feat: add metadata cache provider with APIs for write and query

This adds the MetaDataCacheProvider for managing metadata caches in the
influxdb3 instance. This includes APIs to create caches through the WAL
as well as from a catalog on initialization, to write data into the
managed caches, and to query data out of them.

The query side is fairly involved, relying on Datafusion's TableFunctionImpl
and TableProvider traits to make querying the cache using a user-defined
table function (UDTF) possible.

The predicate code was modified to only support two kinds of predicates:
IN and NOT IN, which simplifies the code, and maps nicely with the DataFusion
LiteralGuarantee which we leverage to derive the predicates from the
incoming queries.

A custom ExecutionPlan implementation was added specifically for the
metadata cache that can report the predicates that are pushed down to
the cache during query planning/execution.

A big set of tests was added to to check that queries are working, and
that predicates are being pushed down properly.

influxdb3_cache/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,12 +18,18 @@ influxdb3_wal = { path = "../influxdb3_wal" }
 # crates.io dependencies
 anyhow.workspace = true
 arrow.workspace = true
+async-trait.workspace = true
+datafusion.workspace = true
+indexmap.workspace = true
+parking_lot.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-# Core Crates
-arrow_util.workspace = true
 # Local deps
 influxdb3_write = { path = "../influxdb3_write" }
+# crates.io
+insta.workspace = true
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true