book.bib

@Book{xie2015,
  title = {Dynamic Documents with {R} and knitr},
  author = {Yihui Xie},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
  address = {Boca Raton, Florida},
  year = {2015},
  edition = {2nd},
  note = {ISBN 978-1498716963},
  url = {http://yihui.org/knitr/},
}
@article{tajeu2012misuse,
  title={Misuse of odds ratios in obesity literature: an empirical analysis of published studies},
  author={Tajeu, Gabriel S and Sen, Bisakha and Allison, David B and Menachemi, Nir},
  journal={Obesity},
  volume={20},
  number={8},
  pages={1726--1731},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{taylor1986choosing,
  title={Choosing the number of controls in a matched case-control study, some sample size, power and efficiency considerations},
  author={Taylor, Jeremy MG},
  journal={Statistics in medicine},
  volume={5},
  number={1},
  pages={29--36},
  year={1986},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{abe2020social,
  title={Social participation and physical prefrailty in older Japanese adults: the Shimane CoHRE study},
  author={Abe, Takafumi and Okuyama, Kenta and Kamada, Masamitsu and Yano, Shozo and Toyama, Yuta and Isomura, Minoru and Nabika, Toru and Sakane, Naoki and Ando, Hitoshi and Miyazaki, Ryo},
  journal={PLoS One},
  volume={15},
  number={12},
  pages={e0243548},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA}
}
@article{schafer1999multiple,
  title={Multiple imputation: a primer},
  author={Schafer, Joseph L},
  journal={Statistical methods in medical research},
  volume={8},
  number={1},
  pages={3--15},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}
@article{rubin1996multiple,
  title={Multiple imputation after 18+ years},
  author={Rubin, Donald B},
  journal={Journal of the American statistical Association},
  volume={91},
  number={434},
  pages={473--489},
  year={1996},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{graham2007many,
  title={How many imputations are really needed? Some practical clarifications of multiple imputation theory},
  author={Graham, John W and Olchowski, Allison E and Gilreath, Tamika D},
  journal={Prevention science},
  volume={8},
  pages={206--213},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Springer}
}
@article{knol2007estimating,
  title={Estimating interaction on an additive scale between continuous determinants in a logistic regression model},
  author={Knol, Mirjam J and van der Tweel, Ingeborg and Grobbee, Diederick E and Numans, Mattijs E and Geerlings, Mirjam I},
  journal={International journal of epidemiology},
  volume={36},
  number={5},
  pages={1111--1118},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{merlo2006brief,
  title={A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena},
  author={Merlo, Juan and Chaix, Basile and Ohlsson, Henrik and Beckman, Anders and Johnell, Kristina and Hjerpe, Per and R{\aa}stam, Lennart and Larsen, Klaus},
  journal={Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health},
  volume={60},
  number={4},
  pages={290--297},
  year={2006},
  publisher={BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}
}
@article{liu2020physical,
  title={Physical frailty and its associated factors among elderly nursing home residents in China},
  author={Liu, Weiwei and Puts, Martine and Jiang, Fen and Zhou, Chuyi and Tang, Siyuan and Chen, Sanmei},
  journal={BMC geriatrics},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2020},
  publisher={BioMed Central}
}
@article{dasgupta2019frail,
  title={How frail are our elderly? An assessment with Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI) in a rural elderly population of West Bengal},
  author={Dasgupta, Aparajita and Bandyopadhyay, Sayanti and Bandyopadhyay, Lina and Roy, Soumit and Paul, Bobby and Mandal, Shamita},
  journal={Journal of family medicine and primary care},
  volume={8},
  number={7},
  pages={2242},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Wolters Kluwer--Medknow Publications}
}
@article{shi2021national,
  title={A national cohort study (2000--2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States},
  author={Shi, Liuhua and Steenland, Kyle and Li, Haomin and Liu, Pengfei and Zhang, Yuhan and Lyles, Robert H and Requia, Weeberb J and Ilango, Sindana D and Chang, Howard H and Wingo, Thomas and others},
  journal={Nature communications},
  volume={12},
  number={1},
  pages={6754},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
}
@article{yeoh2018can,
  title={Can acute clinical outcomes predict health-related quality of life after stroke: a one-year prospective study of stroke survivors},
  author={Yeoh, Yen Shing and Koh, Gerald Choon-Huat and Tan, Chuen Seng and Lee, Kim En and Tu, Tian Ming and Singh, Rajinder and Chang, Hui Meng and De Silva, Deidre A and Ng, Yee Sien and Ang, Yan Hoon and others},
  journal={Health and quality of life outcomes},
  volume={16},
  number={1},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2018},
  publisher={BioMed Central}
}
@article{gu2019association,
  title={Association between the number of teeth and frailty among Chinese older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study},
  author={Gu, Yaohua and Wu, Wenwen and Bai, Jinbing and Chen, Xuyu and Chen, Xiaoli and Yu, Liping and Zhang, Qing and Zou, Zhijie and Luo, Xianwu and Pei, Xianbo and others},
  journal={BMJ open},
  volume={9},
  number={10},
  pages={e029929},
  year={2019},
  publisher={British Medical Journal Publishing Group}
}
@article{dosa2012evacuate,
  title={To evacuate or shelter in place: implications of universal hurricane evacuation policies on nursing home residents},
  author={Dosa, David and Hyer, Kathryn and Thomas, Kali and Swaminathan, Shailender and Feng, Zhanlian and Brown, Lisa and Mor, Vincent},
  journal={Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  volume={13},
  number={2},
  pages={190--e1},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{bernabeu2020frailty,
  title={Frailty transitions and associated clinical outcomes in patients with stable COPD: A longitudinal study},
  author={Bernabeu-Mora, Roberto and Oliveira-Sousa, Silvana Loana and S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'\i}nez, M{\textordfeminine} Piedad and Garc{\'\i}a-Vidal, Jose Antonio and Gacto-S{\'a}nchez, Mariano and Medina-Mirapeix, Francesc},
  journal={Plos one},
  volume={15},
  number={4},
  pages={e0230116},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA}
}
@article{rello2020predicting,
  title={Predicting risk of dyslexia with an online gamified test},
  author={Rello, Luz and Baeza-Yates, Ricardo and Ali, Abdullah and Bigham, Jeffrey P and Serra, Miquel},
  journal={Plos one},
  volume={15},
  number={12},
  pages={e0241687},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA}
}
@article{cramer2002origins,
  title={The origins of logistic regression},
  author={Cramer, Jan Salomon},
  year={2002},
  publisher={Tinbergen Institute Working Paper}
}
@article{wang2013converting,
  title={Converting odds ratio to relative risk in cohort studies with partial data information},
  author={Wang, Zhu},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={55},
  pages={1--11},
  year={2013}
}
@article{grant2014converting,
  title={Converting an odds ratio to a range of plausible relative risks for better communication of research findings},
  author={Grant, Robert L},
  journal={Bmj},
  volume={348},
  year={2014},
  publisher={British Medical Journal Publishing Group}
}
@article{wang2007determination,
  title={Determination of the selection statistics and best significance level in backward stepwise logistic regression},
  author={Wang, Qinggang and Koval, John J and Mills, Catherine A and Lee, Kang-In David},
  journal={Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation},
  volume={37},
  number={1},
  pages={62--72},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{bu2023development,
  title={Development and validation of a risk prediction model for frailty in patients with diabetes},
  author={Bu, Fan and Deng, Xiao-hui and Zhan, Na-ni and Cheng, Hongtao and Wang, Zi-lin and Tang, Li and Zhao, Yu and Lyu, Qi-yuan},
  journal={BMC geriatrics},
  volume={23},
  number={1},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2023},
  publisher={BioMed Central}
}
@article{zhang2016variable,
  title={Variable selection with stepwise and best subset approaches},
  author={Zhang, Zhongheng},
  journal={Annals of translational medicine},
  volume={4},
  number={7},
  year={2016},
  publisher={AME Publications}
}
@article{wang2020association,
  title={Association of swallowing problems with frailty in Chinese hospitalized older patients},
  author={Wang, Tiantian and Zhao, Yanwei and Guo, Aimin},
  journal={International journal of nursing sciences},
  volume={7},
  number={4},
  pages={408--412},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{kwak2018prediction,
  title={Prediction of sarcopenia using a combination of multiple serum biomarkers},
  author={Kwak, Ju Yeon and Hwang, Hyeoncheol and Kim, Seon-Kyu and Choi, Jeong Yi and Lee, Seung-Min and Bang, Hyun and Kwon, Eun-Soo and Lee, Kwang-Pyo and Chung, Sun Gun and Kwon, Ki-Sun},
  journal={Scientific reports},
  volume={8},
  number={1},
  pages={8574},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
}
@article{glynn2012role,
  title={Role of disease risk scores in comparative effectiveness research with emerging therapies},
  author={Glynn, Robert J and Gagne, Joshua J and Schneeweiss, Sebastian},
  journal={Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety},
  volume={21},
  pages={138--147},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{gilbert2018development,
  title={Development and validation of a Hospital Frailty Risk Score focusing on older people in acute care settings using electronic hospital records: an observational study},
  author={Gilbert, Thomas and Neuburger, Jenny and Kraindler, Joshua and Keeble, Eilis and Smith, Paul and Ariti, Cono and Arora, Sandeepa and Street, Andrew and Parker, Stuart and Roberts, Helen C and others},
  journal={The Lancet},
  volume={391},
  number={10132},
  pages={1775--1782},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{ng2014frailty,
  title={Frailty in older persons: multisystem risk factors and the Frailty Risk Index (FRI)},
  author={Ng, Tze Pin and Feng, Liang and Nyunt, Ma Shwe Zin and Larbi, Anis and Yap, Keng Bee},
  journal={Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  volume={15},
  number={9},
  pages={635--642},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{sundermann2011comprehensive,
  title={Comprehensive assessment of frailty for elderly high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery},
  author={S{\"u}ndermann, Simon and Dademasch, Anika and Praetorius, Julian and Kempfert, J{\"o}rg and Dewey, Todd and Falk, Volkmar and Mohr, Friedrich-Wilhelm and Walther, Thomas},
  journal={European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery},
  volume={39},
  number={1},
  pages={33--37},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Elsevier Science BV}
}
@article{ju2021derivation,
  title={Derivation of an electronic frailty index for predicting short-term mortality in heart failure: a machine learning approach},
  author={Ju, Chengsheng and Zhou, Jiandong and Lee, Sharen and Tan, Martin Sebastian and Liu, Tong and Bazoukis, George and Jeevaratnam, Kamalan and Chan, Esther WY and Wong, Ian Chi Kei and Wei, Li and others},
  journal={ESC heart failure},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={2837--2845},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{tarekegn2020predictive,
  title={Predictive modeling for frailty conditions in elderly people: machine learning approaches},
  author={Tarekegn, Adane and Ricceri, Fulvio and Costa, Giuseppe and Ferracin, Elisa and Giacobini, Mario and others},
  journal={JMIR medical informatics},
  volume={8},
  number={6},
  pages={e16678},
  year={2020},
  publisher={JMIR Publications Inc., Toronto, Canada}
}
@article{da2023machine,
  title={Machine Learning Models to Predict Future Frailty in Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Older Adults: the ELSA cohort study},
  author={da Cunha Leme, Daniel Eduardo and De Oliveira, Cesar},
  journal={The Journals of Gerontology: Series A},
  pages={glad127},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Oxford University Press US}
}
@article{wu2022latent,
  title={Latent trajectories of frailty and risk prediction models among geriatric community dwellers: an interpretable machine learning perspective},
  author={Wu, Yafei and Jia, Maoni and Xiang, Chaoyi and Fang, Ya},
  journal={BMC geriatrics},
  volume={22},
  number={1},
  pages={900},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer}
}
@article{massaad2021performance,
  title={Performance assessment of the metastatic spinal tumor frailty index using machine learning algorithms: limitations and future directions},
  author={Massaad, Elie and Williams, Natalie and Hadzipasic, Muhamed and Patel, Shalin S and Fourman, Mitchell S and Kiapour, Ali and Schoenfeld, Andrew J and Shankar, Ganesh M and Shin, John H},
  journal={Neurosurgical focus},
  volume={50},
  number={5},
  pages={E5},
  year={2021},
  publisher={American Association of Neurological Surgeons}
}
@article{gale2018social,
  title={Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing},
  author={Gale, Catharine R and Westbury, Leo and Cooper, Cyrus},
  journal={Age and ageing},
  volume={47},
  number={3},
  pages={392--397},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{hsieh1989sample,
  title={Sample size tables for logistic regression},
  author={Hsieh, FY},
  journal={Statistics in medicine},
  volume={8},
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  year={1989},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{hsieh1998simple,
  title={A simple method of sample size calculation for linear and logistic regression},
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}
@article{demidenko2007sample,
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  year={2007},
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}
@article{bulusstatistical,
  title={Statistical Power Analysis with pwrss R Package},
  author={Bulus, Metin and Polat, Cahit}
}
@article{dos2020frailty,
  title={Frailty predicts surgical complications after kidney transplantation. A propensity score matched study},
  author={dos Santos Mantovani, Milena and Coelho de Carvalho, Nyara and Archangelo, Thom{\'a}z Eduardo and Modelli de Andrade, Luis Gustavo and Pires Ferreira Filho, Sebasti{\~a}o and de Souza Cavalcante, Ricardo and Kawano, Paulo Roberto and Papini, Silvia Justina and Costa, Nara Aline and Monteiro de Barros Almeida, Ricardo Augusto},
  journal={PLoS One},
  volume={15},
  number={2},
  pages={e0229531},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA}
}
@article{chin2023comparing,
  title={Comparing the hospital frailty risk score and the clinical frailty scale among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation},
  author={Chin, Melanie and Kendzerska, Tetyana and Inoue, Jiro and Aw, Michael and Mardiros, Linda and Pease, Christopher and Andrew, Melissa K and Pakhale, Smita and Forster, Alan J and Mulpuru, Sunita},
  journal={JAMA Network Open},
  volume={6},
  number={2},
  pages={e2253692--e2253692},
  year={2023},
  publisher={American Medical Association}
}
@article{sato2020intensity,
  title={Intensity of community-based programs by long-term care insurers and the likelihood of frailty: Multilevel analysis of older Japanese adults},
  author={Sato, Koryu and Ikeda, Takaaki and Watanabe, Ryota and Kondo, Naoki and Kawachi, Ichiro and Kondo, Katsunori},
  journal={Social Science \& Medicine},
  volume={245},
  pages={112701},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{joseph2014superiority,
  title={Superiority of frailty over age in predicting outcomes among geriatric trauma patients: a prospective analysis},
  author={Joseph, Bellal and Pandit, Viraj and Zangbar, Bardiya and Kulvatunyou, Narong and Hashmi, Ammar and Green, Donald J and O’Keeffe, Terence and Tang, Andrew and Vercruysse, Gary and Fain, Mindy J and others},
  journal={JAMA surgery},
  volume={149},
  number={8},
  pages={766--772},
  year={2014},
  publisher={American Medical Association}
}
@article{searle2008standard,
  title={A standard procedure for creating a frailty index},
  author={Searle, Samuel D and Mitnitski, Arnold and Gahbauer, Evelyne A and Gill, Thomas M and Rockwood, Kenneth},
  journal={BMC geriatrics},
  volume={8},
  number={1},
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  year={2008},
  publisher={BioMed Central}
}