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Configuration of a Ubuntu 16.04 to provide a netboot PXE image

References:

1 2 3 4 5

Warning

This must be used as a reference in building your own NFS rootfs. If needed a complete script to build the NFS rootfs is available here: https://github.com/lerwys/debian-rootfs

DHCP server

  1. Install DHCP server

    sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

  2. Open DHCP server configuration file

    sudo vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

  3. Assign network interface:

    [...]
INTERFACES="enp5s0"

  4. Enter the domain name and domain-name-servers in dhcpd.conf:

    option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
option routers 192.168.2.1;

  5. Configure server to ONLY supply IPs to specified MAC addresses in dhcpd.conf:

    subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.2.30 192.168.2.100;
  option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
  option domain-name "test-dig1.lan";
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option routers 192.168.2.1;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
  default-lease-time 600;
  max-lease-time 7200;
}

group {

    use-host-decl-names on; # Forces hostname to host

    host dell-r230-server-1 {
      option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
      option domain-name "test-dig1.lan";
      option routers 192.168.2.1;
      option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
      default-lease-time 600;
      max-lease-time 7200;
      hardware ethernet 50:9a:4c:75:ce:3d;
    #  fixed-address 10.0.18.230;
      fixed-address 192.168.2.230;
    }

    host dell-r230-server-1-idrac {
      option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
      option domain-name "test-dig2.lan";
      option routers 192.168.2.1;
      option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
      default-lease-time 600;
      max-lease-time 7200;
      hardware ethernet 50:9a:4c:75:ce:3f;
    #  fixed-address 10.0.18.231;
      fixed-address 192.168.2.231;
    }
}

  6. Add the following lines at the end of /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

    allow booting;
allow bootp;
option option-128 code 128 = string;
option option-129 code 129 = text;
next-server 192.168.2.12;
filename "pxelinux.0";

  7. Make this server as official DHCP for your clients, find and uncomment the following line in dhcpd.conf:

    [...]
authoritative;
[...]

    Check if the file is similiar to the one in config_files/dhcpd.conf, inside this reposirory.

  8. Restart DHCP server

    sudo systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server

  9. Check server status

    sudo systemctl status isc-dhcp-server
    lerwys@lerwysPC:/srv$ sudo systemctl status isc-dhcp-server
● isc-dhcp-server.service - ISC DHCP IPv4 server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/isc-dhcp-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Seg 2018-03-05 13:44:53 -03; 3s ago
     Docs: man:dhcpd(8)
 Main PID: 22331 (dhcpd)
    Tasks: 1
   Memory: 7.1M
      CPU: 8ms
   CGroup: /system.slice/isc-dhcp-server.service
           └─22331 dhcpd -user dhcpd -group dhcpd -f -4 -pf /run/dhcp-server/dhcpd.pid -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf eth2

Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Listening on LPF/eth2/34:e6:d7:fc:44:c2/10.0.18.0/24
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC sh[22331]: Listening on LPF/eth2/34:e6:d7:fc:44:c2/10.0.18.0/24
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC sh[22331]: Sending on   LPF/eth2/34:e6:d7:fc:44:c2/10.0.18.0/24
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC sh[22331]: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Sending on   LPF/eth2/34:e6:d7:fc:44:c2/10.0.18.0/24
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net
Mar 05 13:44:53 lerwysPC dhcpd[22331]: Server starting service.

Docker Registry (TESTING ONLY, using self-signed certificates)

This assumes docker-ce and docker-compose have been previously installed by following the instructions in Docker Installation Instructions

  1. Generate your own certificate:

    sudo mkdir -p /certs

sudo openssl req \
    -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 -keyout /certs/domain.key \
    -x509 -days 365 -out /certs/domain.crt

    Be sure to use digdockerregistry.com.br as the CN

    sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker/certs.d/digdockerregistry.com.br:443
sudo cp /certs/domain.crt /etc/docker/certs.d/digdockerregistry.com.br:443/ca.crt

sudo cp /certs/domain.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/digregistrydomain.com.br.crt
sudo update-ca-certificates

  2. Copy generated .crt to NFS home (to be done after configuring PXE server and /srv/nfsroot)

    sudo mkdir -p /srv/nfsroot/etc/docker/certs.d/digdockerregistry.com.br:443
sudo cp /certs/domain.crt /srv/nfsroot/etc/docker/certs.d/digdockerregistry.com.br:443/ca.crt

sudo cp /certs/domain.crt /srv/nfsroot/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/digregistrydomain.com.br.crt
sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot update-ca-certificates

  3. Registry domain name in DNS or change the host /etc/hosts:

    sudo bash -c 'echo "192.168.2.12 digdockerregistry.com.br" >> /etc/hosts'

  4. Restart docker engine

    sudo systemctl restart docker

  5. Run Docker registry

    docker run -d \
  --restart=always \
  --name registry \
  -v /certs:/certs \
  -e REGISTRY_HTTP_ADDR=0.0.0.0:443 \
  -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt \
  -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key \
  -p 443:443 \
  registry:2

  6. Push images with tag digdockerregistry.com.br

    Example:

    docker tag lnlsidg/dmm7510-epics-ioc:debian-9 digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:debian-9
docker push digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:debian-9

PXE server

  1. Install TFTP, NFS, debootstrap

    sudo apt-get install tftp-hpa nfs-kernel-server debootstrap syslinux

  2. We will store our initrd and boot loader under /srv/tftp and our NFS root filesystem under /srv/nfsroot and NFS home under/srv/nfshome:

    sudo mkdir -p /srv/tftp /srv/nfsroot /srv/nfshome/{dell-r230-server-1,dell-r230-server-2}

  3. Configure tftp’s /etc/default/tftpd-hpa:

    TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"
RUN_DAEMON="yes"
OPTIONS="-l -s /srv/tftp"

  4. Add the following to /etc/inetd.conf:

    tftp    dgram   udp    wait    root    /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /srv/tftp

  5. Restart TFTP

    sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa

  6. Check if it's running ok:

    lerwys@lerwysPC:~/Repos/Installation_instructions$ sudo systemctl status tftpd-hpa
● tftpd-hpa.service - LSB: HPA's tftp server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Seg 2018-03-05 14:06:37 -03; 3s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 23372 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23384 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 1
   Memory: 192.0K
      CPU: 9ms
   CGroup: /system.slice/tftpd-hpa.service
           └─23399 /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --user tftp --address :69 --secure /srv/tftp

Mar 05 14:06:37 lerwysPC systemd[1]: Starting LSB: HPA's tftp server...
Mar 05 14:06:37 lerwysPC tftpd-hpa[23384]:  * Starting HPA's tftpd in.tftpd
Mar 05 14:06:37 lerwysPC tftpd-hpa[23384]:    ...done.
Mar 05 14:06:37 lerwysPC systemd[1]: Started LSB: HPA's tftp server.

  7. Mount special filesystems:

    sudo ln -sf /proc/mounts ${ROOTFS}/etc/mtab
sudo chroot ${ROOTFS} mount -t proc proc /proc
sudo ln -sf /proc/self/fd ${ROOTFS}/dev || true

  8. Our nfsroot and nfshome needs to be mountable via NFS. Export them to our local network by putting the following in /etc/exports:

    /srv/nfsroot 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
#/srv/nfshome 10.0.0.0/24(ro,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-1 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,insecure)
/srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-2 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,insecure)

/srv/nfsroot 192.168.2.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
#/srv/nfshome 192.168.2.0/24(ro,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-1 192.168.2.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,insecure)
/srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-2 192.168.2.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,insecure)

  9. Check if NFS server is running ok:

    sudo systemctl status nfs-kernel-server.service
    lerwys@lerwysPC:~$ sudo systemctl status nfs-kernel-server.service
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Seg 2018-03-05 14:10:22 -03; 850ms ago
  Process: 23643 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs -f (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23641 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs -au (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23638 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd 0 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23659 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23655 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 23659 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Mar 05 14:10:21 lerwysPC systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...
Mar 05 14:10:22 lerwysPC systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.

  10. Export NFS folders

    sudo exportfs -rv

  11. We will be booting to a custom Debian install. Install it in /srv/nfsroot using Debootstrap:

    sudo debootstrap stable /srv/nfsroot http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian

  12. Configure user and password:

    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot passwd root
sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot usermod -d /home/root root

sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot adduser server

  13. Install desired packages into the NFS:

    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get update
sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get install -y \
    initramfs-tools \
    linux-image-amd64 \
    autofs \
    openssh-server

    1. Install Docker CE

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get install -y \
     apt-transport-https \
     ca-certificates \
     curl \
     gnupg2 \
     software-properties-common \
     lvm2

    2. Add GPG key:

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot bash -c "curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID")/gpg | apt-key add -"

    3. Add apt repository

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot add-apt-repository \
    "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID") \
    $(lsb_release -cs) \
    stable"

    4. Update and install docker CE

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get update
sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get install -y docker-ce

    5. Add docker group permissions

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot groupadd docker
sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot usermod -aG docker server

    6. Install Docker Compose

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot curl -L \
    https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.19.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` \
    -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

    7. Add executable permissions

      sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

    8. Change default Docker Storage Driver to overlay2

      sudo bash -c 'cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfsroot/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
'

    9. Setup autofs to mount the hostname home directory

      sudo bash -c 'echo -e "\n# Automount NFS partitions\n/home   /etc/auto.home" \
    >> /srv/nfsroot/etc/auto.master'
      sudo bash -c 'cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfsroot/etc/auto.home
server   192.168.2.12:/srv/nfshome/$HOST
EOF
'

  14. Configure its initramfs to generate NFS-booting initrd's:

    sudo sed 's/MODULES=.*$/MODULES=netboot/' -i /srv/nfsroot/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf
sudo bash -c "echo "BOOT=nfs" >> /srv/nfsroot/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf"

  15. Configure fstab:

    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot apt-get -y install nfs-common
    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot mkdir -p /var/lib/docker /etc/{docker,docker.rw}
    sudo bash -c "cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfsroot/etc/fstab
proc                 /proc      proc    defaults   0 0
/dev/nfs             /          nfs     tcp,nolock 0 0
none                 /tmp       tmpfs   defaults   0 0
none                 /var/tmp   tmpfs   defaults   0 0
none                 /media     tmpfs   defaults   0 0
none                 /var/log   tmpfs   defaults   0 0
none                 /etc/docker.rw   tmpfs   defaults   0 0
none                 /var/lib/docker   tmpfs   defaults   0 0
EOF
"
    sudo bash -c 'cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfsroot/etc/systemd/system/mount-docker-overlay.service
[Unit]
Description=Mount /etc/docker as an overlay fielsystem
RequiresMountsFor=/etc/docker.rw
Before=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c " \
    /bin/mkdir -p /etc/docker.rw/rw && \
    /bin/mkdir -p /etc/docker.rw/workdir && \
    /bin/mount -t overlay overlay \
        -olowerdir=/etc/docker,upperdir=/etc/docker.rw/rw,workdir=/etc/docker.rw/workdir /etc/docker \
"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
'
    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot systemctl enable mount-docker-overlay

  16. Registry domain name in DNS or change the host /srv/nfsroot/etc/hosts:

    sudo bash -c 'echo "192.168.2.12 digdockerregistry.com.br" >> /srv/nfsroot/etc/hosts'

  17. Configure mtab

    sudo ln -s /proc/mounts /srv/nfsroot/etc/mtab

  18. Add bootstrap service for applications

    sudo bash -c "cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfsroot/etc/systemd/system/bootstrap-apps.service
[Unit]
Description=Bootstrap service to load applications
After=autofs.service
Wants=autofs.service
After=docker.service
Wants=docker.service
After=mount-docker-overlay.service
Requires=mount-docker-overlay.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/server/bootstrap-apps.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
"
    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot systemctl enable bootstrap-apps

  19. Configure NFS homes:

    sudo mkdir -p /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-1
sudo bash -c 'cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-1/bootstrap-apps.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -ueo pipefail

DMM7510_INSTANCE=DCCT1
IMAGE_VERSION=debian-9

# Testing Image
/usr/bin/docker pull \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION}

/usr/bin/docker create \
    -v /opt/epics/startup/ioc/dmm7510-epics-ioc/iocBoot/iocdmm7510/autosave \
    --name dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE}-volume \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION} \
    2>/dev/null || true

/usr/bin/docker run \
    --net host \
    -t \
    --rm \
    --volumes-from dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE}-volume \
    --name dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE} \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION} \
    -i 10.0.18.37 \
    -p 5025 \
    -d DCCT1 \
    -P TEST: \
    -R DCCT:
EOF
'
sudo chmod 755 /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-1/bootstrap-apps.sh

sudo mkdir -p /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-2
sudo bash -c 'cat << "EOF" > /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-2/bootstrap-apps.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -ueo pipefail

DMM7510_INSTANCE=DCCT2
IMAGE_VERSION=debian-9

# Testing Image
/usr/bin/docker pull \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION}

/usr/bin/docker create \
    -v /opt/epics/startup/ioc/dmm7510-epics-ioc/iocBoot/iocdmm7510/autosave \
    --name dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE}-volume \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION} \
    2>/dev/null || true

/usr/bin/docker run \
    --net host \
    -t \
    --rm \
    --volumes-from dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE}-volume \
    --name dmm7510-epics-ioc-${DMM7510_INSTANCE} \
    digdockerregistry.com.br/dmm7510-epics-ioc:${IMAGE_VERSION} \
    -i 10.0.18.37 \
    -p 5025 \
    -d DCCT1 \
    -P TEST: \
    -R DCCT:
EOF
'
sudo chmod 755 /srv/nfshome/dell-r230-server-2/bootstrap-apps.sh

  20. Generate initrd

    sudo chroot /srv/nfsroot update-initramfs -u

  21. Copy support libraries from debian netboot to TFTP folder

    mkdir -p ~/Downloads/debian-netboot && cd ~/Downloads
wget -nc http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
cd ~/Downloads/debian-netboot
tar xvf ../netboot.tar.gz

sudo mkdir -p /srv/tftp/bootlibs
sudo cp ~/Downloads/debian-netboot/debian-installer/amd64/boot-screens/*.c32 /srv/tftp/bootlibs
sudo ln -s bootlibs/ldlinux.c32 /srv/tftp/

  22. Copy generated initrd, kernel image, and pxe bootloader to tftp root and create folder for PXE config:

    sudo cp /srv/nfsroot/boot/initrd.img-*-amd64 /srv/tftp/
sudo cp /srv/nfsroot/boot/vmlinuz-*-amd64 /srv/tftp/
cd /srv/tftp && wget -nc http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/pxelinux.0
sudo mkdir /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg

  23. Configure boot loader. Put the following into /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/default:

    sudo bash -c "cat << "EOF" > /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/default
# boot diskless computer with debian stretch
default Debian
prompt 1
timeout 10
label Debian
kernel vmlinuz-4.9.0-4-amd64
append root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img-4.9.0-4-amd64 nfsroot=192.168.2.12:/srv/nfsroot ro panic=10 ipv6.disable=1  ip=:::::eno1
EOF
"

  24. PXE server is ready to go. Reboot the client into PXE boot and wait for initizalization.

  25. Unmount special filesystems from rootfs

sudo bash -c "chroot /srv/nfsroot/ umount /proc || true"