Given a binary tree, determine if it is height-balanced. For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as:
a binary tree in which the left and right subtrees of every node differ in height by no more than 1.
Example 1:
Given the following tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
:
3
/
9 20
/
15 7
Return true.
Example 2:
Given the following tree [1,2,2,3,3,null,null,4,4]
:
1
/
2 2
/
3 3
/
4 4
Return false.
class Solution {
public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return true;
} else {
return Math.abs(height(root.left) - height(root.right)) <= 1 && isBalanced(root.left) && isBalanced(root.right);
}
}
public int height(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
} else {
return Math.max(height(root.left), height(root.right)) + 1;
}
}
}
方法一由于是自顶向下递归,因此对于同一个节点,函数height 会被重复调用,导致时间复杂度较高。如果使用自底向上的做法,则对于每个节点,函数 height 只会被调用一次。
自底向上递归的做法类似于后序遍历,对于当前遍历到的节点,先递归地判断其左右子树是否平衡,再判断以当前节点为根的子树是否平衡。如果一棵子树是平衡的,则返回其高度(高度一定是非负整数),否则返回 −1。如果存在一棵子树不平衡,则整个二叉树一定不平衡。
class Solution {
public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
return height(root) >= 0;
}
public int height(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
}
int leftHeight = height(root.left);
int rightHeight = height(root.right);
if (leftHeight == -1 || rightHeight == -1 || Math.abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) > 1) {
return -1;
} else {
return Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight) + 1;
}
}
}