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01_the-debian-project.po
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01_the-debian-project.po
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#
# AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: 0\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-12-30 17:37+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-06 19:22+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jowita Paradowska <[email protected]>\n"
"Language-Team: \n"
"Language: pl_PL\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.7.1\n"
#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "Objective"
msgstr "Cele"
#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "Means"
msgstr "Zasoby"
#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "Operation"
msgstr "Wdrążenie"
#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "Volunteer"
msgstr "Ochotnicy"
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Debian Project"
msgstr "Projekt Debian"
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Before diving right into the technology, let us have a look at what the Debian Project is, its objectives, its means, and its operations."
msgstr "Zanim zagłębimy się w technologię, przyjrzyjmy się dokładnie czym jest Projekt Debian. A jest zbiorem celów, zasobów i wdrążeń."
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "What Is Debian?"
msgstr "Czym konkretnie jest Debian?"
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>association</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>Stowarzyszenie</primary>"
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>CULTURE</emphasis> Origin of the Debian name"
msgstr "<emphasis>Kultura</emphasis>Pochodzenie imienia Debian"
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Look no further: Debian is not an acronym. This name is, in reality, a contraction of two first names: that of Ian Murdock, and his girlfriend at the time, Debra. Debra + Ian = Debian."
msgstr "Nie szukając dalej: Debian to nie skrót tylko imię, które powstało z połączenia dwóch imion - Iana Mudrocka I jego ówczesnej dziewczyny Debry. Debra + Ian - Debian."
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian is a GNU/Linux and GNU/kFreeBSD distribution. We will discuss what a distribution is in further detail in <xref linkend=\"sect.role-of-distributions\" />, but for now, we will simply state that it is a complete operating system, including software and systems for installation and management, all based on the Linux or FreeBSD kernel and free software (especially those from the GNU project)."
msgstr "Debian jest wolną dystrybucją systemów GNU/Linux oraz GNU/kFreeBSD. W dalszych szczegółach będziemy omawiać czym ta dystrybucja dokładnie jest. Na tę chwilę możemy powiedzieć, że jest to kompletny systemy operacyjny, który zawiera oprogramowanie i systemy potrzebne do instalacji oraz zarządzania. Wszystkie oparte są na jądrze Linuxa lub FreeBSD i wolnym oprogramowaniu ( szczególnie te pochodzące z projektu GNU)."
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "When he created Debian, in 1993, under the leadership of the FSF, Ian Murdock had clear objectives, which he expressed in the <emphasis>Debian Manifesto</emphasis>. The free operating system that he sought would have to have two principal features. First, quality: Debian would be developed with the greatest care, to be worthy of the Linux kernel. It would also be a non-commercial distribution, sufficiently credible to compete with major commercial distributions. This double ambition would, in his eyes, only be achieved by opening the Debian development process just like that of Linux and the GNU project. Thus, peer review would continuously improve the product."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>CULTURE</emphasis> GNU, the project of the FSF"
msgstr "<emphasis>Kultura</emphasis> GNU, FSH projekt"
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>GNU</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>GNU</primary>"
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>GNU</primary><secondary>is Not Unix</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>GNU</primary><secondary>nie jest unixem</secondary>"
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The GNU project is a range of free software developed, or sponsored, by the Free Software Foundation (FSF), originated by its iconic leader, Dr. Richard M. Stallman. GNU is a recursive acronym, standing for “GNU is Not Unix”."
msgstr "GNU jest projektem "
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>CULTURE</emphasis> Richard Stallman"
msgstr "<emphasis>Kultura</emphasis> Richard Stallman"
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Stallman, Richard</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>Stallman, Richard</primary>"
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>RMS</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<acronym>FSF</acronym>'s founder and author of the GPL license, Richard M. Stallman (often referred to by his initials, RMS) is a charismatic leader of the Free Software movement. Due to his uncompromising positions, he's not unanimously admired, but his non-technical contributions to Free Software (in particular at the legal and philosophical level) are respected by everybody."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "A Multi-Platform Operating System"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>meta-distribution</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> Ian Murdock's journey"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Ian Murdock</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Murdock, Ian</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Progeny</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Ian Murdock, founder of the Debian project, was its first leader, from 1993 to 1996. After passing the baton to Bruce Perens, Ian took a less public role. He returned to working behind the scenes of the free software community, creating the Progeny company, with the intention of marketing a distribution derived from Debian. This venture was, sadly, a commercial failure, and development was abandoned. The company, after several years of scraping by, simply as a service provider, eventually filed for bankruptcy in April of 2007. Of the various projects initiated by Progeny, only <emphasis>discover</emphasis> still remains. It is an automatic hardware detection tool."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian, remaining true to its initial principles, has had so much success that, today, it has reached a tremendous size. The 13 architectures offered cover 11 hardware architectures and 2 kernels (Linux and FreeBSD). Furthermore, with more than 17,300 source packages, the available software can meet almost any need that one could have, whether at home or in the enterprise."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The sheer size of the distribution can be inconvenient: it is really unreasonable to distribute 70 CD-ROMs to install a complete version on a standard PC… This is why Debian is increasingly considered as a “meta-distribution”, from which one extracts more specific distributions intended for a particular public: Debian-Desktop for traditional office use, Debian-Edu for education and pedagogical use in an academic environment, Debian-Med for medical applications, Debian-Junior for young children, etc. A more complete list of the subprojects can be found in the section dedicated to that purpose, see <xref linkend=\"sect.sub-projects\" />."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "These partial views of Debian are organized in a well-defined framework, thus guaranteeing hassle-free compatibility between the various “sub-distributions”. All of them follow the general planning for release of new versions. And since they build on the same foundations, they can be easily extended, completed, and personalized with applications available in the Debian repositories."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>subproject</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "All the Debian tools operate in this direction: <command>debian-cd</command> has for a long time now allowed the creation of a set of CD-ROMs containing only a pre-selected set of packages; <command>debian-installer</command> is also a modular installer, easily adapted to special needs. <command>APT</command> will install packages from various origins, while guaranteeing the overall consistency of the system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TOOL</emphasis> Creating a Debian CD-ROM"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>debian-cd</command></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>debian-cd</command> creates ISO images of installation media (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, etc.) ready for use. Any matter regarding this software is discussed (in English) on the <email>[email protected]</email> mailing list."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> To each computer, its architecture"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The term “architecture” indicates a type of computer (the most known include Mac or PC). Each architecture is differentiated primarily according to its processor, usually incompatible with other processors. These differences in hardware involve varying means of operation, thus requiring that software be compiled specifically for each architecture."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>architecture</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>processor</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Most software available in Debian is written in portable programming languages: the same source code can be compiled for various architectures. In effect, an executable binary, always compiled for a specific architecture, will not usually function on the other architectures."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Recall that each program is created by writing source code; this source code is a text file composed of instructions in a given programming language. Before you can use the software, it is necessary to compile the source code, which means transforming the code into a binary (a series of machine instructions executable by the processor). Each programming language has a specific compiler to execute this operation (for example, <command>gcc</command> for the C programming language)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>source</primary><secondary>code</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>binary code</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>compilation</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>compiler</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TOOL</emphasis> Installer"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>debian-installer</command></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>debian-installer</command> is the name of the Debian installation program. Its modular design allows it to be used in a broad range of installation scenarios. The development work is coordinated on the <email>[email protected]</email> mailing list under the direction of Joey Hess and Cyril Brulebois."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Quality of Free Software"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian follows all of the principles of Free Software, and its new versions are not released until they are ready. Developers are not forced by some set schedule to rush to meet an arbitrary deadline. People frequently complain of the long time between Debian's stable releases, but this caution also ensures Debian's legendary reliability: long months of testing are indeed necessary for the full distribution to receive the “stable” label."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian will not compromise on quality: all known critical bugs are resolved in any new version, even if this requires the initially forecast release date to be pushed back."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Legal Framework: A Non-Profit Organization"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Legally speaking, Debian is a project managed by an American not-for-profit, volunteer association. The project has around a thousand <emphasis>Debian developers</emphasis>, but brings together a far greater number of contributors (translators, bug reporters, artists, casual developers, etc.)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "To carry its mission to fruition, Debian has a large infrastructure, with many servers connected across the Internet, offered by many sponsors."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> Behind Debian, the SPI association, and local branches"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>SPI</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Debian France</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Software in the Public Interest</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian doesn't own any server in its own name, since it is only a project within the <emphasis>Software in the Public Interest</emphasis> association, and SPI manages the hardware and financial aspects (donations, purchase of hardware, etc.). While initially created specifically for the Debian project, this association now hosts other free software projects, especially the PostgreSQL database, Freedesktop.org (project for standardization of various parts of modern graphical desktop environments, such as GNOME and KDE), and the Libre Office office suite. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.spi-inc.org/\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "In addition to SPI, various local associations collaborate closely with Debian in order to generate funds for Debian, without centralizing everything in the U.S.A: they are known as “Trusted Organizations” in the Debian jargon. This setup avoids prohibitive international transfer costs, and fits well with the decentralized nature of the project."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "While the list of trusted organizations is rather short, there are many more Debian-related associations whose goal is to promote Debian: <emphasis>Debian France</emphasis>, <emphasis>Debian-UK</emphasis>, <emphasis>Debian-ES</emphasis>, <emphasis>debian.ch</emphasis>, and others around the world. Do not hesitate to join your local association and support the project! <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Auditor/Organizations\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://france.debian.net/\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://wiki.earth.li/DebianUKSociety\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian-es.org/\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://debian.ch/\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Foundation Documents"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Foundation Documents</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "A few years after its initial launch, Debian formalized the principles that it should follow as a free software project. This deliberately activist decision allows orderly and peaceful growth by ensuring that all members progress in the same direction. To become a Debian developer, any candidate must confirm and prove their support and adherence to the principles established in the project's Foundation Documents."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The development process is constantly debated, but these Foundation Documents are widely and consensually supported, thus rarely change. The Debian constitution also offers other guarantees for their stability: a three-quarters qualified majority is required to approve any amendment."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Commitment towards Users"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>social contract</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>contract, social</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The project also has a “social contract”. What place does such a text have in a project only intended for the development of an operating system? That is quite simple: Debian works for its users, and thus, by extension, for society. This contract summarizes the commitments that the project undertakes. Let us study them in greater detail:"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian will remain 100% free."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This is Rule No. 1. Debian is and will remain composed entirely and exclusively of free software. Additionally, all software development within the Debian project, itself, will be free."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>PERSPECTIVE</emphasis> Beyond software"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The first version of the Debian Social Contract said “Debian Will Remain 100% Free <emphasis>Software</emphasis>”. The disappearance of this word (with the ratification of Version 1.1 of the contract in April of 2004) indicates the will to achieve freedom, not only in software, but also in the documentation and any other element that Debian wishes to provide within its operating system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This change, which was only intended as editorial, has, in reality, had numerous consequences, especially with the removal of some problematic documentation. Furthermore, the increasing use of firmware in drivers poses problems: many are non-free, yet they are necessary for proper operation of the corresponding hardware."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "We will give back to the free software community."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Any improvement contributed by the Debian project to a work integrated in the distribution is sent back to the author of the work (called “upstream”). In general, Debian will cooperate with the community rather than work in isolation."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> Upstream author, or Debian developer?"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>upstream author</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>author, upstream</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>upstream</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The term “upstream author” means the author(s)/developer(s) of a work, those who write and develop it. On the other hand, a “Debian developer” uses an existing work to make it into a Debian package (the term “Debian maintainer” is better suited)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "In practice, the distinction is often not as clear-cut. The Debian maintainer may write a patch, which benefits all users of the work. In general, Debian encourages those in charge of a package in Debian to get involved in “upstream” development as well (they become, then, contributors, without being confined to the role of simple users of a program)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "We will not hide problems."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian is not perfect, and, we will find new problems to fix every day. We will keep our entire bug report database open for public view at all times. Reports that people file on-line will promptly become visible to others."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Our priorities are our users and free software."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This commitment is more difficult to define. Debian imposes, thus, a bias when a decision must be made, and will discard an easy solution for the developers that will jeopardize the user experience, opting for a more elegant solution, even if it is more difficult to implement. This means to take into account, as a priority, the interests of the users and free software."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Works that do not meet our free software standards."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian accepts and understands that users may want to use some non-free programs. That's why the project allows usage of parts of its infrastructure to distribute Debian packages of non-free software that can safely be redistributed."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> For or against the non-free section?"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>non-free</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>section</primary><secondary>non-free</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The commitment to maintain a structure to accommodate non-free software (i.e. the “non-free” section, see the sidebar <xref linkend=\"sidebar.sections\" />) is frequently a subject of debate within the Debian community."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Detractors argue that it turns people away from free software equivalents, and contradicts the principle of serving only the free software cause. Supporters flatly state that most of the non-free packages are “nearly free”, and held back by only one or two annoying restrictions (the most common being the prohibition against commercial usage of the software). By distributing these works in the non-free branch, we indirectly explain to the author that their creation would be better known and more widely used if they could be included in the main section. They are, thus, politely invited to alter their license to serve this purpose."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "After a first, unfruitful attempt in 2004, the complete removal of the non-free section should not return to the agenda for several years, especially since it contains many useful documents that were moved simply because they did not meet the new requirements for the main section. This is especially the case for certain software documentation files issued by the GNU project (in particular, Emacs and Make)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The continued existence of the non-free section is a source of occasional friction with the Free Software Foundation, and is the main reason it refuses to officially recommend Debian as an operating system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Debian Free Software Guidelines"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>free software principles</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>DFSG</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Debian Free Software Guidelines</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>free</primary><secondary>software</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This reference document defines which software is “free enough” to be included in Debian. If a program's license is in accordance with these principles, it can be included in the main section; on the contrary, and provided that free distribution is permitted, it may be found in the non-free section. The non-free section is not officially part of Debian; it is an added service provided to users."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "More than a selection criteria for Debian, this text has become an authority on the subject of free software, and has served as the basis for the “Open Source Definition”. Historically, it is therefore one of the first formal definitions of the concept of “free software”."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The GNU General Public License, the BSD License, and the Artistic License are examples of traditional free licenses that follow the 9 points mentioned in this text. Below you will find the text as it is published on the Debian website. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Free redistribution."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license of a Debian component may not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license may not require a royalty or other fee for such sale."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> Free licenses"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>license</primary><secondary>BSD</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>BSD license</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>license</primary><secondary>GPL</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>GPL</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>GNU</primary><secondary>General Public License</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>General Public License</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>license</primary><secondary>artistic</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>artistic license</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The GNU GPL, the BSD license, and the Artistic License all comply with the Debian Free Software Guidelines, even though they are very different."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The GNU GPL, used and promoted by the FSF (Free Software Foundation), is the most common. Its main feature is that it also applies to any derived work that is redistributed: a program incorporating or using GPL code can only be distributed according to its terms. It prohibits, thus, any reuse in a proprietary application. This poses serious problems for the reuse of GPL code in free software incompatible with this license. As such, it is sometimes impossible to link a program published under another free software license with a library distributed under the GPL. On the other hand, this license is very solid in American law: FSF lawyers have participated in the drafting thereof, and have often forced violators to reach an amicable agreement with the FSF without going to court. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The BSD license is the least restrictive: everything is permitted, including use of modified BSD code in a proprietary application. Microsoft even uses it, basing the TCP/IP layer of Windows NT on that of the BSD kernel. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Finally, the Artistic License reaches a compromise between these two others: integration of code in a proprietary application is permitted, but any modification must be published. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-2.0.php\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The complete text of these licenses is available in <filename>/usr/share/common-licenses/</filename> on any Debian system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Source code."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Derived works."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Integrity of the author's source code."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form <emphasis>only</emphasis> if the license allows the distribution of “patch files” with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software (<emphasis>This is a compromise. The Debian group encourages all authors not to restrict any files, source or binary, from being modified</emphasis>)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "No discrimination against persons or groups."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "No discrimination against fields of endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Distribution of license."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "License must not be specific to Debian."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program being part of a Debian system. If the program is extracted from Debian and used or distributed without Debian but otherwise within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the Debian system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "License must not contaminate other software."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be free software."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> Copyleft"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>copyleft</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>copyrights</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Copyleft is a principle that consists in using copyrights to guarantee the freedom of a work and its derivatives, rather than restrict the rights of uses, as is the case with proprietary software. It is, also, a play of words on the term “copyright”. Richard Stallman discovered the idea when a friend of his, fond of puns, wrote on an envelope addressed to him: “copyleft: all rights reversed”. Copyleft imposes preservation of all initial liberties upon distribution of an original or modified version of a work (usually a program). It is, thus, not possible to distribute a program as proprietary software if it is derived from code from a copyleft released program."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The most well-known family of copyleft licenses is, of course, the GNU GPL and its derivatives, the GNU LGPL or GNU Lesser General Public License, and the GNU FDL or GNU Free Documentation License. Sadly, the copyleft licenses are generally incompatible with each other. Consequently, it is best to use only one of them."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> Bruce Perens, a controversial leader"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Bruce Perens</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Perens, Bruce</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Open Source</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Bruce Perens was the second leader of the Debian project, just after Ian Murdock. He was very controversial in his dynamic and authoritarian methods. He nevertheless remains an important contributor to Debian, to whom Debian is especially indebted for the editing of the famous “Debian Free Software Guidelines” (DFSG), an original idea of Ean Schuessler. Subsequently, Bruce would derive from it the famous “Open Source Definition”, removing all references to Debian from it. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.opensource.org/\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "His departure from the project was quite emotional, but Bruce has remained strongly attached to Debian, since he continues to promote this distribution in political and economic spheres. He still sporadically appears on the e-mail lists to give his advice and present his latest initiatives in favor of Debian."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>codename</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>name</primary><secondary>codename</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Rex</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Buzz</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Bo</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Hamm</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Slink</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Potato</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Woody</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Sarge</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Etch</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Wheezy</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Jessie</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Sid</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Toy Story</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Pixar</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Last anecdotal point, it was Bruce who was responsible for inspiring the different “codenames” for Debian versions (1.1 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Rex</emphasis>, 1.2 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Buzz</emphasis>, 1.3 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Bo</emphasis>, 2.0 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Hamm</emphasis>, 2.1 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Slink</emphasis>, 2.2 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Potato</emphasis>, 3.0 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Woody</emphasis>, 3.1 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Sarge</emphasis>, 4.0 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Etch</emphasis>, 5.0 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis>, 6.0 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis>, 7 — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Wheezy</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis> — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Jessie</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> — <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Sid</emphasis>). They are taken from the names of characters in the Toy Story movie. This animated film entirely composed of computer graphics was produced by Pixar Studios, with whom Bruce was employed at the time that he led the Debian project. The name “Sid” holds particular status, since it will eternally be associated with the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> branch. In the film, this character was the neighbor child, who was always breaking toys — so beware of getting too close to <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>. Otherwise, <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Sid</emphasis> is also an acronym for “Still In Development”."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Inner Workings of the Debian Project"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>operations, internal</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>organization, internal</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The abundant end results produced by the Debian project derive simultaneously from the work on the infrastructure performed by experienced Debian developers, from the individual or collective work of developers on Debian packages, and from user feedback."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Debian Developers"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>developers</primary><secondary>Debian developers</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian developers have various responsibilities, and as official project members, they have great influence on the direction the project takes. A Debian developer is generally responsible for at least one package, but according to their available time and desire, they are free to become involved in numerous teams, acquiring, thus, more responsibilities within the project. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/devel/people\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/intro/organization\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/Teams\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TOOL</emphasis> Developer's database"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>developers</primary><secondary>developer's database</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>database</primary><secondary>developer's database</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian has a database including all developers registered with the project, and their relevant information (address, telephone, geographical coordinates such as longitude and latitude, etc.). Some of the information (first and last name, country, username within the project, IRC username, GnuPG key, etc.) is public and available on the Web. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://db.debian.org/\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The geographical coordinates allow the creation of a map locating all of the developers around the globe. Debian is truly an international project: its developers can be found on all continents, although the majority are in “Western countries”."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "World-wide distribution of Debian developers"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>world-wide distribution</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Package maintenance is a relatively regimented activity, very documented or even regulated. It must, in effect, comply with all the standards established by the <emphasis>Debian Policy</emphasis>. Fortunately, there are many tools that facilitate the maintainer's work. The developer can, thus, focus on the specifics of their package and on more complex tasks, such as squashing bugs. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> Package maintenance, the developer's work"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>maintenance</primary><secondary>package maintenance</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>maintenance</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Maintaining a package entails, first, “packaging” a program. Specifically, this means to define the means of installation so that, once installed, this program will operate and comply with the rules the Debian project sets for itself. The result of this operation is saved in a <filename>.deb</filename> file. Effective installation of the program will then require nothing more than extraction of this compressed archive and execution of some pre-installation or post-installation scripts contained therein."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "After this initial phase, the maintenance cycle truly begins: preparing updates to follow the latest version of the Debian Policy, fixing bugs reported by users, and including new “upstream” versions of the program which naturally continues to develop simultaneously. For instance, at the time of the initial packaging, the program was at version 1.2.3. After some months of development, the original authors release a new stable version, numbered 1.4.0. At this point, the Debian maintainer should update the package, so that users can benefit from its latest stable version."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>Debian Policy</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>policy</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Policy, an essential element of the Debian Project, establishes the norms ensuring both the quality of the packages and perfect interoperability of the distribution. Thanks to this Policy, Debian remains consistent despite its gigantic size. This Policy is not fixed in stone, but continuously evolves thanks to proposals formulated on the <email>[email protected]</email> mailing list. Amendments that are agreed upon by all interested parties are accepted and applied to the text by a small group of maintainers who have no editorial responsibility (they only include the modifications agreed upon by the Debian developers that are members of the above-mentioned list). You can read current amendment proposals on the bug tracking system: <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/debian-policy\" />"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> Policy editorial process"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Anyone can propose an amendment to the Debian Policy just by submitting a bug report with a severity level of “wishlist” against the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">debian-policy</emphasis> package. The process that then starts is documented in <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/Process.html</filename>: if it is acknowledged that the problem revealed must be resolved by creating a new rule in the Debian Policy, a discussion begins on the <email>[email protected]</email> mailing list until consensus is reached and a proposal issued. Someone then drafts a desired amendment and submits it for approval (in the form of a patch to review). As soon as two other developers approve the fact that the proposed amendment reflects the consensus reached in the previous discussion (they “second” it), the proposal can be included in the official document by one of the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">debian-policy</emphasis> package maintainers. If the process fails at one of these steps, the maintainers close the bug, classifying the proposal as rejected."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>DEBIAN POLICY</emphasis> The documentation"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>documentation</primary><secondary>location</secondary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>location of the documentation</primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>/usr/share/doc/</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>README.Debian</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>NEWS.Debian.gz</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Documentation for each package is stored in <filename>/usr/share/doc/<replaceable>package</replaceable>/</filename>. This directory often contains a <filename>README.Debian</filename> file describing the Debian specific adjustments made by the package maintainer. It is, thus, wise to read this file prior to any configuration, in order to benefit from their experience. We also find a <filename>changelog.Debian.gz</filename> file describing the changes made from one version to the next by the Debian maintainer. This is not to be confused with the <filename>changelog.gz</filename> file (or equivalent), which describes the changes made by the upstream developers. The <filename>copyright</filename> file includes information about the authors and the license covering the software. Finally, we may also find a file named <filename>NEWS.Debian.gz</filename>, which allows the Debian developer to communicate important information regarding updates; if <emphasis>apt-listchanges</emphasis> is installed, then these messages are automatically displayed. All other files are specific to the software in question. We especially like to point out the <filename>examples</filename> sub-directory, which frequently contains examples of configuration files."
msgstr ""