diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
index bc63c36ae838f..02da12904a6e7 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.segments.IndicesSegmentsRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.segments.ShardSegments;
 import org.opensearch.action.support.WriteRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
+import org.opensearch.client.Requests;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterState;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
@@ -55,15 +57,17 @@
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
+import static org.opensearch.index.query.QueryBuilders.matchQuery;
 import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertHitCount;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertSearchHits;
 
 @OpenSearchIntegTestCase.ClusterScope(scope = OpenSearchIntegTestCase.Scope.TEST, numDataNodes = 0)
 public class SegmentReplicationIT extends OpenSearchIntegTestCase {
 
-    private static final String INDEX_NAME = "test-idx-1";
-    private static final int SHARD_COUNT = 1;
-    private static final int REPLICA_COUNT = 1;
+    protected static final String INDEX_NAME = "test-idx-1";
+    protected static final int SHARD_COUNT = 1;
+    protected static final int REPLICA_COUNT = 1;
 
     @Override
     protected Collection<Class<? extends Plugin>> nodePlugins() {
@@ -91,6 +95,26 @@ protected Settings featureFlagSettings() {
         return Settings.builder().put(super.featureFlagSettings()).put(FeatureFlags.REPLICATION_TYPE, "true").build();
     }
 
+    public void ingestDocs(int docCount) throws Exception {
+        try (
+            BackgroundIndexer indexer = new BackgroundIndexer(
+                INDEX_NAME,
+                "_doc",
+                client(),
+                -1,
+                RandomizedTest.scaledRandomIntBetween(2, 5),
+                false,
+                random()
+            )
+        ) {
+            indexer.start(docCount);
+            waitForDocs(docCount, indexer);
+            refresh(INDEX_NAME);
+            waitForReplicaUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AwaitsFix(bugUrl = "https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/5669")
     public void testPrimaryStopped_ReplicaPromoted() throws Exception {
         final String primary = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME);
@@ -266,6 +290,7 @@ public void testAddNewReplicaFailure() throws Exception {
         assertFalse(indicesService.hasIndex(resolveIndex(INDEX_NAME)));
     }
 
+    @AwaitsFix(bugUrl = "https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/5669")
     public void testReplicationAfterPrimaryRefreshAndFlush() throws Exception {
         final String nodeA = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
         final String nodeB = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
@@ -497,6 +522,7 @@ public void testCancellation() throws Exception {
         assertDocCounts(docCount, primaryNode);
     }
 
+    @AwaitsFix(bugUrl = "https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/5669")
     public void testStartReplicaAfterPrimaryIndexesDocs() throws Exception {
         final String primaryNode = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME, Settings.builder().put(indexSettings()).put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS, 0).build());
@@ -598,6 +624,61 @@ public void testDeleteOperations() throws Exception {
         }
     }
 
+    @AwaitsFix(bugUrl = "https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/5669")
+    public void testUpdateOperations() throws Exception {
+        final String primary = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME);
+        ensureYellow(INDEX_NAME);
+        final String replica = internalCluster().startNode(featureFlagSettings());
+
+        final int initialDocCount = scaledRandomIntBetween(0, 200);
+        try (
+            BackgroundIndexer indexer = new BackgroundIndexer(
+                INDEX_NAME,
+                "_doc",
+                client(),
+                -1,
+                RandomizedTest.scaledRandomIntBetween(2, 5),
+                false,
+                random()
+            )
+        ) {
+            indexer.start(initialDocCount);
+            waitForDocs(initialDocCount, indexer);
+            refresh(INDEX_NAME);
+            waitForReplicaUpdate();
+
+            // wait a short amount of time to give replication a chance to complete.
+            assertHitCount(client(primary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), initialDocCount);
+            assertHitCount(client(replica).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), initialDocCount);
+
+            final int additionalDocCount = scaledRandomIntBetween(0, 200);
+            final int expectedHitCount = initialDocCount + additionalDocCount;
+            indexer.start(additionalDocCount);
+            waitForDocs(expectedHitCount, indexer);
+            waitForReplicaUpdate();
+
+            assertHitCount(client(primary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), expectedHitCount);
+            assertHitCount(client(replica).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), expectedHitCount);
+
+            Set<String> ids = indexer.getIds();
+            String id = ids.toArray()[0].toString();
+            UpdateResponse updateResponse = client(primary).prepareUpdate(INDEX_NAME, id)
+                .setDoc(Requests.INDEX_CONTENT_TYPE, "foo", "baz")
+                .setRefreshPolicy(WriteRequest.RefreshPolicy.WAIT_UNTIL)
+                .get();
+            assertFalse("request shouldn't have forced a refresh", updateResponse.forcedRefresh());
+            assertEquals(2, updateResponse.getVersion());
+
+            refresh(INDEX_NAME);
+            waitForReplicaUpdate();
+
+            assertSearchHits(client(primary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setQuery(matchQuery("foo", "baz")).get(), id);
+            assertSearchHits(client(replica).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setQuery(matchQuery("foo", "baz")).get(), id);
+
+        }
+    }
+
     private void assertSegmentStats(int numberOfReplicas) throws IOException {
         final IndicesSegmentResponse indicesSegmentResponse = client().admin().indices().segments(new IndicesSegmentsRequest()).actionGet();
 
@@ -689,7 +770,7 @@ public void testDropPrimaryDuringReplication() throws Exception {
 
     /**
      * Waits until the replica is caught up to the latest primary segments gen.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if assertion fails
      */
     private void waitForReplicaUpdate() throws Exception {
         // wait until the replica has the latest segment generation.
@@ -706,7 +787,7 @@ private void waitForReplicaUpdate() throws Exception {
                 // if we don't have any segments yet, proceed.
                 final ShardSegments primaryShardSegments = primaryShardSegmentsList.stream().findFirst().get();
                 logger.debug("Primary Segments: {}", primaryShardSegments.getSegments());
-                if (primaryShardSegments.getSegments().isEmpty() == false) {
+                if (primaryShardSegments.getSegments().isEmpty() == false && replicaShardSegments != null) {
                     final Map<String, Segment> latestPrimarySegments = getLatestSegments(primaryShardSegments);
                     final Long latestPrimaryGen = latestPrimarySegments.values().stream().findFirst().map(Segment::getGeneration).get();
                     for (ShardSegments shardSegments : replicaShardSegments) {