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ITI-GEN: Inclusive Text-to-Image Generation

paper arXiv video poster

Overview

ITI-GEN: Inclusive Text-to-Image Generation
Cheng Zhang, Xuanbai Chen, Siqi Chai, Chen Henry Wu, Dmitry Lagun, Thabo Beeler, Fernando De la Torre
ICCV 2023 Oral, Best Paper Finalist

This repo contains the code for training ITI-GEN and generating images that uniformly span across the categories of selected attributes. The main idea behind our approach is leveraging reference images to better represent diverse attributes. Key features of our method are:

  • Only need datasets that capture the marginal distribution of individual attributes, bypassing the need for datasets that represent joint distributions of multiple attributes.
  • The learned token embeddings are generalizable across different generative models.

Updates

[Oct 28 2023] Evaluation code added here.

[Sep 18 2023] Code released. Generation using Stable Diffusion is supported. Will support ControlNet, InstructionPix2Pix later.

[Sep 11 2023] Paper released to Arxiv.

Outline

Installation

The code has been tested with the following environment:

git clone https://github.com/humansensinglab/ITI-GEN.git
cd ITI-GEN
conda env create --name iti-gen --file=environment.yml
source activate iti-gen

Data Preparation

  1. We provide processed reference images as follows:
Dataset Description Attribute Used Google Drive
CelebA Real face images 40 binary facial attributes Link
FairFace Real face images Age with 9 categories Link
FAIR Synthetic face images Skin tone with 6 categories Link
LHQ Natural scenes 11 global scene attributes Link

Save the .zip files and unzip the downloaded reference images under data/ directory:

|-- data
|   |-- celeba
|   |   |-- 5_o_Clock_Shadow
|   |   |-- Bald
|   |   |-- ...

|   |-- FAIR_benchmark
|   |   |-- Skin_tone

|   |-- fairface
|   |   |-- Age

|   |-- lhq
|   |   |-- Bright
|   |   |-- Colorful
|   |   |-- ...
  1. (Optional) You can also construct customized reference images under data/ directory:
|-- data
|   |-- custom_dataset_name
|   |   |-- Attribute_1
|   |   |   |-- Category_1
|   |   |   |-- Category_2
|   |   |   |-- ..
|   |   |-- Attribute_2
|   |   |-- ...

Modify the corresponding functions in util.py.

Training ITI-GEN

1. Train on human domain (only several minutes)

python train_iti_gen.py \
    --prompt='a headshot of a person' \
    --attr-list='Male,Skin_tone,Age' \
    --epochs=30 \
    --save-ckpt-per-epochs=10
  • --prompt: prompt that you want to debias.
  • --attr_list: attributes should be selected from Dataset_name_attribute_list in util.py, separated by commas. Empirically, attributes that are easier to train (less # of category, easier to tell the visual difference between categories) should be put in the front, eg. Male < Young < ... < Skin_Tone < Age.
  • Checkpoints are saved every save_ckpt_per_epochs. However, it is NOT always the longer, the better. Better to check every ckpt.

2. Train on scene domain (only several minutes)

python train_iti_gen.py \
    --prompt='a natural scene' \
    --attr-list='Colorful' \
    --epochs=30 \
    --save-ckpt-per-epochs=10

(Optional) Prompt Prepending

1. Prepend on human domain

python prepend.py \
    --prompt='a headshot of a person' \
    --attr-list='Male,Skin_tone,Age' \
    --load-model-epoch=19 \
    --prepended-prompt='a headshot of a doctor'
  • --prompt and --attr_list should be align with those used in training ITI-GEN.
  • --load_model_epoch indicates the model's epoch you want to load.
  • --prepended_prompt: prepend the learnt tokens after this prompt to implement Train-Once-For-All Generation. In human domain, prompt and prepended_prompt should not differ a lot, better to solely change the occupation.

2. Prepend on scene domain

python prepend.py \
    --prompt='a natural scene' \
    --attr-list='Colorful' \
    --load-model-epoch=19 \
    --prepended-prompt='an alien pyramid landscape, art station, landscape, concept art, illustration, highly detailed artwork cinematic'

Generation

Our ITI-GEN training is standalone from the generative models such as Stable Diffusion, ControlNet, and InstructionPix2Pix. Here we show one example how to use ITI-GEN to generate images with Stable Diffusion.

Stable Diffusion installation

cd models
git clone https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion.git
# ITI-GEN has been tested with this version: https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original
# Due to licence issues, we cannot share the pre-trained checkpoints directly.
# Download it yourself and put the Stable Diffusion checkpoints at <path/to/sd-v1-4.ckpt>.
mv stable-diffusion sd
mkdir -p sd/models/ldm/stable-diffusion-v1/
ln -s <path/to/sd-v1-4.ckpt> sd/models/ldm/stable-diffusion-v1/model.ckpt
cd sd
pip install -e .
cd ../..

Image generation

1. Generation on the human domain

python generation.py \
    --config='models/sd/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-inference.yaml' \
    --ckpt='models/sd/models/ldm/stable-diffusion-v1/model.ckpt' \
    --plms \
    --attr-list='Male,Skin_tone,Age' \
    --outdir='./ckpts/a_headshot_of_a_person_Male_Skin_tone_Age/original_prompt_embedding/sample_results' \
    --prompt-path='./ckpts/a_headshot_of_a_person_Male_Skin_tone_Age/original_prompt_embedding/basis_final_embed_19.pt' \
    --n_iter=5 \
    --n_rows=5 \
    --n_samples=1
  • --config: config file for Stable Diffusion.
  • --ckpt: path to the pre-trained Stable Diffusion checkpoint.
  • --plms: whether to use the plms sampling.
  • --attr_list: attributes should be selected from Dataset_name_attribute_list in util.py, separated by commas. This should align with the attribute list used in training ITI-GEN.
  • --outdir: output directory of the generated images.
  • --prompt_path: path to the learnt prompt embeddings with ITI-GEN.
  • --n_iter: number of iterations for the diffusion sampling.
  • --n_rows: number of rows in the output image grid.
  • --n_samples: number of samples per row.

2. Generation on the scene domain

python generation.py \
    --config='models/sd/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-inference.yaml' \
    --ckpt='models/sd/models/ldm/stable-diffusion-v1/model.ckpt' \
    --plms \
    --attr-list='Colorful' \
    --outdir='./ckpts/a_natural_scene_Colorful/original_prompt_embedding/sample_results' \
    --prompt-path='./ckpts/a_natural_scene_Colorful/original_prompt_embedding/basis_final_embed_19.pt' \
    --n_iter=5 \
    --n_rows=5 \
    --n_samples=1

We are actively adding more features to this repo. Please stay tuned!

Evaluation

We show using CLIP, which is found superior to the pre-trained classifiers, for evaluating most of the attributes. When it might be erroneous for some attributes, we combine the CLIP results with human evaluations. The output for this script contains the quantitative results of both KL divergence and FID score, supported by CleanFID.

python evaluation.py \
    --img-folder '/path/to/image/folder/you/want/to/evaluate' \
    --class-list 'a headshot of a person wearing eyeglasses' 'a headshot of a person'
  • --img_folder: the image folder that you want to evaluate.
  • --class_list: the class prompts used for evaluation, separated by a space. The length of the list depends on the number of category combinations for different attributes. In terms of writing evaluation prompts for CelebA attributes, please refer (but not limited) to Table A3 in the supplementary materials.

We should notice FID score can be affected by various factors such as the image number. Each FID score in our paper is computed using images over 5K. For sanity check, we suggest directly comparing with the FID score of the images from baseline Stable Diffusion in the same setup. Please refer to Section 4.1 Quantitative Metrics in the main paper and Section D in the supplementary materials for more details.

Acknowledgements

Citation

If you find this repo useful, please cite:

@inproceedings{zhang2023inclusive,
  title={{ITI-GEN}: Inclusive Text-to-Image Generation},
  author={Zhang, Cheng and Chen, Xuanbai and Chai, Siqi and Wu, Henry Chen and Lagun, Dmitry and Beeler, Thabo and De la Torre, Fernando},
  booktitle = {ICCV},
  year={2023}
}

License

We use the X11 License. This license is identical to the MIT License, but with an extra sentence that prohibits using the copyright holders' names (Carnegie Mellon University and Google in our case) for advertising or promotional purposes without written permission.