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Minimal LZMA Project (minlzma)

The Minimal LZMA (minlzma) project aims to provide a minimalistic, cross-platform, highly commented, standards-compliant C library (minlzlib) for decompressing LZMA2-encapsulated compressed data in LZMA format within an XZ container, as can be generated with Python 3.6, 7-zip, and xzutils. Additionally, a simple, portable, command-line tool (minlzdec) is provided for excercising the functionality on a provided input file.

External Interface

/*!
 * @brief          Decompresses an XZ stream from InputBuffer into OutputBuffer.
 *
 * @detail         The XZ stream must contain a single block with an LZMA2 filter
 *                 and no BJC2 filters, using default LZMA properties, and using
 *                 either CRC-64, CRC-32, or None as the checksum type (unknown
 *                 checksum algorithms will be safely ignored, however).
 *
 * @param[in]      InputBuffer - A fully formed buffer containing the XZ stream.
 * @param[in]      InputSize - The size of the input buffer.
 * @param[in]      OutputBuffer - A fully allocated buffer to receive the output.
 *                 Callers can pass in NULL if they do not intend to decompress,
 *                 in combination with setting OutputSize to 0, in order to query
 *                 the final expected size of the decompressed buffer.
 * @param[in,out]  OutputSize - On input, the size of the buffer. On output, the
 *                 size of the decompressed result.
 *
 * @return         true - The input buffer was fully decompressed in OutputBuffer,
 *                 or no decompression was requested, the size of the decompressed
 *                 buffer was returned in OutputSIze.
 *                 false - A failure occurred during the decompression process.
 */
bool
XzDecode (
    const uint8_t* InputBuffer,
    uint32_t InputSize,
    uint8_t* OutputBuffer,
    uint32_t* OutputSize
    );
/*!
 * @brief          Returns if the last call to XzDecode resulted in an integrity
 *                 error.
 *
 * @detail         Checksum errors can indicate either the uncompressed block's
 *                 CRC-32 or CRC-64 checksum being corrupt, or any of the meta-
 *                 data CRC-32 checksums in the header, footer, or index.
 *
 * @return         true - A checksum error was encountered at some point.
 *                 false - No error was encountered or integrity checks are not
 *                 enabled.
 */
bool
XzChecksumError (
    void
    );

Limitations and Restrictions

In order to provide its vast simplicity, fast performance, minimal source, and small compiled size, minlzlib makes certain assumptions about the input file and has certain restrictions or limitations:

  • The entire input stream must be available (multi-call/streaming mode are not supported)
  • The entire output buffer must be allocated with a fixed size -- however, callers are able to query the required size
  • The XZ file must be "solid", i.e.: a single block (with a single dictionary/properties reset)
  • The LZMA2 property byte must indicate the LZMA properties lc = 3, pb = 2, lc = 0
  • The XZ block must not have the optional "compressed size" and/or "uncompressed size" VLI metadata

Note that while these assumptions may seem overly restrictive, they correspond to the usual files produced by xzutils, 7-zip when choosing XZ as the format, and the Python LZMA module. Most encoders do not support the vast majority of XZ/LZMA2's purported capabilities such as multiple blocks, streaming, or multi-threading.

Testing (Linux)

  • Generate 4MB of noise :

    • shasum input file
    • Compress with Python
    • Compress with xzutils
    • Decompress with minlzdec
    • shasum output files

  • Generate 4MB of whitespace:

    • shasum input file
    • Compress with Python
    • Compress with xzutils
    • Decompress with minlzdec
    • shasum output files

Testing (Windows)

  • Generate 4MB of noise:

    • Get-FileHash input file
    • Compress with 7z
    • Decompress with minlzdec
    • Get-FileHash output file

  • Generate 4MB of whitespace:

    • Get-FileHash input file
    • Compress with 7z
    • Decompress with minlzdec
    • Get-FileHash output file

Compile-time Options

  • MINLZ_INTEGRITY_CHECKS -- This option configures whether or not CRC32 checksumming of the XZ data structures and compressed block should be performed, or skipped. Removing this functionality gains an increase in performance which scales with the size of the input file. It results in a minimal increase in library size and will include the XZ/CRC-32 and XZ/CRC-64 checksum algorithms. Other algorithms will be safely ignored. This option also enables MINLZ_META_CHECKS described below.

  • MINLZ_META_CHECKS -- This option configures whether or nor the input files should be fully trusted to conform to the requirements of minlzlib and do not require checking the various stream header flags or block header flags and other attributes. Additionally, the index and stream footer are completely ignored. This mode results in a sub-10KB library that can decode 100MB/s on a ~3.6GHz single-processor. This is only recommended if the input file is wrapped or delivered in a cryptographically tamper-proof secure channel or container (such as a signed hash).

Usage

minlzdec v.1.1.5 -- http://ionescu007.github.io/minlzma
Copyright(c) 2020-2021 Alex Ionescu (@aionescu)

Usage: minlzdec [INPUT FILE] [OUTPUT FILE]
Decompress INPUT FILE in the .xz format into OUTPUT FILE.

Build Instructions

Within Visual Studio 2019, you can use File->Open->CMake and point it at the top-level CMakeFiles.txt, and choose either the win-amd64 target or the win-release-amd64 target. The former builds a binary with no optimizations, the later builds a fully optimized binary (for speed) with debug symbols.

If you use WSL, ...

For Linux native builds, ...

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank the shoulders of the following giants, whose code, documentation, and writing was monumental in this effort:

  • Antonio Diaz Diaz -- author of lzip
  • Charles Bloom -- author of oodle
  • Fabian Giesen -- author of oodle
  • Igor Pavlov -- author of 7-zip
  • Lasse Collin -- author of xzutils

The author would also like to thank the following reviwers for identifying various bugs, typos, and other improvements: