diff --git a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowAction.java b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowAction.java
index 180248df8..89471ee00 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowAction.java
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import org.opensearch.client.node.NodeClient;
+import org.opensearch.core.rest.RestStatus;
+import org.opensearch.flowframework.exception.FlowFrameworkException;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.transport.ProvisionWorkflowAction;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.transport.WorkflowRequest;
 import org.opensearch.rest.BaseRestHandler;
@@ -53,13 +55,13 @@ protected RestChannelConsumer prepareRequest(RestRequest request, NodeClient cli
 
         // Validate content
         if (request.hasContent()) {
-            throw new IOException("Invalid request format");
+            throw new FlowFrameworkException("Invalid request format", RestStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
         }
 
         // Validate params
         String workflowId = request.param(WORKFLOW_ID);
         if (workflowId == null) {
-            throw new IOException("workflow_id cannot be null");
+            throw new FlowFrameworkException("workflow_id cannot be null", RestStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
         }
 
         // Create request and provision
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/CreateWorkflowTransportAction.java b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/CreateWorkflowTransportAction.java
index eace47037..abc704064 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/CreateWorkflowTransportAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/CreateWorkflowTransportAction.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.support.HandledTransportAction;
 import org.opensearch.common.inject.Inject;
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
+import org.opensearch.core.rest.RestStatus;
+import org.opensearch.flowframework.exception.FlowFrameworkException;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.indices.GlobalContextHandler;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportService;
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ protected void doExecute(Task task, WorkflowRequest request, ActionListener<Work
                 listener.onResponse(new WorkflowResponse(response.getId()));
             }, exception -> {
                 logger.error("Failed to save use case template : {}", exception.getMessage());
-                listener.onFailure(exception);
+                listener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(exception.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
             }));
         } else {
             // Update existing entry, full document replacement
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ protected void doExecute(Task task, WorkflowRequest request, ActionListener<Work
                 listener.onResponse(new WorkflowResponse(response.getId()));
             }, exception -> {
                 logger.error("Failed to updated use case template {} : {}", request.getWorkflowId(), exception.getMessage());
-                listener.onFailure(exception);
+                listener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(exception.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
             }));
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/ProvisionWorkflowTransportAction.java b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/ProvisionWorkflowTransportAction.java
index be4f2ed2d..0dbec5bf2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/ProvisionWorkflowTransportAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/transport/ProvisionWorkflowTransportAction.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.inject.Inject;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext;
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
+import org.opensearch.core.rest.RestStatus;
+import org.opensearch.flowframework.exception.FlowFrameworkException;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.model.Template;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.model.Workflow;
 import org.opensearch.flowframework.workflow.ProcessNode;
@@ -92,11 +94,11 @@ protected void doExecute(Task task, WorkflowRequest request, ActionListener<Work
                 executeWorkflowAsync(workflowId, template.workflows().get(PROVISION_WORKFLOW));
             }, exception -> {
                 logger.error("Failed to retrieve template from global context.", exception);
-                listener.onFailure(exception);
+                listener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(exception.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
             }));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             logger.error("Failed to retrieve template from global context.", e);
-            listener.onFailure(e);
+            listener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(e.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
         }
     }
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ private void executeWorkflowAsync(String workflowId, Workflow workflow) {
         try {
             threadPool.executor(PROVISION_THREAD_POOL).execute(() -> { executeWorkflow(workflow, provisionWorkflowListener); });
         } catch (Exception exception) {
-            provisionWorkflowListener.onFailure(exception);
+            provisionWorkflowListener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(exception.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
         }
     }
 
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ private void executeWorkflow(Workflow workflow, ActionListener<String> workflowL
             // TODO : Create State Index request with provisioning state, start time, end time, etc, pending implementation. String for now
             workflowListener.onResponse("READY");
         } catch (CancellationException | CompletionException ex) {
-            workflowListener.onFailure(ex);
+            workflowListener.onFailure(new FlowFrameworkException(ex.getMessage(), RestStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowActionTests.java b/src/test/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowActionTests.java
index 267b4f6ce..a44817cec 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowActionTests.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/opensearch/flowframework/rest/RestProvisionWorkflowActionTests.java
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 
 import org.opensearch.client.node.NodeClient;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.bytes.BytesArray;
+import org.opensearch.core.rest.RestStatus;
 import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.MediaTypeRegistry;
+import org.opensearch.flowframework.exception.FlowFrameworkException;
 import org.opensearch.rest.RestHandler.Route;
 import org.opensearch.rest.RestRequest;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
@@ -56,8 +58,11 @@ public void testNullWorkflowIdAndTemplate() throws IOException {
             .withPath(this.provisionWorkflowPath)
             .build();
 
-        IOException ex = expectThrows(IOException.class, () -> { provisionWorkflowRestAction.prepareRequest(request, nodeClient); });
+        FlowFrameworkException ex = expectThrows(FlowFrameworkException.class, () -> {
+            provisionWorkflowRestAction.prepareRequest(request, nodeClient);
+        });
         assertEquals("workflow_id cannot be null", ex.getMessage());
+        assertEquals(RestStatus.BAD_REQUEST, ex.getRestStatus());
     }
 
     public void testInvalidRequestWithContent() throws IOException {
@@ -66,8 +71,11 @@ public void testInvalidRequestWithContent() throws IOException {
             .withContent(new BytesArray("request body"), MediaTypeRegistry.JSON)
             .build();
 
-        IOException ex = expectThrows(IOException.class, () -> { provisionWorkflowRestAction.prepareRequest(request, nodeClient); });
+        FlowFrameworkException ex = expectThrows(FlowFrameworkException.class, () -> {
+            provisionWorkflowRestAction.prepareRequest(request, nodeClient);
+        });
         assertEquals("Invalid request format", ex.getMessage());
+        assertEquals(RestStatus.BAD_REQUEST, ex.getRestStatus());
     }
 
 }