diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py
index 677c2668d4e9..18b823ccccb3 100644
--- a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py
+++ b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ def set_box_aspect(self, aspect, *, zoom=1):
         # of the axes in mpl3.8.
         aspect *= 1.8294640721620434 * 25/24 * zoom / np.linalg.norm(aspect)
 
-        self._box_aspect = aspect
+        self._box_aspect = self._roll_to_vertical(aspect, reverse=True)
         self.stale = True
 
     def apply_aspect(self, position=None):
@@ -1191,9 +1191,23 @@ def set_proj_type(self, proj_type, focal_length=None):
                                  f"None for proj_type = {proj_type}")
             self._focal_length = np.inf
 
-    def _roll_to_vertical(self, arr):
-        """Roll arrays to match the different vertical axis."""
-        return np.roll(arr, self._vertical_axis - 2)
+    def _roll_to_vertical(
+        self, arr: "np.typing.ArrayLike", reverse: bool = False
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Roll arrays to match the different vertical axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : ArrayLike
+            Array to roll.
+        reverse : bool, default: False
+            Reverse the direction of the roll.
+        """
+        if reverse:
+            return np.roll(arr, (self._vertical_axis - 2) * -1)
+        else:
+            return np.roll(arr, (self._vertical_axis - 2))
 
     def get_proj(self):
         """Create the projection matrix from the current viewing position."""
diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py
index c339e35e903c..34f10cb9fd63 100644
--- a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py
+++ b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py
@@ -2301,6 +2301,24 @@ def test_on_move_vertical_axis(vertical_axis: str) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "vertical_axis, aspect_expected",
+    [
+        ("x", [1.190476, 0.892857, 1.190476]),
+        ("y", [0.892857, 1.190476, 1.190476]),
+        ("z", [1.190476, 1.190476, 0.892857]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_set_box_aspect_vertical_axis(vertical_axis, aspect_expected):
+    ax = plt.subplot(1, 1, 1, projection="3d")
+    ax.view_init(elev=0, azim=0, roll=0, vertical_axis=vertical_axis)
+    ax.figure.canvas.draw()
+
+    ax.set_box_aspect(None)
+
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(aspect_expected, ax._box_aspect, rtol=1e-6)
+
+
 @image_comparison(baseline_images=['arc_pathpatch.png'],
                   remove_text=True,
                   style='mpl20')