client_test.go

package mc

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

const (
	mcAddr  = "localhost:11289"
	badAddr = "127.0.0.2:23111"
	user    = "user-1"
	pass    = "pass"
)

var mcNil error

// Some basic tests that functions work
func TestMCSimple(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "bar-bad"
		Val3 = "bar-good"
	)

	// fmt.Printf("test init: %v", c)
	val, flags, cs, err := c.Get(Key1)
	if err != ErrNotFound {
		t.Errorf("val: %v, flags: %v, cas: %v", val, flags, cs)
		t.Fatalf("expected missing key: %v", err)
	}

	// unconditional SET
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	cas, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// make sure CAS works
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected CAS mismatch: %v", err)

	// check SET actually set the correct value...
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d, %d", cas, cas2)

	// use correct CAS...
	cas2, err = c.Set(Key1, Val3, 0, 0, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS should not be the same")
}

// Test GET, does it care about CAS?
// NOTE: No it shouldn't, memcached mainline doesn't...
func TestGet(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "fab"
		Val1 = "faz"
	)

	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// retrieve value with 0 CAS...
	v1, _, cas1, err := c.getCAS(Key1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v1, "wrong value: %s", v1)

	// retrieve value with good CAS...
	v2, _, cas2, err := c.getCAS(Key1, cas1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v1, v2, "value changed when it shouldn't: %s, %s", v1, v2)
	assertEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS changed when it shouldn't: %d, %d", cas1, cas2)

	// retrieve value with bad CAS...
	v3, _, cas1, err := c.getCAS(Key1, cas1+1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v3, v2, "value changed when it shouldn't: %s, %s", v3, v2)
	assertEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS changed when it shouldn't: %d, %d", cas1, cas2)

	// really make sure CAS is bad (above could be an off by one bug...)
	v4, _, cas1, err := c.getCAS(Key1, cas1+992313128)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v4, v2, "value changed when it shouldn't: %s, %s", v4, v2)
	assertEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS changed when it shouldn't: %d, %d", cas1, cas2)
}

// Test some edge cases of memcached. This was originally done to better
// understand the protocol but servers as a good test for the client and
// server...

// Test SET behaviour with CAS...
func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "zar"
	)

	cas1, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS don't match: %d != %d", cas1, cas2)

	// do two sets of same key, make sure CAS changes...
	cas1, err = c.Set(Key2, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	cas2, err = c.Set(Key2, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS don't match: %d == %d", cas1, cas2)

	// get back the val from Key2...
	v, _, cas2, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	// make sure changing value works...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas1, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	// Delete Key1 and check it worked, needed for next test...
	err = c.Del(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "wrong error: %v", err)

	// What happens when I set a new key and specify a CAS?
	// (should fail, bad CAS, can't specify a CAS for a non-existent key, it fails,
	// doesn't just ignore the CAS...)
	cas, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "wrong error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, uint64(0), cas, "CAS should be nil: %d", cas)

	// make sure it really didn't set it...
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "wrong error: %v", err)
	// TODO: On errors a human readable error description should be returned. So
	// could test that.

	// Setting an existing value with bad CAS... should fail
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, 0, 0, cas2+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "wrong error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas1, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "value shouldn't have changed: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d, %d", cas1, cas2)
}

// Testing Max SIZE of values...
// Testing if when you set a key/value with a bad value (e.g > 1MB) does that
// remove the existing key/value still or leave it intact?
func TestSetBadRemovePrevious(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		// Larger than this memcached doesn't like for key 'foo' (with defaults)
		MaxValSize = 1024*1024 - 80
		Key        = "foo"
		Val        = "bar"
	)

	// check basic get/set works first
	_, err := c.Set(Key, Val, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	// Max GOOD ValUE

	// generate random bytes
	data := make([]byte, MaxValSize)
	for i := 0; i < MaxValSize; i++ {
		data[i] = byte(rand.Int())
	}

	val := string(data)
	_, err = c.Set(Key, val, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, val, v, "wrong value: (too big to print)")

	// Max GOOD ValUE * 2

	// generate random bytes
	data = make([]byte, 2*MaxValSize)
	for i := 0; i < 2*MaxValSize; i++ {
		data[i] = byte(rand.Int())
	}

	val2 := string(data)
	_, err = c.Set(Key, val2, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrValueTooLarge, err, "expected too large error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key)
	if err == mcNil {
		fmt.Println("\tmemcached removes the old value... so expecting no key")
		fmt.Println("\tnot an error but just a different semantics than memcached")
		// well it should at least be the old value stil..
		assertEqualf(t, val, v, "wrong value: (too big to print)")
	} else {
		assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected no key: %v", err)
	}
}

// Test ADD.
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
	)

	c.Del(Key1)

	// check add works... (key not already present)
	_, err := c.Add(Key1, Val1, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error adding key: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error getting key: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v, Val1, "unexpected value for key: %v", v)

	// check add works... (key already present)
	_, err = c.Add(Key1, Val1, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err,
		"expected an error adding existing key: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error getting key: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v, Val1, "unexpected value for key: %v", v)
}

// Test Replace.
func TestReplace(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "car"
	)

	c.Del(Key1)

	// check replace works... (key not already present)
	_, err := c.Replace(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err,
		"expected an error replacing non-existent key: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected error getting key: %v", err)

	// check replace works...(key already present)
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	_, err = c.Replace(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, 0)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	// check replace works [2nd take]... (key not already present)
	c.Del(Key1)
	_, err = c.Replace(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err,
		"expected an error replacing non-existent key: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected error getting key: %v", err)

	// What happens when I replace a value and give a good CAS?...
	cas, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	cas, err = c.Replace(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "replace with good CAS failed: %v", err)

	// bad CAS
	_, err = c.Replace(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "replace with bad CAS failed: %v", err)
}

// Test Delete.
func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
	)

	// delete existing key...
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.Del(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "error deleting key: %v", err)

	// delete non-existent key...
	err = c.Del(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err,
		"no error deleting non-existent key: %v", err)

	// delete existing key with 0 CAS...
	cas1, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.DelCAS(Key1, cas1+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err,
		"expected an error for deleting key with wrong CAS: %v", err)

	// confirm it isn't gone...
	v, _, cas1, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err,
		"delete with wrong CAS seems to have succeeded: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v, Val1, "corrupted value in cache: %v", v)

	// now delete with good CAS...
	err = c.DelCAS(Key1, cas1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err,
		"unexpected error for deleting key with correct CAS: %v", err)

	// delete existing key with good CAS...
	cas1, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.DelCAS(Key1, cas1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err,
		"unexpected error for deleting key with correct CAS: %v", err)
	v, _, cas1, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err,
		"delete with wrong CAS seems to have succeeded: %v", err)

	// delete existing key with 0 CAS...
	cas1, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.DelCAS(Key1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err,
		"unexpected error for deleting key with 0 CAS: %v", err)
	v, _, cas1, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err,
		"delete with wrong CAS seems to have succeeded: %v", err)
}

// Test behaviour of errors and cache removal.
// NOTE: calling incr/decr on a non-numeric returns an error BUT also seems to
//
//	remove it from the cache...
//
// NOTE: I think above may have been a bug present in memcache 1.4.12 but is
//
//	fixed in 1.4.13...
func TestIncrDecrNonNumeric(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1          = "n"
		NStart uint64 = 10
		NVal          = defaultPort
		Val           = "nup"
	)

	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v, Val, "wrong value: %v", v)

	_, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNonNumeric, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	_, _, err = c.Decr(Key1, 1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNonNumeric, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, v, Val, "wrong value: %v", v)
}

// Test Incr/Decr works...
func TestIncrDecr(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1          = "n"
		NStart uint64 = 10
		NVal          = defaultPort
	)

	// check DEL of non-existing key fails...
	err := c.Del(Key1)
	if err != ErrNotFound {
		assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	err = c.Del(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected missing key: %v", err)

	// test INCR/DECR...

	exp := NStart // track what we expect
	n, cas, err := c.Incr(Key1, 1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	exp = exp + 1
	n, cas, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1, 99, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	exp = exp - 1
	n, cas, err = c.Decr(Key1, 1, 97, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// test big addition
	exp = exp + 1123139
	n, cas, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1123139, 97, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// test zero addition
	exp = exp + 0
	n, cas, err = c.Incr(Key1, 0, 97, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// test CAS works... (should match)
	exp = exp - 1
	n, cas, err = c.Decr(Key1, 1, 93, 0, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// test CAS works... (should fail, doesn't match)
	exp = exp + 0
	n, cas, err = c.Decr(Key1, 1, 87, 0, cas+97)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected CAS mismatch: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, uint64(0), n, "expected 0 due to CAS mismatch: %d", n)
	assertEqualf(t, uint64(0), cas, "expected 0 due to CAS mismatch: %d", cas)

	// test that get on a counter works...
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	vn := strconv.FormatUint(exp, 10)
	assertEqualf(t, vn, v, "wrong value: %d (expected %s)", n, vn)

	// test that set on a counter works...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, NVal, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, NVal, v, "wrong value: %s (expected %s)", v, NVal)
	exp, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(NVal, 10, 64)
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v", errNum)
	exp = exp + 1123139
	n, cas, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1123139, 97, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, 0, cas, "CAS should not be 0")
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
}

// Test expiration works...
func TestIncrTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key2          = "n"
		NStart uint64 = 10
	)

	c.Del(Key2)

	// Incr (key, delta, initial, ttl, cas)
	exp := NStart
	n, _, err := c.Incr(Key2, 1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	time.Sleep(1200 * time.Millisecond)

	// no delta_only set before, so should incr
	exp = exp + 39
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key2, 39, NStart, 1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "%v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
}

// Test Incr/Decr expiration field.
// This is a stupid name for the field as it has nothing to do with expiration /
// ttl. Instead its used to indicate that the incr/decr should fail if the key
// doesn't already exist in the cache. (i.e., that is since the incr/decr
// command takes both an initial value and a delta, the expiration field allows
// us to say that only the delta should be applied and rather than use the
// initial value when the key doesn't exist, throw an error).
//
// Only the value 0xffffffff is used to indicate that only the delta should be
// applied, all other values for expiration allow either the initial or delta to
// be used.
func TestIncrExpiration(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1             = "n"
		NStart    uint64 = 10
		OnlyDelta uint32 = 0xffffffff
	)

	// fail as we only allow applying the delta with that expiration value.
	c.Del(Key1)
	_, _, err := c.Incr(Key1, 10, NStart, OnlyDelta, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "key shouldn't exist in cache: %v", err)

	// succeed this time. Any value but OnlyDelta should succeed.
	exp := NStart
	n, _, err := c.Incr(Key1, 10, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
	c.Del(Key1)

	// succeed this time. Any value but OnlyDelta should succeed.
	exp = NStart
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, 10, NStart, 1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
	c.Del(Key1)

	// succeed this time. Any value but OnlyDelta should succeed.
	exp = NStart
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, 10, NStart, OnlyDelta-1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
	c.Del(Key1)
}

// Test Incr/Decr overflow...
func TestIncrDecrWrap(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1          = "n"
		NStart uint64 = 10
		Max1   uint64 = 0xfffffffffffffffe
		Max    uint64 = 0xffffffffffffffff
	)

	// setup...
	exp := NStart
	n, _, err := c.Decr(Key1, NStart+1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// can't decr past 0...
	exp = 0
	n, _, err = c.Decr(Key1, NStart+1, NStart, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// test limit of incr...
	exp = Max1
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, Max1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	exp = Max
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)

	// overflow... wrap around
	exp = 0
	n, _, err = c.Incr(Key1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, n, "wrong value: %d (expected %d)", n, exp)
}

// Test Append works...
func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "moo"
		Val2 = "bar"
	)

	c.Del(Key1)
	c.Del(Key2)

	// normal append
	exp := Val1
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = exp + Val2
	_, err = c.Append(Key1, Val2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	// append to non-existent value
	exp = Val1
	_, err = c.Append(Key2, Val1, 0)
	if err != ErrValueNotStored {
		t.Errorf("expected 'value not stored error', got: %v", err)
	}
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected not found error: %v", err)

	// check CAS works...
	v, _, cas, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = v
	_, err = c.Append(Key1, Val2, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected key exists error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d != %d", cas, cas2)
	exp = exp + Val2
	_, err = c.Append(Key1, Val2, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = exp + Val1

	// check 0 CAS...
	_, err = c.Append(Key1, Val1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
}

// Test Prepend works...
func TestPrepend(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "moo"
		Val2 = "bar"
	)

	c.Del(Key1)
	c.Del(Key2)

	// normal append
	exp := Val1
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = Val2 + exp
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	// append to non-existent value
	exp = Val1
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key2, Val1, 0)
	if err != ErrValueNotStored {
		t.Errorf("expected 'value not stored error', got: %v", err)
	}
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected not found error: %v", err)

	// check CAS works...
	v, _, cas, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = v
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected key exists error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d != %d", cas, cas2)
	exp = Val2 + exp
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = Val1 + exp

	// check 0 CAS...
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
}

// Test NoOp works... (by putting NoOps all between the prepend tests)
func TestNoOp(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "moo"
		Val2 = "bar"
	)

	err := c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.NoOp()
	err = c.NoOp()
	err = c.NoOp()
	err = c.NoOp()
	err = c.NoOp()
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)

	c.Del(Key1)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
	c.Del(Key2)

	// normal append
	exp := Val1
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = Val2 + exp
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)

	// append to non-existent value
	exp = Val1
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key2, Val1, 0)
	if err != ErrValueNotStored {
		t.Errorf("expected 'value not stored error', got: %v", err)
	}
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected not found error: %v", err)

	// check CAS works...
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = v
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected key exists error: %v", err)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d != %d", cas, cas2)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = Val2 + exp
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val2, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	exp = Val1 + exp
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)

	// check 0 CAS...
	_, err = c.Prepend(Key1, Val1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, exp, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	err = c.NoOp()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "noop unexpected error: %v", err)
}

// Test Flush behaviour
func TestFlush(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Key3 = "hoo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "zar"
		Val3 = "gar"
	)

	err := c.Flush(0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "flush produced error: %v", err)

	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	err = c.Flush(0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "flush produced error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)

	// do two sets of same key, make sure CAS changes...
	cas1, err := c.Set(Key2, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	cas2, err := c.Set(Key2, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, cas1, cas2, "CAS don't match: %d == %d", cas1, cas2)

	// try to get back the vals...
	err = c.Flush(0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "flush produced error: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)

	err = c.Del(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
	err = c.Del(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)

	// do two sets
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// flush in future!
	err = c.Flush(3)

	// set a key now, after sending flush in future command. Should this key be
	// included in flush when it applies?
	_, err = c.Set(Key3, Val3, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// keys should still survive as the flush hasn't applied yet.
	time.Sleep(900 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)

	// now keys should all be flushed
	time.Sleep(2200 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key3)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)

	// do two sets
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// flush in future! (should overwrite old flush in futures...)
	err = c.Flush(3)
	time.Sleep(900 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)
	err = c.Flush(4)
	time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found key as flushed in future!: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key as flushed: %v", err)
}

// Test flush, flush future.
func TestFlushFuture(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "zar"
	)

	// clear cache
	err := c.Flush(0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "flush produced error: %v", err)

	// set Key1, Key2
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// wait two seconds
	time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond)

	// flush cache (Key1, Key2)
	err = c.Flush(0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "flush produced error: %v", err)

	// get Key1 -> null
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key! err: %v", err)

	// re-set Key1
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// flush again, but in future
	err = c.Flush(2)

	// XXX: Memcached is broken for this.
	// get Key2 -- memcached bug where flush in future can resurrect items
	// _, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	// assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key! err: %v", err)

	// get Key1
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should have found Key1! err: %v", err)

	// wait for flush to expire
	time.Sleep(2500 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't have found key! err: %v", err)
}

// Test the version command works...
func TestVersion(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	vers, err := c.Version()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	good, errRegex := regexp.MatchString("[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+", vers[mcAddr])
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errRegex, "unexpected error: %v", errRegex)
	assertEqualf(t, good, true, "version of unexcpected form: %s", vers[mcAddr])
}

// Test the quit command works...
func TestQuit(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "fooz"
		Val1 = "barz"
	)

	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	c.Quit()

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertNotEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "expected an error (closed connection)")

	c.Quit() // should not panic
}

// Test expiration works...
// See Note [Expiration] in mc.go for details of how expiration works.
// NOTE: Can't really test long expirations properly...
func TestExpiration(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key0 = "zoo"
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "moo"
		Val2 = "bar"
	)

	// no expiration, should last forever...
	_, err := c.Set(Key0, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	// 1 second expiration...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 1, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(1100 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)

	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
}

// Test expiration works...
// See Note [Expiration] in mc.go for details of how expiration works.
// NOTE: Can't really test long expirations properly...
func TestExpirationTouch(t *testing.T) {
	if testing.Short() {
		t.Skip("skipping test in short mode.")
	}

	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key0 = "zoo"
		Key1 = "foo"
		Key2 = "goo"
		Val1 = "moo"
		Val2 = "bar"
	)

	// no expiration, should last forever...
	_, err := c.Set(Key0, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// 2 second expiration...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 800 total...
	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 900 total...
	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 2000 total...
	time.Sleep(1100 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)

	// Test Touch...
	// NOTE: This works for me with a memcached built from source but not with the
	// one installed via homebrew...
	// 2 second expiration...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 800 total...
	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	// make expiration 3 seconds from now (previously would expire 1 second from
	// now, so a 4 second expiration in total...)
	_, err = c.Touch(Key1, 3)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "touch failed: %v", err)
	// 1200 (2000 total)...
	time.Sleep(1200 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 1700 (2500 total)...
	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 1900 (2700 total)...
	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 3500 (4300) total...
	time.Sleep(1600 * time.Millisecond)
	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)

	// key0 still should be alive (no timeout)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
}

// Test Touch command works...
func TestTouch(t *testing.T) {
	if testing.Short() {
		t.Skip("skipping test in short mode.")
	}

	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
	)

	// no expiration, lets see if touch can set an expiration, not just extend...
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	c.Touch(Key1, 2)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache: %v", err)

	// no expiration, let see if we can expire immediately with Touch...
	// NO, 0 = ignore, so the Touch is a noop really...
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	c.Touch(Key1, 0)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
}

// Test GAT (get-and-touch) works...
// See Note [Expiration] in mc.go for details of how expiration works.
func TestGAT(t *testing.T) {
	if testing.Short() {
		t.Skip("skipping test in short mode.")
	}

	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1         = "foo"
		Key2         = "goo"
		Val1         = "moo"
		Val2         = "bar"
		FLAGS uint32 = 921321
	)

	// no expiration, should last forever...
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, FLAGS, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	v, f, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	// no expiration...
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, FLAGS, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// get + set 1 second expiration...
	v, f, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	v, f, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)
	_, _, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)

	// Test GAT...
	// 2 second expiration...
	_, err = c.Set(Key2, Val2, FLAGS, 2, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	// 800 total...
	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "should be in cache still: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)

	// make expiration 2 seconds from now (previously would expire 1 second from
	// now, so a 3 second expiration in total...)
	v, f, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	// 900...
	time.Sleep(900 * time.Millisecond)

	// reset ttl...
	v, f, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	// 900...
	time.Sleep(900 * time.Millisecond)

	// reset ttl...
	v, f, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	// 900...
	time.Sleep(800 * time.Millisecond)

	// reset ttl...
	v, f, _, err = c.GAT(Key2, 2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val2, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
	assertEqualf(t, FLAGS, f, "wrong flags: %v", f)

	// 2000...
	time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond)

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key2)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be in cache anymore: %v", err)

	// should be alive still (no expiration on this key)
	v, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %v", v)
}

// Some basic tests that functions work
func testThread(t *testing.T, c *Client, id int, ch chan bool) {
	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "boo"
		Key3 = "bar"
	)

	idx := strconv.Itoa(id)
	key2 := Key1 + idx

	// lots of sets of this but should all be setting it to boo...
	_, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// should be unique to a thread...
	cas2, err := c.Set(key2, idx, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// contention but all setting same value...
	v, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %s", v)

	// key is unique to thread, so even CAS shouldn't change...
	v, _, cas2x, err := c.Get(key2)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, idx, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas2, cas2x, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d, %d", cas2, cas2x)

	// lots of sets of this and with diff values...
	cas1, err := c.Set(Key3, idx, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// try getting straight away...
	v, _, cas1x, err := c.Get(Key3)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	// if cas didn't change our value should have been returned...
	if cas1 == cas1x {
		assertEqualf(t, idx, v, "wrong value (cas didn't change): %s", v)
	}

	ch <- true
}

// Test threaded interaction...
func TestThreaded(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	ch := make(chan bool)

	for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
		go testThread(t, c, i, ch)
	}

	for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
		_ = <-ch
	}
}

func testAdvGet(t *testing.T, c *Client, op opCode, key string, expKey string, opq uint32) *msg {
	var flags uint32

	m := &msg{
		header: header{
			Op:     op,
			CAS:    uint64(0),
			Opaque: uint32(opq),
		},
		oextras: []interface{}{&flags},
		key:     key,
	}

	err := c.perform(m)

	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "Unexpected error! %s", err)
	// XXX: Issues here with new server send/recv split! Seems a golang bug to do
	// with lifting variables to heap perhaps and sharing?
	// assertEqualf(t, op, m.header.op, "Response has wrong op code! %d != %d", op, m.header.op)
	// assertEqualf(t, opq, m.header.opaque, "Response has wrong opaque! %d != %d", opq, m.header.opaque)
	// assertEqualf(t, expKey, m.key, "Get returned key! %s", m.key)

	return m
}

// Test that the various get types work and that opaque works... e.g., all the
// components needed for multi_get.
func TestGetExotic(t *testing.T) {
	const (
		Key = "key"
		Val = "bar"
	)

	c := testInit(t)

	_, err := c.Set(Key, Val, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// TODO: Testing only when a key exists, need to also test functionality that
	// on key miss, getq doesn't return a response.

	// get
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGet, Key, "", 123)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGet, Key, "", 0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGet, Key, "", 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGet, Key, "", 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGet, Key, "", 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getq
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetQ, Key, "", 123)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetQ, Key, "", 0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetQ, Key, "", 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetQ, Key, "", 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetQ, Key, "", 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getk
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetK, Key, Key, 123)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetK, Key, Key, 0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetK, Key, Key, 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetK, Key, Key, 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetK, Key, Key, 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getkq
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetKQ, Key, Key, 123)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetKQ, Key, Key, 0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetKQ, Key, Key, 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetKQ, Key, Key, 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGet(t, c, opGetKQ, Key, Key, 0xf0f0f0f0)
}

func testAdvGat(t *testing.T, c *Client, op opCode, key string, expKey string, opq uint32) *msg {
	var exp uint32
	var flags uint32

	m := &msg{
		header: header{
			Op:     op,
			CAS:    uint64(0),
			Opaque: uint32(opq),
		},
		iextras: []interface{}{exp},
		oextras: []interface{}{&flags},
		key:     key,
	}

	err := c.perform(m)

	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "Unexpected error! %s", err)
	// XXX: Issues here with new server send/recv split! Seems a golang bug to do
	// with lifting variables to heap perhaps and sharing?
	// assertEqualf(t, op, m.header.op, "Response has wrong op code! %d != %d", op, m.header.op)
	// assertEqualf(t, opq, m.header.opaque, "Response has wrong opaque! %d != %d", opq, m.header.opaque)
	// assertEqualf(t, expKey, m.key, "Get returned key! %s", m.key)

	return m
}

// Test that the various gat types work
func TestGatExotic(t *testing.T) {
	const (
		Key = "key"
		Val = "bar"
	)

	c := testInit(t)

	_, err := c.Set(Key, Val, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// TODO: Testing only when a key exists, need to also test functionality that
	// on key miss, getq doesn't return a response. And test that the 'touch'
	// aspect is functioning.

	// get
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGAT, Key, "", 123)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGAT, Key, "", 0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGAT, Key, "", 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGAT, Key, "", 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGAT, Key, "", 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getq
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATQ, Key, "", 123)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATQ, Key, "", 0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATQ, Key, "", 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATQ, Key, "", 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATQ, Key, "", 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getk
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATK, Key, Key, 123)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATK, Key, Key, 0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATK, Key, Key, 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATK, Key, Key, 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATK, Key, Key, 0xf0f0f0f0)

	// getkq
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATKQ, Key, Key, 123)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATKQ, Key, Key, 0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATKQ, Key, Key, 0xffffffff)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATKQ, Key, Key, 0xfffffff0)
	testAdvGat(t, c, opGATKQ, Key, Key, 0xf0f0f0f0)
}

func TestGetStats(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "exists"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Key2 = "noexists"

		GetHits   = 12348
		GetMisses = 1993
	)

	// wait for other tests to finish...
	time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond)

	// clear cache and get starting point.
	c.Flush(0)
	stats, err := c.Stats()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	assertTruef(t, len(stats[mcAddr]) > 0, "stats is empty! %v", stats[mcAddr])
	startMisses, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(stats[mcAddr]["get_misses"], 10, 64)
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v, stats struct: %v",
		errNum, stats[mcAddr])
	startHits, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(stats[mcAddr]["get_hits"], 10, 64)
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v, stats struct: %v",
		errNum, stats[mcAddr])

	// setup key
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	ch := make(chan bool)

	// run get hit thread
	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < GetHits; i++ {
			_, _, _, err := c.Get(Key1)
			assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
		}
		ch <- true
	}()

	// run get miss thread
	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < GetMisses; i++ {
			_, _, _, err := c.Get(Key2)
			assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "expected 'not found' error: %v", err)
		}
		ch <- true
	}()

	// wait on both threads
	_ = <-ch
	_ = <-ch
	stats, err = c.Stats()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	getMisses := strconv.FormatUint(GetMisses+startMisses, 10)

	if stats[mcAddr]["get_misses"] != getMisses {
		t.Errorf("get_misses (%s) != expected (%s)\n", stats[mcAddr]["get_misses"], getMisses)
	}

	getHits := strconv.FormatUint(GetHits+startHits, 10)
	if stats[mcAddr]["get_hits"] != getHits {
		t.Errorf("get_hits (%s) != expected (%s)\n", stats[mcAddr]["get_hits"], getHits)
	}
}

func TestErrorValue(t *testing.T) {
	c := NewMC(badAddr, user, pass)
	err := c.Flush(0)
	if err == nil {
		t.Errorf("expected network error!")
	}

	mErr, ok := err.(*Error)
	if !ok {
		t.Errorf("type-cast of error to *Error failed!")
	}

	assertEqualf(t, StatusNetworkError, mErr.Status, "expected 'StatusNetworkError' error: %v", mErr)
}

// Test Stats reset.
func TestStatsReset(t *testing.T) {
	c := testInit(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "fab"
	)

	// clear cache and get starting point.
	c.Flush(0)

	// get current miss stats.
	stats, err := c.Stats()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	assertTruef(t, len(stats[mcAddr]) > 0, "stats is empty! %v", stats[mcAddr])
	misses1, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(stats[mcAddr]["get_misses"], 10, 64)
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v, stats struct: %v",
		errNum, stats[mcAddr])

	_, _, _, err = c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrNotFound, err, "shouldn't be an error: %v", err)

	// get current miss stats.
	stats, err = c.Stats()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	assertTruef(t, len(stats[mcAddr]) > 0, "stats is empty! %v", stats[mcAddr])
	misses2, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(stats[mcAddr]["get_misses"], 10, 64)
	assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v, stats struct: %v",
		errNum, stats[mcAddr])

	// make sure they incremented by one
	assertEqualf(t, misses1+1, misses2,
		"miss stats didn't change as expected! (%d vs %d)", misses1, misses2)

	// reset stats
	c.StatsReset()

	// get current miss stats.
	stats, err = c.Stats()
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	for _, v := range stats {
		assertTruef(t, len(v) > 0, "stats is empty! %v", v)
		misses3, errNum := strconv.ParseUint(v["get_misses"], 10, 64)
		assertEqualf(t, nil, errNum, "unexpected error: %v, stats struct: %v",
			errNum, v)

		// make sure stats back to zero
		assertEqualf(t, misses3, uint64(0),
			"miss stats didn't change as expected! (%d vs %d)", misses3, uint64(0))
		break // in case there are multiple servers
	}
}

func TestGetServer(t *testing.T) {
	c := NewMC(mcAddr+","+badAddr, user, pass)
	c.servers[1].isAlive = false

	s, e := c.getServer("ok")
	assertEqualf(t, nil, e, "err was not nil")
	assertEqualf(t, mcAddr, s.address, "address of incorrect server returned")
}

func TestMCZlibCompression(t *testing.T) {
	c := testZlibCompress(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc fermentum arcu id libero maximus mollis. Nulla id lorem efficitur, maximus risus vitae, iaculis libero. Mauris non vehicula tortor. Etiam fringilla dictum elit. Donec dui justo, semper et nisl vitae, vestibulum tempus enim. Aenean id lacinia diam. Integer viverra viverra augue, vitae feugiat mauris posuere at. Praesent luctus, urna eu sollicitudin ultrices, enim tortor sagittis nunc, eget ultricies nisi nibh in neque. Integer eget commodo ipsum, non congue purus. Nullam erat felis, dictum vel ligula ut, maximus aliquet justo. Nunc volutpat magna vitae arcu consectetur, vitae molestie odio efficitur."
		Val3 = "Praesent vel pretium elit. Donec volutpat placerat dolor eu tempus. Vivamus suscipit maximus tortor quis interdum. Cras venenatis consectetur pellentesque. Pellentesque gravida ut mi sit amet bibendum. Phasellus bibendum ex sit amet dolor condimentum mattis. Cras nunc diam, ornare quis velit sed, ullamcorper viverra erat. Nunc placerat tempus porttitor. Suspendisse vestibulum nisl a mauris mollis rhoncus. Morbi consequat felis sit amet magna iaculis scelerisque."
	)

	// fmt.Printf("test init: %v", c)
	val, flags, cs, err := c.Get(Key1)
	if err != ErrNotFound {
		t.Errorf("val: %v, flags: %v, cas: %v", val, flags, cs)
		t.Fatalf("expected missing key: %v", err)
	}

	// unconditional SET
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	cas, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// make sure CAS works
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected CAS mismatch: %v", err)

	// check SET actually set the correct value...
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d, %d", cas, cas2)

	// use correct CAS...
	cas2, err = c.Set(Key1, Val3, 0, 0, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS should not be the same")
}

func TestMCGzipCompression(t *testing.T) {
	c := testGzipCompress(t)

	const (
		Key1 = "foo"
		Val1 = "bar"
		Val2 = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc fermentum arcu id libero maximus mollis. Nulla id lorem efficitur, maximus risus vitae, iaculis libero. Mauris non vehicula tortor. Etiam fringilla dictum elit. Donec dui justo, semper et nisl vitae, vestibulum tempus enim. Aenean id lacinia diam. Integer viverra viverra augue, vitae feugiat mauris posuere at. Praesent luctus, urna eu sollicitudin ultrices, enim tortor sagittis nunc, eget ultricies nisi nibh in neque. Integer eget commodo ipsum, non congue purus. Nullam erat felis, dictum vel ligula ut, maximus aliquet justo. Nunc volutpat magna vitae arcu consectetur, vitae molestie odio efficitur."
		Val3 = "Praesent vel pretium elit. Donec volutpat placerat dolor eu tempus. Vivamus suscipit maximus tortor quis interdum. Cras venenatis consectetur pellentesque. Pellentesque gravida ut mi sit amet bibendum. Phasellus bibendum ex sit amet dolor condimentum mattis. Cras nunc diam, ornare quis velit sed, ullamcorper viverra erat. Nunc placerat tempus porttitor. Suspendisse vestibulum nisl a mauris mollis rhoncus. Morbi consequat felis sit amet magna iaculis scelerisque."
	)

	// fmt.Printf("test init: %v", c)
	val, flags, cs, err := c.Get(Key1)
	if err != ErrNotFound {
		t.Errorf("val: %v, flags: %v, cas: %v", val, flags, cs)
		t.Fatalf("expected missing key: %v", err)
	}

	// unconditional SET
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	cas, err := c.Set(Key1, Val1, 0, 0, 0)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)

	// make sure CAS works
	_, err = c.Set(Key1, Val2, 0, 0, cas+1)
	assertEqualf(t, ErrKeyExists, err, "expected CAS mismatch: %v", err)

	// check SET actually set the correct value...
	v, _, cas2, err := c.Get(Key1)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertEqualf(t, Val1, v, "wrong value: %s", v)
	assertEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS shouldn't have changed: %d, %d", cas, cas2)

	// use correct CAS...
	cas2, err = c.Set(Key1, Val3, 0, 0, cas)
	assertEqualf(t, mcNil, err, "unexpected error: %v", err)
	assertNotEqualf(t, cas, cas2, "CAS should not be the same")
}