",
      "cite book|last=Yousef|first=Mosab Hassan|title=Son of Hamas: A Gripping Account of Terror, Betrayal, Political Intrigue, and Unthinkable Choices |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Son_of_Hamas.html?id=6qqwLB05IocC|accessdate=January 4, 2013|year=2011|publisher=Tyndale|isbn=978-1-85078-985-7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Explore raw revisions\n",
    "rawlines = []\n",
    "rawpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/extract/extract_articles/ipc_articles_raw/second_intifada.tsv'\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(rawpath, 'r') as rawfile:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(rawfile, delimiter='\\t')\n",
    "    for i, row in enumerate(reader):\n",
    "        rawlines.append(row[2].replace('\\n', ' ').replace('\\t', ' '))\n",
    "\n",
    "c = get_citations(rawlines[-1])\n",
    "print(len(c))\n",
    "print('\\n\\n'.join(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
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      "933 4 200.88.102.250\n",
      "934 4 202.147.117.202\n",
      "935 4 Pojaco\n",
      "936 4 Fru1tbat\n",
      "937 4 Padraic\n",
      "938 4 Padraic\n",
      "939 4 Qwertyus\n",
      "940 4 Mackan79\n",
      "941 4 Mackan79\n",
      "942 4 Mackan79\n",
      "943 4 Mackan79\n",
      "944 4 Mackan79\n",
      "945 4 Mackan79\n",
      "946 4 Mackan79\n",
      "947 4 Mackan79\n",
      "948 4 Mackan79\n",
      "949 4 Mackan79\n",
      "950 4 Mackan79\n",
      "951 4 Mackan79\n",
      "952 4 Mackan79\n",
      "953 4 Huldra\n",
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      "955 4 74.101.137.212\n",
      "956 4 Mackan79\n",
      "957 4 Jayjg\n",
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      "960 4 Former user 2\n",
      "961 4 Zero0000\n",
      "962 4 Anas Salloum\n",
      "963 4 Anas Salloum\n",
      "964 4 Former user 2\n",
      "965 4 Filius Rosadis\n",
      "966 4 Mackan79\n",
      "967 4 Mackan79\n",
      "968 4 68.100.151.247\n",
      "969 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "970 4 67.72.98.45\n",
      "971 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "972 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
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      "974 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "975 4 Former user 2\n",
      "976 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "977 4 Former user 2\n",
      "978 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "979 4 Mackan79\n",
      "980 4 Mackan79\n",
      "981 4 Mackan79\n",
      "982 4 Mackan79\n",
      "983 4 Former user 2\n",
      "984 4 Filius Rosadis\n",
      "985 4 Former user 2\n",
      "986 4 Mackan79\n",
      "987 4 Former user 2\n",
      "988 4 Filius Rosadis\n",
      "989 4 Former user 2\n",
      "990 4 Mackan79\n",
      "991 4 Former user 2\n",
      "992 4 Filius Rosadis\n",
      "993 4 Former user 2\n",
      "994 4 Filius Rosadis\n",
      "995 4 Former user 2\n",
      "996 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "997 4 Former user 2\n",
      "998 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "999 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1000 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1001 4 Tickle me\n",
      "1002 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1003 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1004 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1005 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1006 4 72.136.30.71\n",
      "1007 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1008 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1009 4 89.1.61.47\n",
      "1010 4 FayssalF\n",
      "1011 4 FayssalF\n",
      "1012 4 Arrow740\n",
      "1013 4 Itsmejudith\n",
      "1014 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1015 4 GHcool\n",
      "1016 4 Palmiro\n",
      "1017 4 152.78.123.121\n",
      "1018 4 152.78.123.121\n",
      "1019 4 203.170.71.58\n",
      "1020 4 158.143.170.183\n",
      "1021 4 Cometstyles\n",
      "1022 4 Shamir1\n",
      "1023 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1024 4 140.180.8.189\n",
      "1025 4 83.31.222.69\n",
      "1026 4 Idioma-bot\n",
      "1027 4 SmackBot\n",
      "1028 4 Charles Matthews\n",
      "1029 4 217.52.13.109\n",
      "1030 4 Garzo\n",
      "1031 4 SmackBot\n",
      "1032 4 Arrow740\n",
      "1033 4 Subhan1\n",
      "1034 4 Sohailstyle\n",
      "1035 4 Sohailstyle\n",
      "1036 4 24.131.195.195\n",
      "1037 4 Sjjb\n",
      "1038 4 18.113.0.80\n",
      "1039 4 18.113.0.80\n",
      "1040 4 18.113.0.80\n",
      "1041 4 67.182.144.45\n",
      "1042 4 86.122.95.117\n",
      "1043 4 86.122.95.117\n",
      "1044 4 86.122.95.117\n",
      "1045 4 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1046 4 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1047 4 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1048 4 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1049 2 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1050 2 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1051 2 24.109.48.104\n",
      "1052 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1053 4 24.60.117.127\n",
      "1054 4 82.11.183.206\n",
      "1055 4 DJRafe\n",
      "1056 2 Andersmk73\n",
      "1057 4 Qxz\n",
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      "1059 4 136.167.71.166\n",
      "1060 4 136.167.71.166\n",
      "1061 2 136.167.71.166\n",
      "1062 2 136.167.71.166\n",
      "1063 4 Garzo\n",
      "1064 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1065 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1066 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1067 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1068 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1069 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1070 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1071 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1072 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1073 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1074 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1075 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1076 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1077 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1078 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1079 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1080 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1081 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1082 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1083 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1084 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1085 4 62.136.94.49\n",
      "1086 4 Ian Pitchford\n",
      "1087 4 Razzsic\n",
      "1088 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1089 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1090 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1091 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1092 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1093 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1094 4 CltFn\n",
      "1095 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1096 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1097 4 Meowy\n",
      "1098 4 Meowy\n",
      "1099 4 Meowy\n",
      "1100 4 Darklilac\n",
      "1101 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1102 4 81.192.37.106\n",
      "1103 4 Garzo\n",
      "1104 4 Snowbot\n",
      "1105 4 80.228.112.34\n",
      "1106 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1107 4 Sohailstyle\n",
      "1108 4 210.84.7.42\n",
      "1109 4 86.129.173.92\n",
      "1110 4 BertSen\n",
      "1111 4 Spectheintro\n",
      "1112 4 Jayjg\n",
      "1113 4 Tiamut\n",
      "1114 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1115 4 Itsmejudith\n",
      "1116 2 136.167.70.50\n",
      "1117 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1118 4 Dodecaphonia\n",
      "1119 4 70.49.163.124\n",
      "1120 4 212.71.37.101\n",
      "1121 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1122 4 Chiwara\n",
      "1123 4 Vssun\n",
      "1124 4 Wahabijaz\n",
      "1125 4 NomadOfArabia\n",
      "1126 4 NomadOfArabia\n",
      "1127 4 Jayjg\n",
      "1128 4 137.99.95.231\n",
      "1129 4 Cricketgirl\n",
      "1130 3 137.99.94.232\n",
      "1131 4 Natalie Erin\n",
      "1132 4 137.99.95.231\n",
      "1133 4 LibLord\n",
      "1134 3 137.99.94.232\n",
      "1135 4 LibLord\n",
      "1136 4 137.99.95.231\n",
      "1137 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1138 4 G-Dett\n",
      "1139 4 G-Dett\n",
      "1140 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1141 4 Tewfik\n",
      "1142 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1143 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1144 4 Ian Pitchford\n",
      "1145 4 Zeq\n",
      "1146 4 Ian Pitchford\n",
      "1147 4 NomadOfArabia\n",
      "1148 4 NomadOfArabia\n",
      "1149 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1150 4 86.212.46.166\n",
      "1151 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1152 4 Edenbeast\n",
      "1153 4 Gsb2003\n",
      "1154 4 Mackan79\n",
      "1155 4 Tewfik\n",
      "1156 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1157 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1158 4 66.30.211.232\n",
      "1159 4 86.108.79.161\n",
      "1160 4 86.108.79.161\n",
      "1161 4 86.108.79.161\n",
      "1162 4 86.108.79.161\n",
      "1163 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1164 4 Djacobs272\n",
      "1165 4 Leebo\n",
      "1166 4 65.207.119.179\n",
      "1167 4 Nivix\n",
      "1168 4 65.207.119.179\n",
      "1169 4 Murderbike\n",
      "1170 4 65.207.119.179\n",
      "1171 4 Djacobs272\n",
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      "1174 4 65.207.119.179\n",
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      "1176 4 142.161.72.80\n",
      "1177 4 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1178 4 Bbsrock\n",
      "1179 4 Sagefrakrobatik\n",
      "1180 4 Qwertyus\n",
      "1181 4 Razzsic\n",
      "1182 4 Former user 2\n",
      "1183 4 Tadanisakari\n",
      "1184 4 Tadanisakari\n",
      "1185 4 72.136.30.71\n",
      "1186 4 Jayjg\n",
      "1187 5 Steveng72\n",
      "1188 5 Razzsic\n",
      "1189 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1190 5 71.227.191.140\n",
      "1191 5 71.227.191.140\n",
      "1192 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1193 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1194 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1195 5 Abnn\n",
      "1196 5 Al Ameer son\n",
      "1197 6 AAA765\n",
      "1198 6 87.101.244.9\n",
      "1199 6 87.101.244.9\n",
      "1200 6 Jbmurray\n",
      "1201 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1202 6 Tiamut\n",
      "1203 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1204 6 AAA765\n",
      "1205 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1206 5 66.30.211.232\n",
      "1207 5 Flammingo\n",
      "1208 5 Flammingo\n",
      "1209 5 Flammingo\n",
      "1210 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1211 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1212 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1213 5 Gabbe\n",
      "1214 5 213.178.224.160\n",
      "1215 5 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1216 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1217 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1218 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1219 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1220 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1221 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1222 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1223 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1224 5 Archantos15\n",
      "1225 5 Tewfik\n",
      "1226 5 66.92.146.157\n",
      "1227 5 156.34.222.222\n",
      "1228 5 156.34.222.222\n",
      "1229 5 Vebell\n",
      "1230 5 Archantos15\n",
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      "1232 5 Zeq\n",
      "1233 5 Itsmejudith\n",
      "1234 5 Itsmejudith\n",
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      "1236 5 24.92.252.0\n",
      "1237 5 Abnn\n",
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      "1239 5 Ian Pitchford\n",
      "1240 6 Tewfik\n",
      "1241 6 131.111.8.97\n",
      "1242 6 CmdrObot\n",
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      "1244 6 Itsmejudith\n",
      "1245 6 Tickle me\n",
      "1246 6 Tickle me\n",
      "1247 6 Tickle me\n",
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      "1249 6 Garzo\n",
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      "1262 6 BoogaLouie\n",
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      "1323 7 BertSen\n",
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      "1327 7 24.44.120.168\n",
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      "1340 7 Hornplease\n",
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      "1343 7 75.80.23.216\n",
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      "1376 7 66.26.87.238\n",
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      "1397 6 76.111.68.206\n",
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      "1404 7 BotMultichill\n",
      "1405 7 Nathanhcr\n",
      "1406 7 Nathanhcr\n",
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      "1410 7 BoogaLouie\n",
      "1411 7 Yahel Guhan\n",
      "1412 7 Darkblue12345\n",
      "1413 7 Andy Marchbanks\n",
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      "1445 6 Nonexistant User\n",
      "1446 6 BoogaLouie\n",
      "1447 6 Lockesdonkey\n",
      "1448 6 Lockesdonkey\n",
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      "1474 6 ClueBot\n",
      "1475 6 Charley1984\n",
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      "1479 6 DumZiBoT\n",
      "1480 6 Itsmejudith\n",
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      "1482 6 Grantsky\n",
      "1483 6 Irajaix\n",
      "1484 6 Aristophanes68\n",
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      "1486 6 TAnthony\n",
      "1487 6 TAnthony\n",
      "1488 6 Odikuas\n",
      "1489 6 123.243.24.141\n",
      "1490 6 Odikuas\n",
      "1491 6 59.167.147.32\n",
      "1492 6 59.167.147.32\n",
      "1493 6 59.167.147.32\n",
      "1494 6 Nonexistant User\n",
      "1495 6 An Siarach\n",
      "1496 6 71.234.224.210\n",
      "1497 6 84.167.169.204\n",
      "1498 6 Lightmouse\n",
      "1499 6 4.234.15.196\n",
      "1500 6 Epa101\n",
      "1501 6 Epa101\n",
      "1502 6 128.135.192.152\n",
      "1503 6 203.134.48.170\n",
      "1504 6 Belgrano\n",
      "1505 6 77.1.177.131\n",
      "1506 6 77.1.177.131\n",
      "1507 6 85.96.78.172\n",
      "1508 6 Ave Caesar\n",
      "1509 6 76.22.122.36\n",
      "1510 6 Zeq\n",
      "1511 6 BoogaLouie\n",
      "1512 6 DumZiBoT\n",
      "1513 6 128.114.162.141\n",
      "1514 6 Yankee Scribe\n",
      "1515 6 Yankee Scribe\n",
      "1516 6 Yankee Scribe\n",
      "1517 6 Escarbot\n",
      "1518 6 155.245.35.35\n",
      "1519 6 XLinkBot\n",
      "1520 6 75.3.194.142\n",
      "1521 6 75.3.194.142\n",
      "1522 6 75.3.194.142\n",
      "1523 6 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "1524 6 78.150.118.171\n",
      "1525 6 67.180.199.222\n",
      "1526 6 Ulyssesmsu\n",
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      "1528 6 24.250.21.36\n",
      "1529 6 JzG\n",
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      "1532 6 72.255.12.253\n",
      "1533 6 35.11.155.198\n",
      "1534 6 Romeisburning\n",
      "1535 6 Romeisburning\n",
      "1536 6 Adoniscik\n",
      "1537 6 Adoniscik\n",
      "1538 6 Adoniscik\n",
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      "1540 5 Masterpiece2000\n",
      "1541 4 Masterpiece2000\n",
      "1542 4 Masterpiece2000\n",
      "1543 4 Masterpiece2000\n",
      "1544 4 70.240.216.34\n",
      "1545 4 Richtig27\n",
      "1546 4 Richtig27\n",
      "1547 4 138.238.236.134\n",
      "1548 4 Annoynmous\n",
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      "1550 4 Annoynmous\n",
      "1551 4 Annoynmous\n",
      "1552 4 66.30.211.232\n",
      "1553 4 MisterSheik\n",
      "1554 4 MisterSheik\n",
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      "1556 4 MisterSheik\n",
      "1557 4 MisterSheik\n",
      "1558 4 Good Olfactory\n",
      "1559 4 138.88.82.199\n",
      "1560 4 218.79.151.114\n",
      "1561 4 MER-C\n",
      "1562 4 Hu12\n",
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      "1564 4 Textbook\n",
      "1565 4 Al Ameer son\n",
      "1566 4 Svejk74\n",
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      "1568 4 76.242.62.229\n",
      "1569 4 Masterpiece2000\n",
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      "1571 4 BoogaLouie\n",
      "1572 4 Annoynmous\n",
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      "1574 4 Mareklug\n",
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      "1580 4 Pgan002\n",
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      "1582 4 Keilana\n",
      "1583 4 Causteau\n",
      "1584 4 01011000\n",
      "1585 4 67.180.33.69\n",
      "1586 4 WuBot\n",
      "1587 4 137.99.222.215\n",
      "1588 4 Tslocum\n",
      "1589 4 Cydebot\n",
      "1590 4 90.197.35.221\n",
      "1591 4 194.122.195.105\n",
      "1592 4 N-k\n",
      "1593 4 Peter cohen\n",
      "1594 5 Koavf\n",
      "1595 5 Koavf\n",
      "1596 5 Cydebot\n",
      "1597 5 Cydebot\n",
      "1598 5 98.14.128.189\n",
      "1599 5 81.153.230.194\n",
      "1600 5 Good Olfactory\n",
      "1601 5 Langdell\n",
      "1602 5 199.94.71.42\n",
      "1603 5 68.116.146.195\n",
      "1604 5 206.205.122.76\n",
      "1605 5 97.113.19.96\n",
      "1606 5 97.113.19.96\n",
      "1607 5 Mdabasel\n",
      "1608 5 136.244.54.111\n",
      "1609 6 Fram\n",
      "1610 6 Tonyrex\n",
      "1611 6 71.57.148.190\n",
      "1612 6 Dance21c\n",
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      "1618 6 24.186.64.35\n",
      "1619 6 Peter cohen\n",
      "1620 6 142.58.182.234\n",
      "1621 6 Pharaoh of the Wizards\n",
      "1622 6 Vanished user skj3ioo3jwifjsek35y\n",
      "1623 6 Vanished user skj3ioo3jwifjsek35y\n",
      "1624 6 Vanished user skj3ioo3jwifjsek35y\n",
      "1625 6 Vanished user skj3ioo3jwifjsek35y\n",
      "1626 6 Peter cohen\n",
      "1627 6 66.183.108.36\n",
      "1628 6 66.183.108.36\n",
      "1629 6 Woohookitty\n",
      "1630 6 Yonidebot\n",
      "1631 6 129.98.208.44\n",
      "1632 6 Peter cohen\n",
      "1633 6 163.1.181.60\n",
      "1634 6 Bubble4\n",
      "1635 6 Uriber\n",
      "1636 6 24.44.88.175\n",
      "1637 6 Itsmejudith\n",
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      "1641 6 Konzack\n",
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      "1643 6 88.75.215.181\n",
      "1644 6 Neilodini\n",
      "1645 6 Vgy7ujm\n",
      "1646 6 Nishkid64\n",
      "1647 6 66.30.220.135\n",
      "1648 6 Nishkid64\n",
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      "1653 6 Barbarosa123\n",
      "1654 6 122.168.26.19\n",
      "1655 6 Catgut\n",
      "1656 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1657 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1658 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1659 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1660 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1661 6 Lapsed Pacifist\n",
      "1662 6 Mashkin\n",
      "1663 6 66.183.40.147\n",
      "1664 6 24.184.34.91\n",
      "1665 6 Closedmouth\n",
      "1666 6 24.184.34.91\n",
      "1667 6 Closedmouth\n",
      "1668 6 24.184.34.91\n",
      "1669 6 24.184.34.91\n",
      "1670 6 Nishkid64\n",
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      "1674 6 Historicist\n",
      "1675 6 AnomieBOT\n",
      "1676 6 M3taphysical\n",
      "1677 6 173.89.10.190\n",
      "1678 6 192.246.234.85\n",
      "1679 6 Hibernia345\n",
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      "1681 6 Nishkid64\n",
      "1682 6 Kwertii\n",
      "1683 6 Hakemelias\n",
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      "1685 6 Hakemelias\n",
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      "1687 6 83.245.134.88\n",
      "1688 6 Fjmustak\n",
      "1689 6 Historicist\n",
      "1690 6 86.52.133.74\n",
      "1691 6 86.52.133.74\n",
      "1692 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1693 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1694 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1695 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1696 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1697 6 Pgan002\n",
      "1698 7 Pgan002\n",
      "1699 7 Pgan002\n",
      "1700 7 141.209.29.157\n",
      "1701 7 CommonsDelinker\n",
      "1702 7 Bigsaidlover\n",
      "1703 7 Bigsaidlover\n",
      "1704 7 Catgut\n",
      "1705 7 Bigsaidlover\n",
      "1706 7 Paul Barlow\n",
      "1707 7 Paul Barlow\n",
      "1708 7 Paul Barlow\n",
      "1709 7 Morning star\n",
      "1710 7 67.169.83.61\n",
      "1711 7 24.11.127.26\n",
      "1712 7 Fjmustak\n",
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      "1714 7 BD2412\n",
      "1715 7 Alexbot\n",
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      "1738 8 131.111.194.10\n",
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      "1753 8 Skywriter\n",
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      "1777 8 Bobnorwal\n",
      "1778 8 Bobnorwal\n",
      "1779 8 80.24.192.181\n",
      "1780 8 Farajb\n",
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      "1788 8 78.12.216.169\n",
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      "1848 8 Open2universe\n",
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      "1868 10 LoverOfTheRussianQueen\n",
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      "1909 11 RolandR\n",
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      "1915 11 Peter cohen\n",
      "1916 11 Epeefleche\n",
      "1917 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1918 11 Epeefleche\n",
      "1919 11 FoxBot\n",
      "1920 11 RussBot\n",
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      "1922 11 24.201.144.190\n",
      "1923 11 24.201.144.190\n",
      "1924 11 24.201.144.190\n",
      "1925 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1926 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1927 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1928 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1929 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1930 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1931 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1932 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1933 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1934 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1935 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1936 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1937 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1938 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1939 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1940 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1941 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1942 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1943 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1944 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1945 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1946 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1947 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1948 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1949 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1950 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1951 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1952 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1953 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1954 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1955 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1956 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1957 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1958 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1959 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1960 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1961 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1962 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1963 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1964 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1965 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1966 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1967 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1968 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1969 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1970 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1971 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1972 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1973 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1974 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1975 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1976 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1977 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1978 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1979 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1980 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1981 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1982 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1983 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1984 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1985 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1986 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1987 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1988 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1989 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1990 11 SmackBot\n",
      "1991 11 Ursprung\n",
      "1992 11 Ursprung\n",
      "1993 11 Ursprung\n",
      "1994 11 Ursprung\n",
      "1995 11 Grunge6910\n",
      "1996 11 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1997 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1998 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "1999 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2000 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2001 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2002 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2003 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2004 9 Peter cohen\n",
      "2005 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2006 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2007 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2008 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2009 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2010 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2011 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2012 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2013 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2014 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2015 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2016 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2017 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2018 9 Evenfiel\n",
      "2019 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2020 9 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2021 8 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "2022 9 Commodore Sloat\n",
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      "2038 9 77.103.8.120\n",
      "2039 9 77.103.8.120\n",
      "2040 9 XLinkBot\n",
      "2041 8 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2042 8 Skywriter\n",
      "2043 8 Raudys\n",
      "2044 8 Updatehelper\n",
      "2045 7 RolandR\n",
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      "2047 7 Grunge6910\n",
      "2048 7 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2049 7 Canterbury Tail\n",
      "2050 7 SmackBot\n",
      "2051 7 Jezhotwells\n",
      "2052 7 Jezhotwells\n",
      "2053 7 Jezhotwells\n",
      "2054 7 Jezhotwells\n",
      "2055 7 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2056 6 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2057 6 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2058 6 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2059 5 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2060 5 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2061 5 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2062 5 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2063 5 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2064 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2065 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2066 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2067 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2068 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2069 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2070 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2071 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2072 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2073 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2074 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2075 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2076 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2077 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2078 2 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2079 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2080 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2081 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2082 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2083 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2084 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2085 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2086 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2087 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2088 3 Jonyungk\n",
      "2089 3 Jonyungk\n",
      "2090 3 Jonyungk\n",
      "2091 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2092 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2093 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2094 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2095 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2096 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2097 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2098 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2099 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2100 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2101 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2102 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2103 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2104 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2105 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2106 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2107 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2108 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2109 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2110 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2111 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2112 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2113 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2114 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2115 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2116 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2117 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2118 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2119 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2120 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2121 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2122 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2123 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2124 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2125 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2126 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2127 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2128 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2129 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2130 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2131 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2132 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2133 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2134 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2135 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2136 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2137 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2138 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2139 3 AnomieBOT\n",
      "2140 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2141 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2142 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2143 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2144 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2145 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2146 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2147 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2148 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2149 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2150 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2151 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2152 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2153 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2154 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2155 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2156 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2157 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2158 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2159 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2160 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2161 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2162 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2163 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2164 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2165 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2166 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2167 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2168 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2169 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2170 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2171 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2172 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2173 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2174 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2175 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2176 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2177 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2178 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2179 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2180 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2181 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2182 3 Skywriter\n",
      "2183 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2184 3 Skywriter\n",
      "2185 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2186 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2187 3 Grunge6910\n",
      "2188 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2189 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2190 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2191 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2192 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2193 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2194 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2195 3 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2196 12 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2197 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2198 23 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2199 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2200 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2201 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2202 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2203 14 Bender235\n",
      "2204 14 41.203.222.154\n",
      "2205 14 41.203.222.154\n",
      "2206 14 GB fan\n",
      "2207 14 75.56.201.145\n",
      "2208 14 75.56.201.145\n",
      "2209 14 75.56.201.145\n",
      "2210 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2211 14 Jagged 85\n",
      "2212 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2213 14 TobeBot\n",
      "2214 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2215 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2216 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2217 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2218 14 Miss-simworld\n",
      "2219 14 Miss-simworld\n",
      "2220 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2221 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2222 14 Miss-simworld\n",
      "2223 14 Peter cohen\n",
      "2224 14 128.232.235.33\n",
      "2225 14 Abie the Fish Peddler\n",
      "2226 14 Zorrobot\n",
      "2227 14 24.5.193.61\n",
      "2228 14 24.5.193.61\n",
      "2229 14 24.5.193.61\n",
      "2230 14 24.5.193.61\n",
      "2231 14 Commodore Sloat\n",
      "2232 14 PaliChristianGirl\n",
      "2233 14 PaliChristianGirl\n",
      "2234 14 AMuseo\n",
      "2235 14 98.232.228.1\n",
      "2236 14 160.39.236.203\n",
      "2237 14 Kwamikagami\n",
      "2238 14 134.71.119.100\n",
      "2239 14 134.71.118.36\n",
      "2240 14 134.71.119.100\n",
      "2241 14 134.71.118.36\n",
      "2242 14 Nableezy\n",
      "2243 14 AMuseo\n",
      "2244 14 Hunterrepublicans\n",
      "2245 14 Cydebot\n",
      "2246 14 Dangling Reference\n",
      "2247 14 Dangling Reference\n",
      "2248 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2249 14 99.147.240.180\n",
      "2250 14 99.147.240.180\n",
      "2251 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2252 14 Nitewarmr\n",
      "2253 14 Dangling Reference\n",
      "2254 14 Nableezy\n",
      "2255 14 Nata 99\n",
      "2256 14 Nata 99\n",
      "2257 14 Nata 99\n",
      "2258 14 Nata 99\n",
      "2259 14 99.238.79.186\n",
      "2260 14 174.115.226.25\n",
      "2261 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2262 14 Metallurgist\n",
      "2263 14 Gloriamarie\n",
      "2264 14 Cydebot\n",
      "2265 14 TobeBot\n",
      "2266 14 218.186.12.249\n",
      "2267 14 Cydebot\n",
      "2268 14 72.229.145.9\n",
      "2269 14 72.229.145.9\n",
      "2270 14 CrimsonBlue\n",
      "2271 14 RjwilmsiBot\n",
      "2272 14 71.228.88.33\n",
      "2273 14 71.228.88.33\n",
      "2274 14 71.228.88.33\n",
      "2275 14 Adamseline\n",
      "2276 14 128.197.131.187\n",
      "2277 14 GB fan\n",
      "2278 14 168.122.245.215\n",
      "2279 14 Luckas-bot\n",
      "2280 14 Joshua Scott\n",
      "2281 14 Lggkfjh\n",
      "2282 14 XLinkBot\n",
      "2283 14 Lggkfjh\n",
      "2284 14 202.40.139.168\n",
      "2285 14 JamesAM\n",
      "2286 14 Rich Farmbrough\n",
      "2287 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2288 14 70.225.174.164\n",
      "2289 14 94.196.56.92\n",
      "2290 14 Ulric1313\n",
      "2291 14 Misarxist\n",
      "2292 14 Misarxist\n",
      "2293 14 Visite fortuitement prolongée\n",
      "2294 14 Woohookitty\n",
      "2295 14 Lihaas\n",
      "2296 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2297 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2298 14 Patsw\n",
      "2299 14 41.153.45.168\n",
      "2300 14 183.81.137.51\n",
      "2301 14 L Kensington\n",
      "2302 14 Jayjg\n",
      "2303 14 99.23.129.60\n",
      "2304 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2305 14 Alflayla\n",
      "2306 14 Swliv\n",
      "2307 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2308 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2309 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2310 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2311 14 ArthurBot\n",
      "2312 14 184.74.168.238\n",
      "2313 14 Avraham\n",
      "2314 14 BotMultichill\n",
      "2315 14 Swliv\n",
      "2316 14 65.96.155.159\n",
      "2317 14 DASHBotAV\n",
      "2318 14 75.3.245.81\n",
      "2319 14 212.174.172.194\n",
      "2320 14 70.77.233.53\n",
      "2321 14 Afghan Historian\n",
      "2322 14 98.204.29.11\n",
      "2323 14 98.204.29.11\n",
      "2324 14 RjwilmsiBot\n",
      "2325 14 AnomieBOT\n",
      "2326 14 Angusmclellan\n",
      "2327 14 MoiraMoira\n",
      "2328 14 Alexis Paladin\n",
      "2329 14 JJARichardson\n",
      "2330 14 129.173.27.162\n",
      "2331 14 OpenlibraryBot\n",
      "2332 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2333 14 Yobot\n",
      "2334 14 Delia Peabody\n",
      "2335 14 Vodnokon4e\n",
      "2336 14 Classicfilms\n",
      "2337 14 Luckas-bot\n",
      "2338 14 Keith-264\n",
      "2339 14 173.85.199.228\n",
      "2340 14 87.77.169.157\n",
      "2341 14 130.115.205.99\n",
      "2342 14 130.115.205.99\n",
      "2343 14 82.213.38.2\n",
      "2344 14 160.39.139.88\n",
      "2345 14 83.111.100.10\n",
      "2346 14 67.193.212.147\n",
      "2347 14 Aristophanes68\n",
      "2348 14 Aristophanes68\n",
      "2349 14 Aristophanes68\n",
      "2350 14 Jaque Hammer\n",
      "2351 14 86.24.204.75\n",
      "2352 14 86.24.204.75\n",
      "2353 14 Avaya1\n",
      "2354 14 Avaya1\n",
      "2355 14 Avaya1\n",
      "2356 14 Woohookitty\n",
      "2357 14 163.1.109.205\n",
      "2358 14 Karl 334\n",
      "2359 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2360 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2361 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2362 14 82.26.0.138\n",
      "2363 14 82.26.0.138\n",
      "2364 14 82.26.0.138\n",
      "2365 14 82.26.0.138\n",
      "2366 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2367 14 Grunge6910\n",
      "2368 14 Edward Wong George\n",
      "2369 14 Kumioko (renamed)\n",
      "2370 14 194.170.173.243\n",
      "2371 14 ClueBot NG\n",
      "2372 14 Magioladitis\n",
      "2373 14 86.10.89.140\n",
      "2374 14 AgadaUrbanit\n",
      "2375 14 Kumioko (renamed)\n",
      "2376 14 98.247.89.224\n",
      "2377 14 Salvio giuliano\n",
      "2378 15 KAMiKAZOW\n",
      "2379 15 KAMiKAZOW\n",
      "2380 18 KAMiKAZOW\n",
      "2381 18 213.64.208.41\n",
      "2382 18 66.183.62.214\n",
      "2383 18 213.64.208.41\n",
      "2384 18 213.64.208.41\n",
      "2385 18 Nicholasbaptiste\n",
      "2386 18 Seergenius\n",
      "2387 18 136.167.70.51\n",
      "2388 18 136.167.70.51\n",
      "2389 17 136.167.70.51\n",
      "2390 18 Robo Cop\n",
      "2391 17 136.167.70.51\n",
      "2392 18 Tom Morris\n",
      "2393 18 Nableezy\n",
      "2394 18 BBCRCA\n",
      "2395 18 BBCRCA\n",
      "2396 18 Luckas-bot\n",
      "2397 18 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2398 18 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2399 18 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2400 18 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2401 18 Antidiskriminator\n",
      "2402 18 122.244.69.78\n",
      "2403 18 JJARichardson\n",
      "2404 18 119.155.121.32\n",
      "2405 18 Lagrange613\n",
      "2406 18 142.150.24.60\n",
      "2407 18 216.165.18.100\n",
      "2408 18 Sunray\n",
      "2409 18 138.88.173.85\n",
      "2410 18 111.248.225.238\n",
      "2411 18 111.248.225.238\n",
      "2412 19 MangoWong\n",
      "2413 19 MangoWong\n",
      "2414 19 Anders Feder\n",
      "2415 19 AnomieBOT\n",
      "2416 20 MangoWong\n",
      "2417 20 Nableezy\n",
      "2418 21 MangoWong\n",
      "2419 22 MangoWong\n",
      "2420 22 MangoWong\n",
      "2421 22 MangoWong\n",
      "2422 22 212.198.210.192\n",
      "2423 22 Lagrange613\n",
      "2424 23 RjwilmsiBot\n",
      "2425 23 KConWiki\n",
      "2426 23 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2427 23 41.135.114.219\n",
      "2428 24 109.150.42.177\n",
      "2429 24 Rich Farmbrough\n",
      "2430 24 Donmike10\n",
      "2431 24 Lacrimosus\n",
      "2432 24 Aichik\n",
      "2433 24 Aichik\n",
      "2434 24 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2435 24 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2436 24 72.229.15.113\n",
      "2437 24 Sunray\n",
      "2438 24 106.194.191.137\n",
      "2439 24 TheRedPenOfDoom\n",
      "2440 24 139.67.133.28\n",
      "2441 24 TheRedPenOfDoom\n",
      "2442 24 139.67.133.28\n",
      "2443 24 139.67.208.211\n",
      "2444 24 71.235.99.147\n",
      "2445 24 Rjwilmsi\n",
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      "2451 24 Anomalocaris\n",
      "2452 24 Bruce Marold\n",
      "2453 24 Bruce Marold\n",
      "2454 24 Bruce Marold\n",
      "2455 24 Helpful Pixie Bot\n",
      "2456 24 Anomalocaris\n",
      "2457 24 Helpful Pixie Bot\n",
      "2458 24 VivaWikipedia\n",
      "2459 24 79.179.28.222\n",
      "2460 24 108.65.12.219\n",
      "2461 24 Iopag\n",
      "2462 24 Iopag\n",
      "2463 24 Woohookitty\n",
      "2464 24 Mike hayes\n",
      "2465 24 Mike hayes\n",
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      "2469 23 Mike hayes\n",
      "2470 22 Mike hayes\n",
      "2471 22 Mike hayes\n",
      "2472 21 Mike hayes\n",
      "2473 21 Mike hayes\n",
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      "2475 21 Mike hayes\n",
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      "2477 22 Mike hayes\n",
      "2478 22 Fdarchive\n",
      "2479 22 Fdarchive\n",
      "2480 22 Jonund\n",
      "2481 22 108.65.12.219\n",
      "2482 22 خالد حسني\n",
      "2483 22 180.193.73.185\n",
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      "2485 22 RedBot\n",
      "2486 22 69.248.98.23\n",
      "2487 22 FrescoBot\n",
      "2488 22 86.41.40.43\n",
      "2489 22 86.41.40.43\n",
      "2490 22 Avaya1\n",
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      "2492 22 InverseHypercube\n",
      "2493 22 Mhazard9\n",
      "2494 22 Mhazard9\n",
      "2495 22 CN3777\n",
      "2496 14 BernardZ\n",
      "2497 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2498 14 Superm401\n",
      "2499 14 Xklm\n",
      "2500 14 Xklm\n",
      "2501 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2502 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2503 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2504 14 Xklm\n",
      "2505 14 Xklm\n",
      "2506 14 Mahmudmasri\n",
      "2507 14 64.107.183.110\n",
      "2508 14 76.119.236.137\n",
      "2509 14 76.119.236.137\n",
      "2510 14 Jean.julius\n",
      "2511 14 StAnselm\n",
      "2512 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2513 14 99.138.173.67\n",
      "2514 14 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2515 14 BernardZ\n",
      "2516 14 134.74.74.113\n",
      "2517 14 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2518 14 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2519 14 70.138.120.236\n",
      "2520 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2521 11 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2522 14 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2523 14 24.61.14.41\n",
      "2524 14 Polymath1900\n",
      "2525 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2526 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2527 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2528 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2529 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2530 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2531 14 Mhazard9\n",
      "2532 15 Mhazard9\n",
      "2533 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2534 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2535 16 66.99.1.129\n",
      "2536 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2537 16 67.193.134.149\n",
      "2538 16 67.193.134.149\n",
      "2539 16 67.193.134.149\n",
      "2540 16 209.6.145.224\n",
      "2541 16 209.6.145.224\n",
      "2542 16 EmausBot\n",
      "2543 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2544 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2545 16 209.6.145.224\n",
      "2546 16 209.6.145.224\n",
      "2547 16 All Hallow\\'s Wraith\n",
      "2548 16 All Hallow\\'s Wraith\n",
      "2549 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2550 16 194.239.215.82\n",
      "2551 16 90.244.237.168\n",
      "2552 16 Tech77\n",
      "2553 16 24.88.90.113\n",
      "2554 16 Tech77\n",
      "2555 16 46.193.133.89\n",
      "2556 16 195.59.156.126\n",
      "2557 16 ClueBot NG\n",
      "2558 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2559 16 130.120.37.11\n",
      "2560 16 ChristineBushMV\n",
      "2561 16 Yermiyahu\n",
      "2562 16 Yermiyahu\n",
      "2563 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2564 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2565 16 117.253.198.64\n",
      "2566 16 41.43.62.98\n",
      "2567 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2568 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2569 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2570 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2571 16 Mark Arsten\n",
      "2572 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2573 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2574 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2575 16 Mhazard9\n",
      "2576 16 B.Andersohn\n",
      "2577 16 B.Andersohn\n",
      "2578 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2579 16 BernardZ\n",
      "2580 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2581 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2582 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2583 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2584 16 Dlv999\n",
      "2585 16 Mhazard9\n",
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   ],
   "source": [
    "# Get citations for template revisions\n",
    "editor_citations = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "revisionpath = '/home/michael/school/cprose_research/wp/wp_articles/article_revisions_templates/edward_said.tsv'\n",
    "with open(revisionpath, 'r') as csvfile:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter='\\t')\n",
    "    #for i in range(0,10):\n",
    "    #    next(reader)\n",
    "    for i, row in enumerate(reader):\n",
    "        text = row[2]\n",
    "        editor = row[3]\n",
    "        citations = get_citations(text)\n",
    "        print(i, len(citations), editor)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\"TEMPLATE[Infobox_philosopher, region           = [[Western philosophy]], era              = [[20th-century philosophy]], color            = #B0C4DE, name           = Edward Wadie Said, image          = Edward Said.jpg, size           =, caption=, birth_name        = Edward Wadie Said, birth_date     = 1 November 1935, birth_place    = [[Jerusalem]], [[Mandatory Palestine]], death_date     = 25 September 2003 (aged 67), death_place    = New York City, New York, United States, nationality = American, religion       = [[Agnostic]], school_tradition = [[Post-colonialism]], [[Post-modernism]], notable_ideas    = [[Occidentalism]], [[Orientalism]], [[Other, The Other]], influences     = [[Theodor Adorno]], [[R. P. Blackmur]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Michel Foucault]], [[Antonio Gramsci]], [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[Giambattista Vico]], and [[Raymond Williams]]., influenced     = [[Homi K. Bhabha]], [[Gayatri Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar), Partha Chatterjee]], [[Hamid Dabashi]], [[John Esposito]],  [[Robert Fisk]], [[Nigel Gibson]], [[Derek Gregory]], [[Ranajit Guha]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Grace Ji-Sun Kim]], [[Rashid Khalidi]], [[Mahmood Mamdani]],  [[Joseph Massad]], and [[John Strawson]].]TEMPLATE[Palestinians]Edward Wadie Said (TEMPLATE[IPA-ar, wædiːʕ sæʕiːd]; TEMPLATE[lang-ar, إدوارد وديع سعيد], TEMPLATE[transl, ar, Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd]; 1 November 1935 – 25 September 2003) was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, a literary theoretician, and a public intellectual who was a founding figure of the critical-theory field of Post-colonialism.Robert Young, White Mythologies: Writing History and the West, New York & London: Routledge, 1990. Born a Palestinian Arab in the Jerusalem city of Mandatory Palestine (1920–48), he was an American citizen through his father.“Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) p. 556. Said was an advocate for the political and the human rights of the Palestinian people, whom the journalist Robert Fisk described as their most powerful voice.TEMPLATE[cite_news, url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-why-bombing-ashkelon-is-the-most-tragic-irony-1216228.html, title=Robert Fisk: Why bombing Ashkelon is the most tragic irony, last=Fisk, first=Robert, date=30 December 2008, work=[[The Independent]], accessdate=6 June 2013] As a cultural critic, academic, and writer, Said is best known for the book Orientalism (1978), an analysis of the culturally inaccurate representations that are the bases of Orientalism (a term he coined) — the Western study of Eastern cultures; how The West perceives and represents The East.Ghazoul 290ff.\"\"Edward W. Said (1935–2003) is best known as the author of the influential and widely-read Orientalism (1978)...His forceful defense of secular humanism and of the public role of the intellectual, as much as his trenchant critiques of Orientalism, and his unwavering advocacy of the Palestinian cause, made Said one of the most internationally influential cultural commentators writing out of the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century\"\", Zamir 8031-32.\"\"Edward Said's influential Orientalism (1979) effectively created a discursive field in cultural studies, stimulating fresh critical analysis of Western academic work on the Orient. Although the book has been criticized from many angles, it is still considered to be the seminal work to the field,\"\" Gentz 41ff.\"\"In its current usage, Orient is a key term of cultural critique that derives from Edward W. Said's influential book Orientalism\"\", Gray et al. 212.}} He contended that Orientalist scholarship was, and remains, inextricably tied to the imperialist societies that produced it, which makes much of the work inherently political, servile to power, and therefore intellectually suspect. Orientalism is based upon Said’s intimate knowledge of colonial literature, such as the fiction of Joseph Conrad, and the post-structuralist theories of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, Giambattista Vico, Antonio Gramsci, and Theodor Adorno; and the literary theories of R. P. Blackmur and Raymond Williams, and other philosophers. Orientalism, and his other thematically related works, proved analytically influential in the fields of the humanities, especially in literary theory and in literary criticism.“Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) pp. 561, 565. Moreover, Orientalism proved especially influential upon the field of Middle Eastern studies, wherein it transformed the academic discourse of the field’s practitioners, of how they examine, describe, and define the cultures of the Middle East.Stephen Howe, “Dangerous mind?”, New Humanist, Vol. 123, November/December 2008. As a critic, he vigorously discussed and debated the cultural subjects comprised by Orientalism, especially as applied to and in the fields of history and area studies; nonetheless, some mainstream academics disagreed with Said’s Orientalism thesis, especially the Anglo–American Orientalist Bernard Lewis.Oleg Grabar, Edward Said, Bernard Lewis, “Orientalism: An Exchange”, New York Review of Books, Vol. 29, No. 13. 12 August 1982. Accessed 4 January 2010. As a public intellectual, Said discussed contemporary politics and culture, literature and music in books, lectures, and articles. Drawing from his family experiences, as Palestinian Christians in the Middle East, at the time of the establishment of Israel (1948), Said argued for the establishment of a Palestinian state, for equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel — including the right of return — and for increased U.S. political pressure upon Israel to recognize, grant, and respect said rights; moreover, in that vein, the public intellectual Edward Said also criticized the political and cultural politics of the Arab and Muslim régimes who acted against the interests of their peoples.Richard Bernstein, “Edward Said, Literary Critic and Advocate for Palestinian Independence, Dies at 67”, The New York Times. 26 September 2003. Accessed 5 January 2010. In 1999, with his friend Daniel Barenboim, Edward Said co-founded the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, based in Seville, which comprises young Israeli, Palestinian, and Arab musicians. Besides being a Renaissance Man, Said was an accomplished pianist, and a music journalist; and, with Barenboim, he co-authored the book Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society (2002), a compilation of their conversations about music.Democracy Now!, \"\"Edward Said Archive\"\", DemocracyNow.org, 2003. Accessed 4 January 2010. An intellectually active man until the last months of his life, he died of leukæmia in late 2003. Early life Edward Said was born on 1 November 1935, to Hilda Said and her husband, the businessman Wadir Said, in the Jerusalem city of the British Mandate of Palestine (1920–48).TEMPLATE[cite_news, first=Robert, last=Hughes, title=Envoy to Two Cultures, url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978727,00.html, newspaper=[[Time (magazine), Time]], date=1993-06-21, accessdate=2008-10-21] Edward's father was a Palestinian man who soldiered in the U.S. Army component of the Allied Expeditionary Force (1917–19), commanded by General John J. Pershing, in the First World War (1914–18); Wadir Said and his family were granted U.S. citizenship due to his war-time military service. After the war, in 1919, Wadir Said moved to Cairo and established a stationery business with a cousin. Like her husband, Hilda Said was an Arab Christian, born in Nazareth, a small town in Palestine. Although his parents practiced the Jerusalemite variety of Greek Orthodox Christianity, Edward was agnostic. His only sibling, Rosemarie Said Zahlan (1937–2006), became an historian and a writer.Iskander and Rustom TEMPLATE[page].Corwell 128.TEMPLATE[Cite_book, title=Palestine, author=Joe Sacco, year=2001, publisher=Fantagraphics]Singh 19, 129.Edward Said, Defamation, Revisionist Style, CounterPunch, 1999. Accessed 7 February 2010. thumb|right|200px|The 1922 frontiers of Mandatory Palestine in (1920–48). At school Said described his childhood as lived \"\"between worlds\"\", the worlds of Cairo and Jerusalem, until he was twelve. In 1947, he attended the Anglican St. George’s School in Jerusalem, about which experience he said: With an unexceptionally Arab family name like \"\"Said\"\", connected to an improbably British first name (my mother much admired Prince of Wales [Edward VIII] in 1935, the year of my birth), I was an uncomfortably anomalous student all through my early years: a Palestinian going to school in Egypt, with an English first name, an American passport, and no certain identity, at all. To make matters worse, Arabic, my native language, and English, my school language, were inextricably mixed: I have never known which was my first language, and have felt fully at home in neither, although I dream in both. Every time I speak an English sentence, I find myself echoing it in Arabic, and vice versa.Edward Said, Between Worlds, London Review of Books, 7 May 1998. In the late 1940s, the latter school days of Said included attendance at the Egyptian branch of Victoria College (VC), where one classmate was Omar Sharif whom he remembered as a sadistic and physically abusive Head Boy; other classmates included King Hussein of Jordan, and Egyptian, Syrian, Jordanian, and Saudi Arabian boys whose academic careers progressed to their becoming ministers, prime ministers, and leading businessmen of and in their respective countries.TEMPLATE[cite_book, last=Said, first=Edward W., year=1999, title=Out of Place, publisher=Vintage Books, NY, page= 201] In that colonial time, the VC school educated select Arab and Levantine lads to become the Anglicized ruling-class, who, in due course, were to rule their respective countries, upon British decolonization. Victoria College was the last school Edward Said attended before being sent to the U.S.: thumb|right|300px|Edward and his sister Rosemarie (1940) The moment one became a student at VC, one was given the student handbook, a series of regulations governing every aspect of school life — the kind of uniform we were to wear, what equipment was needed for sports, the dates of school holidays, bus schedules, and so on. But the school’s first rule, emblazoned on the opening page of the handbook, read: “English is the language of the school; students caught speaking any other language will be punished.” Yet, there were no native speakers of English among the students. Whereas the masters were all British, we were a motley crew of Arabs of various kinds, Armenians, Greeks, Italians, Jews, and Turks, each of whom had a native language that the school had explicitly outlawed. Yet all, or nearly all, of us spoke Arabic — many spoke Arabic and French — and so we were able to take refuge in a common language, in defiance of what we perceived as an unjust colonial stricture.“Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) pp. 556–57. Said proved a troublesome student, and was expelled from Victoria College in 1951, and ended up in Northfield Mount Hermon School, in Massachusetts, a socially élite, college-prep boarding-school where he endured a miserable year of feeling out of place. Nonetheless, he excelled academically and achieved the rank of either first (valedectorian) or second (salutatarian) in a class of one hundred sixty students. In retrospect, Said said that having been sent away to a place so far from the Middle East was a parental decision much influenced by \"\"the prospects of deracinated people, like us, being so uncertain that it would be best to send me as far away as possible\"\". He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University (1957), and then a Master of Arts degree (1960) and a Doctor of Philosophy degree (1964), in English Literature, from Harvard University.Edward Said, Out of Place, Vintage Books, 1999: pp. 82–83.Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Edward Said, accessed 3 January 2010. Career In 1963, Said joined Columbia University as a member of the faculties of the department of English and of the department of Comparative Literature, where he taught and worked until 2003 (be became professor there in 1991); in the course of that tenure, Barack Obama was one of his pupils at Columbia College. In 1974, he was Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard College; in 1975–76 he was a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science, at Stanford University; in 1977, he was the Parr Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, and subsequently was the Old Dominion Foundation Professor in the Humanities; and, in 1979, he was Visiting Professor of Humanities at Johns Hopkins University.L.A. Jews For Peace, The Question of Palestine by Edward Said. (1997) Books on the Israel–Palestinian Conflict — Annotated Bibliography, accessed 3 January 2010. Said served as president of the Modern Language Association; as editor of the Arab Studies Quarterly in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; on the executive board of International PEN; in the American Academy of Arts and Letters; in the Royal Society of Literature; in the Council of Foreign Relations; and he was a member of the American Philosophical Society.Moustafa Bayoumi and Andrew Rubin, Eds., The Edward Said Reader, Vintage, 2000, pp. xv. Criticism thumb|right|250px|The 19th century novelist Joseph Conrad (1857–1924) is the subject of Edward W. Said’s first book, Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography (1966). Literary criticism The first book that Edward Said published, Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography (1966), was an expansion of the dissertation he presented to earn his doctor of philosophy degree; wherein the nature and the degree of how the autobiographic background of the writer is part of the fictional narrative, and thus contributes to the psychologic and narrative realism of the story. In Edward Said: Criticism and Society (2010), Abdirahman Hussein said that the novella Heart of Darkness (1899), by Joseph Conrad, was the book that proved “foundational to Said’s entire career and project”.Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography (1966).TEMPLATE[cite_book, last=McCarthy, first=Conor, title=The Cambridge Introduction to Edward Said, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pagV6FegTJoC&pg=PA16, accessdate=27 February 2013, year=2010, publisher=Cambridge UP, isbn=9781139491402, pages=16–] Afterwards, Said redacted ideas gleaned from the works of the 17th-century philosopher Giambattista Vico, and other intellectuals, in the book Beginnings: Intention and Method (1974), about the theoretical bases of literary criticism.Edward Said, Power, Politics and Culture, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001: pp. 77–79. Said’s further bibliographic production featured books such as The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983), Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature: Yeats and Decolonization (1988), Culture and Imperialism (1993), Representations of the Intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures (1994), Humanism and Democratic Criticism (2004), and On Late Style (2006). Like his post-modern intellectual mentors, the post-structuralist philosophers Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, Said was fascinated by how the people of the Western world perceive the peoples of and the things from a different culture, and by the effects of society, politics, and power upon literature; thus is Edward W. Said a founding intellectual of post-colonial criticism. Although the critique of Orientalism is his especially important cultural contribution, it was the critical interpretations of the works of Joseph Conrad, Jane Austen, Rudyard Kipling, William Butler Yeats, and other writers, that were the influential scholarship that established his intellectual reputation.Harish Trivedi, “ ‘Arguing with the Himalayas’: Edward Said and Rudyard Kipling” Asia Pacific Reader archive. University of Toronto. Accessed 4 January 2010.Andy Morrison, “Theories of Post-Coloniality: Edward W. Said and W.B. Yeats”, MA studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 21 May 1998. Accessed 4 January 2010. Orientalism Said is most famous for the description and analyses of Orientalism as the source of the inaccurate cultural representations that are the foundation of Western thought towards the Middle East, of how The West perceives and represents The East. The thesis of Orientalism (1978) proposes the existence of a “subtle and persistent Eurocentric prejudice against Arabo–Islamic peoples and their culture”, which derives from Western culture’s long tradition of false and romanticized images of Asia, in general, and the Middle East, in particular. That such perceptions, and the consequent cultural representations, have served, and continue to serve, as implicit justifications for the colonial and imperialist ambitions of the European powers and of the U.S. Likewise, Said also criticized and denounced the political and the cultural malpractices of the régimes of the ruling Arab élites who have internalized the false, romanticized representations of Arabic culture that were conceived and established by Anglo–American Orientalists:Keith Windschuttle, “Edward Said’s ‘Orientalism revisited’ ”, The New Criterion 17 January 1999. Archived 1 May 2008, at the Internet Archive, accessed 23 November 2011. TEMPLATE[Quotation, So far as the United States seems to be concerned, it is only a slight overstatement to say that [[Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims, Moslems and Arabs]] are essentially seen as either oil suppliers or potential terrorists. Very little of the detail, the human density, the passion of Arab–Moslem life has entered the awareness of even those people whose [[Journalism, profession]] it is to report the [[Arab world]]. What we have, instead, is a series of crude, essentialized caricatures of the [[Islamic world]] presented in such a way as to make that world vulnerable to [[military aggression]].<ref>Edward W. Said, [http://www.thenation.com/doc/19800426/19800426said \"\"Islam Through Western Eyes,\"\"] ''The Nation'' 26 April 1980, posted 1 January 1998, accessed 5 December 2005.</ref>] thumb|right|220px|The cover of Said's Orientalism contained a detail from the 19th-century Orientalist painting The Snake Charmer, by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904). In Orientalism, Said argued that much Western study of Islamic civilization was political intellectualism meant for European self-affirmation, rather than for objective intellectual enquiry and academic study of Eastern cultures. Hence, Orientalism functioned as a method of practical, cultural discrimination applied as a means of imperialist domination — i.e. the Western Orientalist knows more about the Orient than do the Orientals.Edward Said, Orientalism, Vintage Books, New York, 1979: p. 12. As such, Orientalism has exerted much intellectual influence upon the academic fields of literary theory and cultural studies, human geography and history, and Oriental studies. Parting from the philosophic works of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, and the works of the early critics of Orientalism — such as Abdul Latif Tibawi (“English-speaking Orientalists: A Critique of Their Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism”, 1964),A.L. Tibawi, “English-speaking Orientalists: A Critique of Their Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism”, Islamic Quarterly 8 (1964): pp. 25–45. Anouar Abdel-Malek (L’orientalisme en crise | Orientalism in Crisis, 1963),Anouar Abdel-Malek, L’orientalisme en crise, Diogène 44 (1963), pp. 109–41. Maxime Rodinson (Bilan des études mohammadiennes | Assessment of Mohammedan Studies, 1963),Bilan des études mohammadiennes, Revue Historique 465.1 (1963). and Richard William Southern  (Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages, 1978) — that The Orient as studied from The West, and the consequent perceptions of and about The East (purveyed as Orientalism) are intellectually suspect, and cannot be accepted at their face value, as faithful, true, and accurate representations of Oriental peoples and things.Richard William Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (1978); Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1962. That the history of European colonial rule, and of the consequent political domination of the civilizations of the East, distorts the writing of even the most knowledgeable, well-meaning, and culturally sympathetic Western Orientalists; thus was the term “Orientalism” rendered into a pejorative word:Ian Buruma, “Orientalism today is just another form of insult”, The Guardian, 16 June 2008. Accessed 5 January 2010. TEMPLATE[Quotation, I doubt if it is controversial, for example, to say that an Englishman in India, or Egypt, in the later nineteenth century, took an interest in those countries, which was never far from their status, in his mind, as British [[Colony, colonies]]. To say this may seem quite different from saying that all academic knowledge about India and Egypt is somehow tinged and impressed with, violated by, the gross political fact — and yet ''that is what I am saying'' in this study of Orientalism.<ref>''Orientalism'': p. 11.</ref>] thumb|right|350px|The romanticized Orient: The Reception of the Ambassadors in Damascus (1511) Moreover, Orientalism concluded that Western writing about the Orient depicts it as an irrational, weak, and feminised “Other”, an existential condition greatly contrasted with the rational, strong, and masculine West, which is a binary relation derived from the European psychological need to create a “difference” of cultural inequality, between The West and The East; that cultural difference is attributed to immutable cultural “essences” inherent to Oriental peoples and things.Orientalism: pp. 65–67. In 1978, in addition to the intellectual, cultural, and commercial successes of the book Orientalism, the thesis of cultural misrepresentation was validated by the historical resonance of the Yom Kippur war (6–25 October 1973), and of the 1973 Oil Embargo crises of reduced petroleum-production, with which the Middle East and the OPEC countries made themselves politically known to The Western World, as peoples, and not just as exotic Others.Orientalism: Afterword, pp. 329–352. Intellectual criticism Academic and philosophic Orientalism (1978) provoked much theoretic criticism of the work and its thesis, and personal controversy about Edward Said, the author and the man.Martin Kramer, \"\"Enough Said (review of Dangerous Knowledge, by Robert Irwin)\"\", March 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2010. In “The Mightier Pen? Edward Said and the Double Standards of Inside-out Colonialism” (1993), Ernest Gellner said that Said’s contentions that the West had dominated the East for more than 2,000 years were unsupportable, because the Ottoman Empire (1299–1922) had remained a great politico–military threat to Europe until the late 17th century.Ernest Gellner, \"\"The Mightier Pen? Edward Said and the Double Standards of Inside-out Colonialism\"\" (review of Culture and Imperialism, by Edward Said), Times Literary Supplement, 19 February 1993: pp. 3–4. In “Disraeli as an Orientalist: The Polemical Errors of Edward Said” (2005), Mark Proudman reported that Said said that the British Empire extended from Egypt to India in the late 19th century, when, in fact, the Ottoman Empire and the Persian Empire also were active imperial actors in that geopolitical theatre.Mark F. Proudman, \"\"Disraeli as an Orientalist: The Polemical Errors of Edward Said\"\" Journal of the Historical Society, 5 December 2005. In Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 (1996) Christopher Alan Bayly said that, at the height of European imperialism, European power in the Orient was not absolute, and much depended upon local collaborators, who often subverted the imperial strategies of the European powers with whom they collaborated against their own peoples.C.A. Bayly Empire and Information, Delhi: Cambridge UP, 1999: pp. 25, 143, 282. In For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies (2006), Robert Irwin said that Palestine and Egypt were poor historical examples of Orientalism, because they were under European control (imperial and hegemonic) only for short periods in the late 19th century and in the early 20th century. Conversely, that Said devoted less attention to the more apt examples of the British Raj (1858–1947) in India, and to Russia’s Asian dominions — because he (Said) sought to score political points against Western misbehaviour in the Middle East.Robert Irwin For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies (London: Allen Lane, 2006: pp. 159–60, 281–82). The criticism by Orientalists such as Albert Hourani, Robert Graham Irwin, Nikki Keddie, Bernard Lewis, and Kanan Makiya, addressed what the historian Nikki Keddie said were “some unfortunate consequences” of Orientalism upon the perception and the status of their scholarship.Bernard Lewis, “The Question of Orientalism”, Islam and the West, London, 1993: pp. 99, 118.Robert Irwin, For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies, London: Allen Lane, 2006. TEMPLATE[#tag:ref, Martin Kramer said that “Fifteen years after [the] publication of ''Orientalism'', the UCLA historian Nikki Keddie (whose work Said praised in ''[[Covering Islam, Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World]]'') allowed that ''Orientalism'' was ‘important, and, in many ways, positive’ ”.<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/SaidSplash.htm&date=2009-10-26+02:20:28 \"\"Said’s Splash\"\"] ''Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America'', Policy Papers 58 (Washington, D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001).</ref>] In Approaches to the History of the Middle East, the historian Keddie said that, as critical theory, Said’s work on Orientalism had:TEMPLATE[Quotation, unfortunate consequences . . . I think that there has been a tendency in the Middle East [studies] field to adopt the word “Orientalism” as a generalized swear-word, essentially referring to people who take the “wrong” position on the Arab–Israeli dispute, or to people who are judged “too conservative”. It has nothing to do with whether they are good or not good in their disciplines. So, “Orientalism”, for many people, is a word that substitutes for thought, and enables people to dismiss certain scholars and their works. I think that is too bad. It may not have been what Edward Said meant, at all, but the term has become a kind of slogan.<ref>''Approaches to the History of the Middle East'', Nancy Elizabeth Gallagher, Ed., London:Ithaca Press, 1994: pp. 144–45.</ref>, group=\"\"nb\"\"] thumb|right|250px|About Orientalism, the professors Bernard Lewis (above) and Edward Said disagreed.Moreover, the Anglo–American Orientalist Bernard Lewis was a nemesis especially at odds with the thesis of Orientalism, wherein Said identified Lewis as: TEMPLATE[Quotation, . . . a perfect exemplification [of an] Establishment Orientalist [whose work] purports to be objective, liberal scholarship, but is, in reality, very close to being propaganda ''against'' his subject material.<ref>''Orientalism'': p. 316</ref> For sheer heedless anti-intellectualism, unrestrained or unencumbered by the slightest trace of critical self-consciousness, no one, in my experience, has achieved the sublime confidence of Bernard Lewis, whose almost purely political exploits require more time to mention than they are worth. In a series of articles, and one particularly weak book — ''The Muslim Discovery of Europe'' (1982) — Lewis has been busy responding to my argument, insisting that the Western quest for knowledge about other societies is unique, that it is motivated by pure curiosity, and that, in contrast, Muslims neither were able nor interested in getting knowledge about Europe, as if knowledge about Europe were the only acceptable criterion for true knowledge.<br><br>Lewis’s arguments are presented as emanating exclusively from the scholar’s apolitical impartiality, whereas, at the same time, he has become an authority drawn on for anti–Islamic, anti–Arab, Zionist, and Cold War crusades, all of them underwritten by a zealotry, covered with a veneer of urbanity, that has very little in common with the “science” and learning Lewis purports to be upholding.<ref name=\"\"Edward Said 1985, p. 96\"\">Edward Said, “Orientalism Reconsidered”, ''Cultural Critique'' magazine, No. 1, Autumn 1985, p. 96</ref>] In the event, Bernard Lewis replied to Said’s characterizations, of his (Lewis’s) works as political propaganda, and of him (Lewis) as an anti-intellectual, with essays critical of the Said, the academic man, and his works; Lewis later was joined in rejoinder of Said by the academics Maxime Rodinson, Jacques Berque, Malcolm Kerr, Aijaz Ahmad, and William Montgomery Watt who said that Orientalism (1978) is a flawed account of Western scholarship about “The Orient”.Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Natures, Literatures, London: Verso, 1992. In the article “Edward Said’s Shadowy Legacy” (2008), Robert Irwin said that the serious flaw in Orientalism (1978) was Said’s not having distinguished among the different types of Orientalist writers, especially because such writers possessed different cultural perspectives towards the peoples and places of the Orient — writers such as the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (who never travelled to the East); the French novelist Gustave Flaubert (who toured Egypt); the French geographer Joseph-Ernest Renan (whose work is racist in perspective); and the British Orientalist, translator, and lexicographer Edward William Lane, who was a fluent speaker of the Arabic tongue.Robert Irwin, \"\"Edward Said's shadowy legacy\"\", Times Literary Supplement, 7 May 2008. Accessed 5 January 2010. In Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said’s Orientalism (2007), Ibn Warraq said that the varied origins and cultural attitudes of European Orientalists over-rode factual and historical considerations, which Said ignored in order to construct a stereotype of Europeans befitting his thesis about the nature of Orientalism.Ibn Warraq, Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said’s Orientalism, 2007. In For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies, Robert Irwin said that Said ignored the domination of 19th-century Oriental studies by German and Hungarian Orientalists, scholars from countries without imperial colonies in the Orient.Irwin, For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies (2006): pp. 8, 150–166. In The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India’s Past (1988), O.P. Kejariwal said that Edward Said created a monolithic Occidentalism to oppose the monolithic Orientalism of Western discourse, by having failed to distinguish among the paradigms of Romanticism and the secular, intellectual traditions of the Age of Enlightenment. That he ignored the wide range and fundamental differences of opinion among Western scholars about the nature of Oriental peoples and things; that he failed to acknowledge that Orientalists, such as the philologist William Jones, who sought to establish cultural kinship rather than cultural difference between The East and The West; and that such scholars often made discoveries that later provided the foundations of anti-colonial nationalism.O.P. Kejariwal, The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India’s Past, Delhi: Oxford UP, 1988: pp. ix–xi, 221–233. Generally, such critics of Edward Said argued that he, and his academic followers, failed to critically distinguish among the varieties of Orientalism that are presented and applied in the Western mass communications media, and in Western popular culture — such as Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) — and Western academic studies of Oriental languages and literatures, histories and cultures.Edward Said, “Afterword” to the 1995 edition of Orientalism: p. 347.Kaizaad Navroze Kotwal, \"\"Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom as Virtual Reality: The Orientalist and Colonial Legacies of Gunga Din,\"\" The Film Journal no. 12, April 2005. In the article “Who is Afraid of Edward Said?” (1999), Biswamoy Pati said that by establishing ethnicity and cultural background as the tests of authority and objectivity in studying the Orient, Edward Said drew attention to the question of his own ethnic and cultural identities as a Palestinian man and as a colonial Subaltern from the British Middle East.Biswamoy Pati, \"\"Review: Who Is Afraid of Edward Said?\"\". Social Scientist, Vol. 27. No. 9/10 (Sept.–Oct. 1999), pp. 79. In the article “Orients and Occidents: Colonial Discourse Theory and the Historiography of the British Empire”, D.A. Washbrook said that Said was disqualified from writing about the Orient because of his Anglophone rearing, schooling, and education at an élite British school in Cairo; because he had lived most of his adult life in the U.S.; and because Said was a distinguished university professor who argued that: “any and all representations . . . are embedded, first, in the language, and then in the culture, institutions, and political ambience of the representer . . . [and are] interwoven with a great many other things besides ‘The Truth’, which is, itself, a representation”.Orientalism: p. 272 That excessive cultural relativism had trapped the academic Said, and his post-colonial theorist followers, in a “web of solipsism”, which limits him and them to speak only of cultural “representations”, whilst simultaneously allowing them to deny the existence of any objective truth about the Orient.D.A. Washbrook, “Orients and Occidents: Colonial Discourse Theory and the Historiography of the British Empire”, in the Historiography entry of The Oxford History of the British Empire, volume 5, p. 607. In the event, some consequences of being a politically-militant, public intellectual occurred in 1985: the Jewish Defense League (JDL) traduced Said’s public statements about the state and nature of Arab–Israeli relations, and officially stated that Said was a Nazi, because of his anti–Zionism, which the JDL misrepresented as anti–Semitism; an arsonist set afire his office at Columbia University; and continual, attempted intimidations, personal and familial, with “innumerable death threats”.Edward Said, “Between Worlds”. London Review of Books, Vol. 20. No. 9 (May 1998), pp. 3–7. Personal criticism Justus Reid Weiner, an American lawyer, and resident scholar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs think-tank, claimed that Said had been dishonest about his childhood biography.Christopher Hitchens, Commentary’s scurrilous attack on EdwardSaid [ ] 7 September 1999.Craig Offman, Said critic blasts back at Hitchens, Salon.com, 10 September 1999. Accessed 5 February 2010. In the Commentary magazine article “My Beautiful Old House and Other Fabrications by Edward Said” (1999), Weiner impugned Said’s intellectual honesty and personal integrity — to wit, Said lied when he said: “I was born in Jerusalem, and spent most of my formative years there; and, after 1948, when my entire family became refugees, in Egypt.”“Between Worlds: Edward Said Makes Sense of His Life”, London Review of Books, 7 May 1998, p. 3. Despite having acknowledged that Edward Said was born in Jerusalem (Palestine), Weiner reported that Edward Said’s birth certificate lists a Cairo (Egypt) residential address for the Said family; that the boy Edward did not live his formative, boyhood years in Jerusalem with his family, but in Cairo; and that the boy Edward had not been a full-time student at the St. George’s School, in Jerusalem, because the school’s register of students contained no record of his matriculation to the school. In the event, Said’s integrity was defended by three journalists and an historian, who said that the claims of Justus Weiner were false. In the Counterpunch newsletter article “Commentary ‘Scholar’ Deliberately Falsified Record in Attack on Said” (1999), Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair reported that Weiner had deliberately falsified the biographic record in order to attack Said. In evidence, the reporters presented an interview of Haig Boyadjian, who said that he had explicitly told Justus Weiner about having been a classmate of Edward Said at the St. George’s School, in Jerusalem, which fact Weiner omitted from his biographic reportage about Edward Said.Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, Commentary: 'Scholar' Deliberately Falsified Record in Attack on Said, Counterpunch 1 September 1999, accessed 10 February 2006. In The Nation magazine article “The ‘Commentary’ School of Falsification” (1999), Christopher Hitchens described Weiner’s article as a work of “extraordinary spite and mendacity”; and reported that schoolmates and instructors confirmed that Edward Said had been a student at the St. George Academy; they quoted Said, from 1992, that he had spent much of his youth in Cairo.Christopher Hitchens, The \"\"Commentary\"\" School of Falsification, The Nation, 2 September 1999. Accessed 6 February 2010.TEMPLATE[cite_news, url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/aug/23/israel, work=The Guardian, location=London, title=Friends Rally to Repulse Attack on Edward Said, first=Julian, last=Borger, date=23 August 1999, accessdate=1 May 2010] In The New York Review of Books, the historian Amos Elon described the article “Exile’s Return”, by Justus Weiner, as a “diatribe”, and accused him of waging a “personal smear campaign” against Edward Said, and that Weiner had failed to disprove that, in the winter of 1947–48, when the Arab League declared the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Said family moved from the Talbiya neighbourhood of Jerusalem, and returned to Cairo: TEMPLATE[Quotation, [Edward Said] and his family sought refuge from the war outside [[Palestine]], as did hundreds of thousands of other Palestinians at the time. The fact remains, that shortly afterward, the [Said] family’s property in Jerusalem was confiscated. Said and his family became political refugees as the result of the Israeli government’s refusal to allow them to [[Right of return, return]] to the country of their birth.<ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/218 ‘Exile’s Return’ by Justus Reid Weiner, The New York Review of Books]</ref>] In retort, Justus Weiner accused the historian Elon of intellectual dishonesty, and accused the reporter Hitchens of having made himself “a poster boy for Palestine”.Said Critic Blasts Back at Hitchens - Christopher Hitchens - Salon.com To Hitchens’s criticism, that Weiner had impugned Said’s integrity, based solely upon biographical details, without interviewing the man, Weiner replied that three years of research into the boyhood of Edward W. Said had made it unnecessary to interview the man about his childhood in British Palestine, and about his school days in the Middle East: TEMPLATE[Quotation, The evidence became so overwhelming. It was no longer an issue of discrepancies. It was a chasm. There was no point in calling him up and saying, “You’re a liar, you’re a fraud”.<ref name=\"\"Said critic blasts back at Hitchens\"\"/>] About such biographic controversy, Edward Said said that the publishers of the politically conservative Commentary magazine had attacked him in three, long articles, the third written by Justus Weiner;[ ]Said's full reply to Commentary on his childhood and that, as a biographic article, about his childhood and student days, its credibility was “undercut by dozens of mistakes of fact”.Amritjit Singh, Interviews with Edward W. Said (Conversations with Public Intellectuals Series). Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, 2004: pp. 19, 219. Influence Edward Said was a personally charismatic public intellectual who was (perhaps) hyperbolically praised as an “intellectual superstar”, because his range of enquiry comprehended literary theory and comparative literature, history and political commentary, cultural criticism and music criticism, and other fields.Malise Ruthven, \"\"Obituary: Edward Said\"\", The Guardian, 26 September 2003. Since its publication in the late 20th century, the book Orientalism (1978) proved to be an intellectual document central to the field of post-colonial studies, because its thesis remains historically factual, true, and accurate for the pertinent periods studied, and especially regarding the cultural representations of “Orientals” and “The Orient” presented in the mass communications media of the West.Terry Eagleton, book review of For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies, by Robert Irwin. [ ], New Statesman, 13 February 2006. Nonetheless, Said’s supporters acknowledged that concerning the German Orientalist scholarship, the scope of Orientalism is limited; yet, in the magazine article “Orientalism Reconsidered” (1985), Said said that no-one opponent provided a substantive rationale for claiming that the dearth of discussion about German Orientalism necessarily limits the scholarly value and practical application of the book’s thesis.Orientalism, pp: 18–19 Moreover, in the Afterword to the 1995 edition of Orientalism, Said presented follow-up refutations of the criticisms that Bernard Lewis registered against the first edition (1978) of the book.Orientalism: pp. 329–54 Moreover, his critics and supporters acknowledge the transformative influence of Orientalism upon scholarship in the humanities — the former say that is an intellectually limiting influence upon scholars, whilst the latter say that it is an intellectually liberating influence upon scholars.Martin Kramer. Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America (2001)Andrew N. Rubin, “Techniques of Trouble: Edward Said and the Dialectics of Cultural Philology”, The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102.4 (2003):862–76. Post-colonial studies, of which Said was an intellectual founder, and a scholarly reference, is a fertile and thriving field of intellectual enquiry that helps explain the post-colonial world, its peoples, and their discontents.Emory University, Department of English, Introduction to Postcolonial Studies Hence the continued investigational validity and analytical efficacy of the critical propositions presented in Orientalism (1978), especially in the field of Middle Eastern studies. The scholarship of Said remains critically pertinent to and intellectually relevant in the fields of literary criticism and cultural studies, notably upon scholars studying India, such as Gyan Prakash (“Writing Post-Orientalist Histories of the Third World: Perspectives from Indian Historiography”, 1990),Gyan Prakash, “Writing Post-Orientalist Histories of the Third World: Perspectives from Indian Historiography”, Comparative Studies in Society and History 32.2 (1990): 383–408. Nicholas Dirks (Castes of Mind, 2001),Nicholas Dirks, Castes of Mind, Princeton: Princeton UP, 2001. and Ronald Inden (Imagining India, 1990);Ronald Inden, Imagining India, New York: Oxford UP, 1990. upon scholars studying Cambodia, such as Simon Springer (“Culture of Violence or Violent Orientalism? Neoliberalisation and Imagining the ‘Savage Other’ in Post-transitional Cambodia”, 2009);Simon Springer, “Culture of Violence or Violent Orientalism? Neoliberalisation and Imagining the ‘Savage Other’ in Post-transitional Cambodia”, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34.3 (2009): 305–19. and upon literary theorists such as Homi K. Bhabha (Nation and Narration, 1990),Homi K. Bhaba, Nation and Narration, New York & London: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1990. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics, 1987),Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics, London: Methuen, 1987. and Hamid Dabashi (Iran: A People Interrupted, 2007). Elswewhere, in and about Eastern Europe, Milica Bakić–Hayden developed the concept of Nesting Orientalisms (1992), based upon and derived from the ideas of the historian Larry Wolff (Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment, 1994) and upon the ideas that Said presented in Orientalism (1978).TEMPLATE[Citation, last=Ashbrook, first=John E, authorlink=, coauthors=, author-separator=, editor=, editorn=, editorn-last=, editorn-first=, editor-link=, editorn-link=, others=, title=Buying and Selling the Istrian Goat: Istrian Regionalism, Croatian Nationalism, and EU Enlargement, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uk9VVZ1esGwC&pg=PA22&dq=%22Nesting+Orientalisms%22&hl=en&ei=GuBcTr_SG86N-wbg94HuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Nesting%20Orientalisms%22&f=false, archiveurl=, archivedate=, format=, accessdate=, edition=, series=, volume=, date=, origyear=, year=2008, month=, publisher=Peter Lang, location=New York, language=, isbn=90-5201-391-8, oclc=213599021, doi=, doi_inactivedate=, bibcode=, id=, page=22, pages=, nopp=, at=, chapter=, chapterurl=, quote=Milica Baki–Hayden built on Wolff’s work, incorporating the ideas of Edward Said’s \"\"Orientalism\"\", laysummary=, laydate=, separator=, postscript=, lastauthoramp=, ref=] In turn, the Bulgarian historian Maria Todorova (Imagining the Balkans, 1997) presented her ethnologic concept of Nesting Balkanisms (Ethnologia Balkanica,1997), which is theoretically related to and derived from Milica Bakić–Hayden’s concept of Nesting Orientalisms.TEMPLATE[Citation, title=Ethnologia Balkanica, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0ogSzrXJEfMC&pg=PA37&dq=%22Nesting+Orientalisms%22&hl=en&ei=UUddToTxDOSk4AT93pUm&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=%22Nesting%20Orientalisms%22&f=false, year= 1995, month=, publisher=Prof. M. Drinov Academic Pub. House, location= Sofia, language=, isbn=, oclc=41714232, doi=, doi_inactivedate=, bibcode=, id=, page=37, pages=, nopp=, at=, chapter=, chapterurl=, quote= The idea of \"\"nesting orientalisms\"\", in Baki–Hayden 1995, and the related concept of \"\"nesting balkanisms\"\", in Todorova 1997. . . ., laysummary=, laydate=, separator=, postscript=, lastauthoramp=, ref=] Politics Pro–Palestinian activism Said became politically active in 1967, to counter the stereotyped misrepresentations with which the U.S. news media explained the Arab–Israeli wars; reportage divorced from the historical realities of the Middle East, in general, and Palestine and Israel, in particular. His \"\"The Arab Portrayed\"\" (1968) was an essay wherein he described the images of the Arab, as presented and manipulated in journalism and some types of scholarship, which are meant to evade the specific discussion of the historical and cultural realities of the peoples who are the Middle East.“Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) pp. 563. Since then, he participated in political and diplomatic efforts for the establishment of a Palestinian state. From 1977 until 1991, Said was an independent member of the Palestinian National Council (PNC).Malise Ruthven, \"\"Edward Said: Controversial Literary Critic and Bold Advocate of the Palestinian Cause in America,\"\" The Guardian 26 September 2003; accessed 1 March 2006. In 1988, he was a proponent of the two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1948), and voted for the establishment of the State of Palestine at a meeting of the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algiers. In 1993, Said quit his membership of the PNC to protest the politics that lead to the signing of the Oslo Accords, because he thought the accord terms unacceptable, and because they had been rejected by the Madrid Conference of 1991.Edward Said, \"\"The Morning After\"\". London Review of Books Vol. 15 No. 20. 21 October 1993. Especially troublesome to Said was his belief that Yasir Arafat had betrayed the right of return of the Palestinian refugees to return to their houses and properties in the Green Line territories of pre–1967 Israel; and that Arafat ignored the growing political threat of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories established since the conquest of Palestine in 1967. By 1995, in response to Said's political criticisms, the Palestinian Authority banned the sale of Said’s books; however, relations improved when Said publicly praised Yasir Arafat for rejecting Prime Minister Ehud Barak's minimal offers at the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David (2000) in the U.S.Michael Wood, \"\"On Edward Said\"\", London Review of Books, 23 October 2003, accessed 5 January 2010.Edward Said, \"\"The price of Camp David\"\", Al Ahram Weekly, 23 July 2001. Accessed 5 January 2010. In the essay \"\"Zionism from the Standpoint of its Victims\"\" (1979), Edward Said argued in favour of the political legitimacy and philosophical authenticity of the Zionist claims and right to a Jewish homeland; and for the inherent right of national self-determination of the Palestinian people.Edward Said, “Zionism from the Standpoint of its Victims” (1979), in The Edward Said Reader, Vintage Books, 2000, pp. 114–68. Said’s books on the matters of Israel and Palestine include The Question of Palestine (1979), The Politics of Dispossession (1994), and The End of the Peace Process (2000).In 1998, for the BBC, Said made In Search of Palestine (1998), a documentary film about Palestine past and Palestine present, wherein Said returned to the country from which he had emigrated to the U.S. in 1947. Accompanied by his son Wadie, Said revisited his boyhood haunts, and confronted the Israeli injustices (social and cultural) meted out to ordinary Palestinians in the contemporary West Bank. Despite the social and cultural prestige that BBC cinema products usually enjoyed, In Search of Palestine was not broadcast by the television companies of the U.S.BFI | Film & TV Database | IN SEARCH OF PALESTINE (1998)Culture and resistance: conversations with Edward W. Said By Edward W. Said, David Barsamian, p. 57 In 2003, Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Ibrahim Dakak, Mustafa Barghouti, and Edward Said established the third-party political organization Al-Mubadara (the Palestinian National Initiative), headed by Barghouti, to be a reformist and democratic alternative to the usual two-party politics of Palestine, as an alternative to the respectively extremist politics of the social-democratic Fatah and  the Islamist Hamas. Stone-throwing incident On 3 July 2000, while travelling as a tourist in the Middle East with his son, Said was photographed throwing a stone across the Blue Line Lebanese–Israeli border. In the U.S., that image elicited much conservative political criticism that Said’s action demonstrated an inherent, personal sympathy with terrorism, thus the Commentary magazine journalist Edward Alexander labelled Said as the \"\"Professor of Terror\"\".Julian Vigo, “Edward Said and the Politics of Peace: From Orientalisms to Terrorology”, A Journal of Contemporary Thought (2004): pp. 43–65. According to Said, there was not much to the incident: \"\"Mr. Said said he was having a stone-throwing contest with his son and called it a 'symbolic gesture of joy' at the end of Israel's occupation of Lebanon...It was a pebble; there was nobody there. The guardhouse was at least half a mile away.Dinitia Smith, \"\"A Stone's Throw is a Freudian Slip\"\", The New York Times, 10 March 2001. However, the As-Safir newspaper reported that a local Lebanese resident said that Said was less than ten metres (ca. 30 ft.) from the IDF soldiers manning the two-storey guardhouse when he aimed and threw the stone over the border fence; the stone struck the barbed wire atop the border fence.Sunnie Kim, \"\"Edward Said Accused of Stoning in South Lebanon\"\", Columbia Spectator, 19 July 2000. Despite the political fracas among right-wing Columbia University students and the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith International (Sons of the Covenant), the University Provost defended Said's action as an academic's freedom of expression: \"\"To my knowledge, the stone was directed at no-one; no law was broken; no indictment was made; no criminal or civil action has been taken against Professor Said\"\".TEMPLATE[cite_news, url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/19/nyregion/19COLU.html?ex=1176523200&en=ea585e33b37df5f2&ei=5070, title=Columbia Debates a Professor's 'Gesture', newspaper=The New York Times, author=Karen W. Arenson, date=October 19, 2000] Nevertheless, Said endured repercussions, such as the cancellation of an invitation to give a lecture to the Freud Society, in Austria, in February 2001.Edward Said and David Barsamian, Culture and Resistance — Conversations with Edward Said, South End Press, 2003: pp. 85–86 The President of the Freud Society justified withdrawing the invitation from Said by explaining that “the political situation in the Middle East, and its consequences” had rendered an accusation of anti–Semitism a very serious matter, and that any such accusation “has become more dangerous” in the politics of Austria; the Freud Society thus cancelled their invitation to Said in order to “to avoid an internal clash” of opinions, about him, that might ideologically divide the Freud Society. Criticism of U.S. foreign politics In the revised edition of Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World (1997), Said criticized the Orientalist bias of the Western news media’s reportage about the Middle East and Islam, especially the tendency towards editorializing “speculations about the latest conspiracy to blow up buildings, sabotage commercial airliners, and poison water supplies.”Martin Kramer, Enough Said (review of Dangerous Knowledge, by Robert Irwin, March 2007. He criticized the military involvement of the U.S. in the Kosovo War (1998–99) as an imperialist action and described the 1998 Iraq Liberation Act as the political license that predisposed the U.S. to invade Iraq in 2003. He claimed that the continual support of Israel by successive U.S. presidential governments, as actions meant to perpetuate regional political instability in the Middle East. In the event, despite being sick with leukæmia, the public intellectual Edward Said continued his criticism of the U.S. Invasion of Iraq in mid-2003;Democracy Now!, \"\"Syrian Expert Patrick Seale and Columbia University Professor Edward Said Discuss the State of the Middle East After the Invasion of Iraq\"\", DemocracyNow.org, 15 April 2003. Accessed 4 January 2010. and, in the Egyptian Al-Ahram Weekly newspaper, in the article “Resources of Hope” (2 April 2003), Said said that the U.S. war against Iraq was a politically ill-conceived military enterprise: My strong opinion, though I don’t have any proof, in the classical sense of the word, is that they want to change the entire Middle East, and the Arab world, perhaps terminate some countries, destroy the so-called terrorist groups they dislike, and install régimes friendly to the United States. I think this is a dream that has very little basis in reality. The knowledge they have of the Middle East, to judge from the people who advise them, is, to say the least, out of date and widely speculative.Said, Edward.\"\"Resources of Hope\"\", Al-Ahram Weekly, 2 April 2003, accessed April 26, 2007. In January 2006, anthropologist David Price obtained 147 pages of the 283-page political dossier that the FBI had compiled on Edward Said, which indicated that he had been spied upon since 1971, four years since he had become a public intellectual active in the politics to the U.S.David Price, \"\"How the FBI Spied on Edward Said,\"\" CounterPunch January 13, 2006, accessed January 15, 2006. Music thumb|right|205px|The harmonious Middle East: the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra conducted by Daniel Barenboim.Said was an accomplished pianist. He worked as the music critic for The Nation magazine, and wrote four books about music: Musical Elaborations (1991), Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society (2002, with Daniel Barenboim), On Late Style: Music and Literature Against the Grain (2006), and Music at the Limits (2007). In the latter book he spoke of finding musical reflections of his literary and historical ideas in bold compositions and strong performances.Ranjan Ghosh, Edward Said and the Literary, Social, and Political World, New York: Routledge, 2009: p. 22.Columbia University Press, Music at the Limits by Edward W. Said, accessed 5 January 2010. In 1999, Said and Daniel Barenboim founded the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, which is composed of young Israeli, Palestinian, and Arab musicians. They also established The Barenboim–Said Foundation in Seville, to develop education-through-music projects. Besides managing the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, the Barenboim–Said Foundation assists with the administration of the Academy of Orchestral Studies, the Musical Education in Palestine Project, and the Early Childhood Musical Education Project, in Seville.Barenboim–Said Foundation, official website, Barenboim-Said.org. Accessed 4 January 2010. Composer Mohammed Fairouz acknowledged the influence of Edward Said upon his works: compositionally, the First Symphony thematically alludes to the essay \"\"Homage to a Belly-Dancer\"\" (1990); and a piano sonata titled Reflections on Exile(1984), which thematically refers to the emotions inherent to the eponymous subject.Rase, Sherri (8 April 2011), Conversations—with Mohammed Fairouz, [Q]onStage, retrieved 2011-04-19“Homage to a Belly-dancer”, Granta, 13 (Winter 1984).\"\"Reflections on Exile\"\", London Review of Books, 13 September 1990. Awards Besides honors, memberships, and postings to prestigious organizations world-wide, Edward Said was awarded some twenty honorary university degrees in the course of his professional life as an academic, critic, and Man of Letters.The English Pen World Atlas, \"\"Edward Said\"\", accessed on 3 January 2010. Among the honors bestowed to him was the Bowdoin Prize by Harvard University. He twice received the Lionel Trilling Book Award; the first occasion was the inaugural bestowing of said literary award in 1976, for Beginnings: Intention and Method (1974). He also received the Wellek Prize of the American Comparative Literature Association, and was awarded the inaugural Spinoza Lens Prize.Spinozalens, Internationale Spinozaprijs Laureates, accessed on 3 January 2010. In 2001, Said was awarded the Lannan Literary Award for Lifetime Achievement. In 2002, he received the Prince of Asturias Award for Concord, and was the first U.S. citizen to receive the Sultan Owais Prize.Columbia University Press, \"\"About the Author\"\", Humanism and Democratic Criticism, 2004. The autobiography Out of Place (1999) was bestowed three awards, the 1999 New Yorker Book Award for Non-Fiction; the 2000 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Non-Fiction; and the Morton Dauwen Zabel Award in Literature.The English Pen World Atlas, Edward Said, accessed on 3 January 2010. Death and legacy On 25 September 2003, after enduring a twelve-year sickness with chronic lymphocytic leukæmia, Said died aged 67 in New York City. He was survived by his wife, Mariam, his son, Wadie, and his daughter, Najla, an actress, playwright, and a founder of Nibras, the Arab–American theatre troupe.Columbia News, Columbia Community Mourns Passing of Edward Said, 23 September 2003Mark Feeney, Edward Said, critic, scholar, Palestinian advocate; at 67, The Boston Globe, 26 September 2003.Malise Ruthven, Obituary-Edward Said, The Guardian, 26 September 2003. Accessed 14 January 2010.\"\"Najla Said: Actor and Playright.\"\" Institute for Middle East Understanding. http://imeu.net/news/article005785.shtml Eulogies included Alexander Cockburn, \"\"A Mighty and Passionate Heart\"\";Alexander Cockburn, \"\"A Mighty and Passionate Heart\"\", Counterpunch Seamus Deane, \"\"A Late Style of Humanism\"\";‘A Late Style of Humanism’, Field Day Review 1 (Dublin: 2005), http://oconnellhouse.nd.edu/assets/39753/sdeanefdr.pdf Christopher Hitchens, \"\"A Valediction for Edward Said\"\";Christopher Hitchens, \"\"A Valediction for Edward Said\"\" Slate, September 2003 Tony Judt, \"\"The Rootless Cosmopolitan\"\";,Tony Judt, \"\"The Rootless Cosmopolitan\"\", The Nation Michael Wood, \"\"On Edward Said\"\";Michael Wood, On Edward Said, London Review of Books, 23 October 2003, accessed 5 January 2010. and Tariq Ali, \"\"Remembering Edward Said (1925–2003)\"\".Tariq Ali, \"\"Remembering Edward Said (1935–2003)\"\", The New Left Review In November 2004, in Palestine, Birzeit University renamed their music school the Edward Said National Conservatory of Music.Birzeit University, Edward Said National Conservatory of Music.thumb|right|220px|A Palestinian National Initiative-sponsored poster, In memoriam Edward Wadie Said, on the Israeli West Bank wall. Tributes Verso Books published Waiting for the Barbarians: A Tribute to Edward W. Said (2008), edited by Müge Gürsoy Sökmen and Bașak Ertür; the essayists include Akeel Bilgrami, Rashid Khalidi, and Elias Khoury, .\"\"Conference: Waiting for the Barbarians: A Tribute to Edward Said.\"\" 25–26 May 2007. Bogazici University. European Journal of Turkish Studies. Ejts.org. Accessed 5 January 2010.Jorgen Jensehausen, \"\"Review: 'Waiting for the Barbarians'\"\" Journal of Peace Research Vol. 46 No. 3 May 2009. Accessed 5 January 2010. Routledge published Edward Said: The Charisma of Criticism (2010), by Harold Aram Veeser, a critical biography. The University of California Press published Edward Said: A Legacy of Emancipation and Representations (2010), edited by Adel Iskandar and Hakem Rustom, and featuring contributions about Said’s intellectual legacy by Joseph Massad, Ilan Pappe, Ella Shohat, Ghada Karmi, Noam Chomsky, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Daniel Barenboim, among others. Academic establishments such as Columbia University, the University of Warwick, Princeton University, the University of Adelaide, the American University of Cairo, and the Palestine Center have instituted annual series of lectures about the subjects, topics, and themes that Edward Said discussed in his works; notable among the speakers have been Daniel Barenboim, Noam Chomsky, Robert Fisk, and Cornel West. Bibliography TEMPLATE[Main, Edward Said bibliography] See also TEMPLATE[Portal, Biography, Palestine] West-Eastern Divan Orchestra Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question (1988) List of Columbia University people Palestinian Christians Projects working for peace among Arabs and Israelis References Citations TEMPLATE[reflist, 30em] Bibliography TEMPLATE[cite_book, last=Cornwell, first=John, title=Newman’s Unquiet Grave: The Reluctant Saint, year=2010, publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group, isbn=9781441150844, accessdate=3 November 2012] TEMPLATE[cite_book, author=Joachim Gentz, title=Keywords re-oriented, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Omfg11_rzEAC&pg=PA41, accessdate=18 November 2011, series=interKULTUR, European-Chinese intercultural studies, Volume IV, year=2009, publisher=Universitätsverlag Göttingen, isbn=978-3-940344-86-1, pages=41–, chapter=Orientalism/Occidentalism] TEMPLATE[cite_book, editor1-last=Ghazoul, editor1-first=Ferial Jabouri, title=Edward Said and Critical Decolonization, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Uf9_dbmJyQkC&pg=PA290, accessdate=19 November 2011, year=2007, publisher=American University in Cairo Press, isbn=978-977-416-087-5, quote=Edward W. Said (1935–2003) was one of the most influential intellectuals in the twentieth century.] {{cite book|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Richard T.|editor2-last=Gross|editor2-first=Ruth V.|editor3-last=Goebel|editor3-first=Rolf J.|editor4-last=Koelb|editor4-first=Clayton|title=A Franz Kafka encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ZLW5gXc0X4C&pg=PA212|accessdate=18 November 2011|year=2005|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0-313-30375-3|pages=212–|quote= TEMPLATE[cite_book, last1=Iskander, first1=Adel, last2=Rustom, first2=Hakem, title=Edward Said: A Legacy of Emancipation and Representation, year=2010, publisher=University of California Press, isbn=978-0-520-24546-4, accessdate=26 April 2012] TEMPLATE[cite_book, editor1-last=Singh, editor1-first=Amritjit, editor2-last=Johnson, editor2-first=Bruce G., title=Interviews with Edward W. Said, url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OC6PxMiYc3YC, year=2004, publisher=UP of Mississippi, isbn=9781578063666] TEMPLATE[Cite_book, last = Zamir, first = Shamoon, contribution = Said, Edward W., year = 2005, title = Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, editor-last = Jones, editor-first = Lindsay, volume = 12, pages = 8031–32, publisher = Macmillan] Further reading Valerie Kennedy Edward Said: A Critical Introduction. Key Contemporary Thinkers. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. Conor McCarthy The Cambridge Introduction to Edward Said. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Andrew N. Rubin, editor, Humanism, Freedom, and the Critic: Edward W. Said and After. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2005. External links TEMPLATE[Commons_category]TEMPLATE[wikiquote] The Edward Said Archive TEMPLATE[IMDb_name, 0756429, Edward Said] Review of Reflections on Exile and Other Essays and Edward Said: The Last Interview, in Other Voices, vol. 3, no. 1. TEMPLATE[OL_author, id=OL26322A] Booknotes interview with Said on Reflections on Exile and Other Essays, June 17, 2001. TEMPLATE[Good_article] TEMPLATE[Persondata, NAME              = Said, Edward, ALTERNATIVE NAMES =, SHORT DESCRIPTION = Literary and cultural scholar, political activist, DATE OF BIRTH     = 1 November 1935, PLACE OF BIRTH    = Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine, DATE OF DEATH     = 25 September 2003, PLACE OF DEATH    = New York City]TEMPLATE[DEFAULTSORT:Said,_Edward]Category:American Middle Eastern studiesCategory:American political writersCategory:Postcolonial literatureCategory:PostcolonialismCategory:Islamic politics and Islamic world studiesCategory:Anti-ZionismCategory:American agnosticsCategory:American literary criticsCategory:American humanistsCategory:American writers of Arab descentCategory:Arab ChristiansCategory:American people of Palestinian descentCategory:Palestinian academicsCategory:Palestinian agnosticsCategory:Palestinian ChristiansCategory:American people of Levantine-Greek Orthodox Christian descentCategory:Harvard University alumniCategory:Princeton University alumniCategory:Columbia University facultyCategory:Deaths from leukemiaCategory:1935 birthsCategory:2003 deathsCategory:American writers of Asian descentCategory:People from JerusalemCategory:Scholars of nationalismCategory:Palestinian ProtestantsCategory:Cancer deaths in New YorkCategory:American activistsCategory:Palestinian political writersCategory:Palestinian literary criticsCategory:American orientalists\"\n"
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