Changelog

This changelog only includes added major features and changes. Bugfixes and minor changes are omitted.

Release History

The table below shows which release corresponds to each branch, and what date the version was released.

Version	Branch	Release Date
4.4.0	`dev`	Sep 1, 2020 (planned)
4.3.0	`beta`	Aug 1, 2020 (planned)
4.2.0	`stable`	Jul 3, 2020 (planned)
4.1.7		Jun 30, 2020
4.1.5		Jun 27, 2020
4.1.4		Jun 26, 2020
4.1.3		Jun 23, 2020
4.1.2		Jun 5, 2020
4.1.1		Jun 3, 2020
4.1.0		May 8, 2020
4.0.1		Jan 22, 2020
4.0.0		Jan 09, 2020
3.13.0		Nov 5, 2019
3.12.2		Jan 8, 2019
3.12.1		Sept 17, 2018
3.12.0		Feb 22, 2018
3.11.0		Jan 3, 2018
3.10.0		Oct 25, 2017
3.9.2		Oct 5, 2017
3.9.1		Sep 28, 2017
3.9.0		Sep 11, 2017
3.8.0		Jul 29, 2017
3.7.1		Jul 14, 2017
3.7.0		Jun 19, 2017
3.6.1		May 12, 2017
3.6.0		May 8, 2017
3.5.1		Apr 15, 2017
3.5.0		Mar 26, 2017
3.4.1		Feb 17, 2017
3.4.0		Feb 13, 2017
3.3.4		Jan 12, 2016
3.3.3		Jan 10, 2016
3.3.2		Jan 10, 2016
3.3.1		Jan 10, 2016
3.3.0		Dec 24, 2016
3.2.1		Dec 24, 2016
3.2.0		Nov 12, 2016
3.1.1		Oct 23, 2016
3.1.0		Oct 2, 2016
3.0.4		Sept 19, 2016
3.0.3		Sept 18, 2016
3.0.2		Sept 6, 2016
3.0.1		Aug 20, 2016
3.0.0		Aug 20, 2016
2.2.0		Jan 5, 2015

4.4.0 (`dev`)

4.3.0 (`beta`)

#1576 Add executable= argument to ELF.search
#1584 Add jmp_esp/jmp_rsp attribute to ROP
#1592 Fix over-verbose logging of process() environment
#1593 Colorize output of pwn template
#1601 Add pwn version command line tool
#1605 Add to fiddling.hexdump a way to suppress the total at the end
#1613 Permit --password for pwn template
#1564 Fix asm() and disasm() for PowerPC64, MIPS64, Sparc64
#1621 Permit negative values in flat() and fit()

4.2.0 (`stable`)

#1436 Add ret2dlresolve automation
fecf9f tubes.ssh.process() no longer requires python 2 installed on remote (still requires python, though)
Miscellanous improvements to DynElf and fmtstr leaker (see examples/fmtstr/exploit2.py)
#1454 Support for windows console colors

4.1.7 (`stable`)

#1615 Fix aarch64 pushstr and pushstr_array

4.1.5

#1517 flat(..., filler=) is fixed for str values and Python2 bytes

4.1.4

#1698 Fix issues in packing.flat with mis-ordred fields

4.1.3

#1590 Fix gdb.attach() for remote, listen, ssh tubes
- Also fix run_in_new_terminal for Py2 unicode strings
#1595 Fix ssh.process(timeout=)

4.1.2

Pwntools requires six v.1.12.0 or higher

4.1.1

Fix PLT resolution by locking unicorn <1.0.2rc4 (#1538)
Fix wrong ELF/context unpack handling (c4c11a37)
Fix updating of ELF.functions addresses after changing ELF.address #1512 (#1513)
Update Corefile warnings and replace asserts with normal checks (#1526)
several py2-py3 issues (#1451)
Fix cyclic command

4.1.0

#1316 Fix connect shellcraft in python 3
#1323 Fix issues related with debugging
#1001 Enhance unlock_bootloader with better status messages
#1389 remove old dependencies
#1241 Launch QEMU with sysroot if specified
#1218 Support for FileStructure exploitation

4.0.1

#1412 recvline_pred() and similar do not reorder data
Bypass unicorn-engine/unicorn#1100 and unicorn-engine/unicorn#1170 requiring unstable package

4.0.0

Python 3 support! <3
#1402 Fix serialtube in python 3
#1391 Fix process.libs
#1317 Tubes with context.encoding
#1216 Improve format string generator
#1285 Add freebsd generic syscall templates
76413f Add pwnlib.adb.bootimg for 'ANDROID!' format boot.img images
#1202 Docker: Kill 14 layers in pwntools base images
#1182 shellcraft.dupio() for mips

3.13.0

#1204 Reduce ROP cache filename length
#1175 Fix nested SSH connectors
#1355 Fix 'break' syscall
#1277 Fix timeout parameter passing in sendlineafter and other similar functions
#1292 Provide correct arch name to gdb for sparc64

3.12.2

#1242 Use IntervalTree 2.xx, disallow use of 3.xx
#1243 Fix a typo that caused an exception when executing a binary with process() which returns -ENOEXEC and the system does not have qemu-user binaries installed.

3.12.1

#1198 More compatibility fixes for pyelftools==0.25, and pin Sphinx<1.8.0 since it causes testing errors
#1191 Fix compatibility with pyelftools==0.25
#1159 Fix check for /proc/.../status
#1162 Fix broken package versions
#1150 Fix exception raised when a cache file is missing
#1156 Fix ROP gadget selection logic involving int and syscall instructions
#1152 Fix QEMU LD_PREFIX calculation (wrong parameter passed)
#1155 Use Ubuntu Trusty for all CI builds
#1131 Add "libc-" to libc prefixes in process tubes
#1125 Fix a typo
#1121 Fix tests which were broken by an upstream Sphinx change
#1104 Add DynELF.dump() for dumping remote ELF files
#1101 Set context.os via context.binary, useful for Android exploitation
5fdc08 Work around broken pidof on Android
63dfed Print warning when Corefile deletion fails instead of throwing an exception
#1094 Make hexdump output alignment more consistent
#1096 flat() and fit() are now the same function

3.12.0

#1083 Better error messages for gdb when LD_PRELOAD is incorrect
#1085 Add support for extracting Android BOOTLDR! images
#1075 Add support for detecting GNU Screen for run_in_new_terminal
#1074 Add support for running pwntools-gdb wrapper script instead of gdb
#1068 Work around very old OpenSSL versions which don't have sha256 support AND don't exit with an error code when trying to use it
#1067 Add pwnlib.tubes.server module, which adds a reusable server listener
#1063 Add support for labels in fit(), allowing dynamic contents to be injected. (This feature is really cool, check out the pull request!)

3.11.0

#1044 Enhancements to ROP
- Much better support for 64-bit Intel (amd64) ROP
- ROP gadget selection is optimized to favor multi-pops instead of multiple single-pop gadgets
- Added support for blacklisting byte values in ROP gadget addresses
#1049 Enhancements to cyclic
- context now has two additional attributes, cyclic_alphabet and cyclic_length, which correspond to the arguments alphabet and n to cyclic() and cyclic_find() and related routines.
- The motivation for this change is to allow setting the alphabet globally, so that any padding / patterns generated internally to pwntools can be controlled. The specific motivation is blacklisting values in ROP padding.
#1052 Enhancements for detecting QEMU_LD_PREFIX used by QEMU user-mode emulation for sysroots
#1035 Minor documentation changes
#1032 Enhancements to pwn template
#1031 More accurate Coredump.fault_addr on amd64
#1084 Fix broken tests due to ftp.debian.org going down

3.10.0

#1007 Add support for setting a gdbinit file in the context
#1055 Fixes for Corefile stack parsing, speed up ELF.string()
#1057 Fix a variable name typo in DynELF logging which results in an exception being thrown
#1058 Fix an edge case in ssh_process.exe

3.9.2

#1043 Do not attempt to populate the libraries used by statically-linked binaries

3.9.1

#1038 Fix an issue with process() where glibc would buffer data internally, causing a hang on select()
#1036 Fix Travis CI logging verbosity
#1029 Fix some unicode issues when using the readline command history in tube.interactive()

3.9.0

#1003 Make concat_all faster while also simplifying it's logic
#1014 Fix for overwritten env when parsing core file
#1023 Fixes to Travis CI

3.8.0

#981 Fixed RELRO detection logic
#986 Enhancements to DynELF for controlling usage of LibcDB
A few documentation fixes
A few fixes for the Docker image

3.7.1

#998 Fix a bug where integer values could not be set in .pwn.conf.

3.7.0

#933 DynELF works better with different base addresses
#952 A few small fixes were made to pwn template, and the CRC database was updated.
5c72d62c Updated the CRC database

3.6.1

#979+1a4a1e1 Fixed #974, a bug related to the terminal handling and numlock.
#980 Fixed the pwn template command.

3.6.0

#895 Added a Dockerfile to simplify testing setup and allow testing on OSX
#897 Fixed some incorrect AArch64 syscals
#893 Added the pwnlib.config module
- Configuration options can now be set in ~/.pwn.conf
- This replaces the old, undocumented mechanism for changing logging colors. Only @br0ns and @ebeip90 were likely using this.
- More information is available in the documentation here.
#899 Pwntools now uses Unicorn Engine to emulate PLT instructions to ensure correct mapping of PIE / RELRO binaries.
#904 Enhancements to the accuracy of the pwn checksec command.
#905 Added a pwn debug command-line utility which automates the process of gdb.attach(process(...)) to spawn GDB
- More information is available in the documentation here
#919 Added a pwn template command-line utility to simplify the process of bootstrapping a new exploit.
- More information is available in the documentation here.
#948 Fix unnecessary warning for Core files
#954 Fix list processing in ~/.pwn.conf
#967 Respect TERM_PROGRAM for run_in_new_terminal
#970 Fix overly-aggressive corefile caching

3.5.1

#945 Speed up ssh via caching checksec results (fixes #944)
#950 Fixes a bug where setting context.arch does not have an effect on adb.compile() output architecture

3.5.0

b584ca3 Fixed an issue running setup.py on ARM
#822 Enabled relative leaks with MemLeak
- This should be useful for e.g. heap-relative leaks
#832 Changed all internal imports to use absolute imports (no functional changes)
a12d0b6 Move STDOUT, PIPE, PTY constants to globals
- process(..., stdin=process.PTY) --> process(..., stdin=PTY)
#828 Use PR_SET_PTRACER for all process() and ssh.process() instances
- This simplifies debugging on systems with YAMA ptrace enabled
Various documentation enhancements
- In particular, the gdb, elf, and ssh docs are much better
#833 Performance enhancements for adb module
d0267f3 packing.fit() now treats large offsets as cyclic patterns (e.g. 0x61616161 behaves the same as "aaaa")
#835 Added ssh.checksec
- Reports the kernel version and other relevant information on connection
#857 Slightly shortened execve shellcode
300f8e0 Slightly speed up processing of large ELF files
#861 Adds support for extracting IKCONFIG configs from Linux kernel images, and extends checksec to report on any insecure configurations discovered
#871 Moves all of the basic syscall templates to shellcraft/common and exposes them via symlinks. Closed #685
- Should not have any visible effects from any documented APIs
- shellcraft.arch.os.syscall_function() still works the same
- We now have the ability to differentiate between the connect syscall, and a TCP connect helper
#887 sh_string now returns a quoted empty string '' rather than just an empty string
#839 Exposes a huge amount of functionality via corefiles which was not previously availble. See the docs for examples.
- process().corefile will automatically instantiate a Corefile for the process
- QEMU-emulated processes are supported
- Native processes are supported, including extraction of coredumps from apport crash logs
- Native processes can be dumped while running, in a manner similar to GDB's gcore script
#875 Added documentation (and tests) for AArch64 shellcode
#882 The ROP class now respects context.bytes instead of using the hard-coded value of 4 (fixed #879)
#869 Added several fields to the process class (uid, gid, suid, sgid) which are recorded at execution time, based on the file permissions
#868 Changed the way that ssh.process() works internally, and it now returns a more specialized class, ssh_process.
- Added ssh_process.corefile for fetching remote corefiles
- Added ssh_process.ELF for getting an ELF of the remote executable
- The uid, gid, and suid, and sgid which are recorded at execution time, based on the file permissions
#865 Fixes ELF.read to support contiguous memory reads across non-contiguous file-backed segments
#862 Adds a symlink= argument to ssh.set_working_directory, which will automatically symlink all of the files in the "old" working directory into the "new" working directory

3.4.1

#894 Fix a bug when using gdb.debug() over ssh.
e021f57 Fix a bug (#891) in rop when needing to insert padding to fix alignment

3.4.0

#800 Add shell= option to ssh.process()
#806 Add context.buffer_size for fine-tuning tube performance
- Also adds buffer_fill_size= argument for all tubes
b83a6c7 Fix undocumented process.leak function
546061e Modify coredump_filter of all spawned processes, so that core dumps are more complete
#809 Add several functions to adb (unlink, mkdir, makedirs, isdir, exists)
#817 Make disconnection detection more robust

3.3.4

#850 and #846 fix issues with hexdump and the phd command-line utility, when using pipes (e.g. echo foo | phd)
#852 Fixes register ordering in regsort
#853 Fixes the registers restored in shellcraft.amd64.popad

3.3.3

#843 fixed a bug in amd64.mov.

3.3.2

#840 fixed a regression introduced by #837.

3.3.1

#833 Fixed a performance-impacting bug in the adb module.
#837 Fixed a bug(#836) causing hexdump(cyclic=True) to throw an exception.

3.3.0

b198ec8 Added tube.stream() function, which is like tube.interact() without a prompt or keyboard input.
- Effectively, this is similar to cat file and just prints data as fast as it is received.
aec3fa6 Disable update checks against GitHub
- These checks frequently broke due to GitHub query limits
#757 Fixed adb.wait_for_device() re-use of the same connection
f9133b1 Add a STDERR magic argument to make logging go to stderr instead of stdout
- Usage is e.g. python foo.py STDERR or PWNLIB_STDERR=1 python foo.py
- Also adds context.log_console to log to any file or terminal
67e11a9 Add faster error checking to cyclic() when provided very large values
5fda658 Expose BitPolynom in globals()
#765 Added -d option for hex-escaped output for shellcraft command-line tool
#772 Fixed bash completion regressions
30c34b7 Fix ROP.call() with Function objects from ELF.functions
fa402ce Add adb.uptime and adb.boot_time
82312ba Add cyclic_metasploit and cyclic_metasploit_find

3.2.1

Multiple bug fixes.

#783 Fix adb.uninstall typo
#787 Added error handling for ssh.process argument preexec_fn
#793 Fixed progress message in remote() when connections failed
#802 Fixed partition listing in adb.partitions, which accidentally shelled out to the adb binary
#804 Fix error message for 32-bit distributions
#805 Fix exception in Core.segments when a segment has no name
#811 Fixes and performance improvements for adb.wait_for_device()
#813 Fixed a release script
#814 Fixed exceptions thrown if the $HOME directory is not writable
#815 Properly handle None in MemLeak

3.2.0

#695 Fixed a performance regression in phd.
452605e Fixed #629 related to correct removal of temporary files.
ea94ee4 Disallows semi-colons in for the run_in_terminal function, since it did not work properly in all cases.
6376d07 Added the mips shellcode pushstr_array.
#700 Added missing MIPS shellcode documentation to readthedocs, and enabled unit tests
#701 Command line tools refactored to have a common pwn entry point.
- Added an option to not install the traditional asm, disasm, checksec, etc scripts
- All existing tools can be accessed from the pwn command (e.g. pwn asm nop).
#704 The process object has a new, optional argument alarm for setting a SIGALRM timeout for processes.
#705 Added the Android Emulator to the test suite and Travis CI.
- Android Emulator is now required for the full test suite
- Android Emulator tests are skipped if no Android-related changes are detected
#711 DynELF has a new attribute, heap, which leaks the current brk address (heap base). This is useful for finding heap allocations with dlmalloc-derived allocators like those used by Glibc.
#717 sh_string was rewritten to emit more compact and compatible strings
- This was achieved by embedding single-quoted non-printable literals
- Much more testing was added
- Emitted strings are no longer copy-paste compatible, but work fine with e.g. tubes module and the default subprocess module
#709 The adb module now directly talks to the adb server process via a new module, adb.protocol
- Removes the need to shell out to adb
- Avoids version-compatibility issues with adb server vs. client
#703 Added new methods to adb
- install - Installs an APK
- uninstall - Uninstalls a package
- packages - Lists installed packages
4893819 Modified shellcraft.sh on all platforms to provide argv[0] and set argc==1
- This is needed for systems which have Busybox or other minimal shell for /bin/sh which does not behave well with argc==0 or argv[0]==NULL.
1e414af Added connect() alias for remote()
- For example, io=connect('google.com', 80)
- This also works with tcp(...) and udp(...) aliases
869ec42 Added ssh.read() and ssh.write() aliases
2af55c9 AdbDevice objects exposed via e.g. adb.devices() now offer scoped access to all adb module properties
- It is now possible to e.g. map(lambda d: d.process(['id']).recvall(), adb.devices())

3.1.1

Fixed a bug in MemLeak.struct (PR: #768).

3.1.0

A number of smaller bugfixes and documentation tweaks.

3.0.4

Fixed a bug that made 3.0.3 uninstallable (Issue: #751, PR: #752)

3.0.3

Fixed some performance and usability problems with the update system (Issues: #723, #724, #736. PRs: #729, #738, #747).
Fixed a bug related to internals in pyelftools (PRs: #730, #746).
Fixed an issue with travis (Issue: #741, PRs: #743, #744, #745).

3.0.2

Cherry-pick #695, as this was a regression-fix.
Added a fix for the update checker, as it would suggest prereleases as updates to stable releases.
Various documentation fixes.

3.0.1

A small bugfix release. There were a lot of references to the master-branch, however after 3.0.0 we use the names stable, beta and dev for our branches.

3.0.0

This was a large release (1305 commits since 2.2.0) with a lot of bugfixes and changes. The Binjitsu project, a fork of Pwntools, was merged back into Pwntools. As such, its features are now available here.

As always, the best source of information on specific features is the comprehensive docs at https://pwntools.readthedocs.org.

This list of changes is non-complete, but covers all of the significant changes which were appropriately documented.

Android

Android support via a new adb module, context.device, context.adb_host, and context.adb_port.

Assembly and Shellcode

Assembly module enhancements for making ELF modules from assembly or pre-assembled shellcode. See asm.make_elf and asm.make_elf_from_assembly.
asm and shellcraft command-line tools support flags for the new shellcode encoders
asm and shellcraft command-line tools support --debug flag for automatically launching GDB on the result
Added MIPS, PowerPC, and AArch64 support to the shellcraft module
Added Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) support to the shellcraft module
Added syscall wrappers for every Linux syscall for all supported architectures to the shellcraft module
- e.g. shellcraft.<arch>.gettimeofday
(e.g. shellcraft.i386.linux.)
Added in-memory ELF loaders for most supported architectures
- Only supports statically-linked binaries
- shellcraft.<arch>.linux.loader

Context Module

Added context.aslr which controls ASLR on launched processes. This works with both process() and ssh.process(), and can be specified per-process with the aslr= keyword argument.
Added context.binary which automatically sets all context variables from an ELF file.
Added context.device, context.adb, context.adb_port, and context.adb_host for connecting to Android devices.
Added context.kernel setting for SigReturn-Oriented-Programming (SROP).
Added context.log_file setting for sending logs to a file. This can be set with the LOG_FILE magic command-line option.
Added context.noptrace setting for disabling actions which require ptrace support. This is useful for turning all gdb.debug and gdb.attach options into no-ops, and can be set via the NOPTRACE magic command-line option.
Added context.proxy which hooks all connections and sends them to a SOCKS4/SOCKS5. This can be set via the PROXY magic command-line option.
Added context.randomize to control randomization of settings like XOR keys and register ordering (default off).
Added context.terminal for setting how to launch commands in a new terminal.

DynELF and MemLeak Module

Added a DynELF().libc property which attempt to find the remote libc and download the ELF from LibcDB.
Added a DynELF().stack property which leaks the __environ pointer from libc, making it easy to leak stack addresses.
Added MemLeak.String and MemLeak.NoNewlines and other related helpers for handling special leakers which cannot e.g. handle newlines in the leaked addresses and which leak a C string (e.g. auto-append a '\x00').
Enhancements for leaking speed via MemLeak.compare to avoid leaking an entire field if we can tell from a partial leak that it does not match what we are searching for.

Encoders Module

Added a pwnlib.encoders module for assembled-shellcode encoders/decoders
Includes position-independent basic XOR encoders
Includes position-independent delta encoders
Includes non-position-independent alphanumeric encoders for Intel
Includes position-independent alphanumeric encoders for ARM/Thumb

ELF Module

Added a Core object which can parse core-files, in order to extract / search for memory contents, and extract register states (e.g. Core('./corefile').eax).

Format Strings

Added a basic fmtstr module for assisting with Format String exploitation

GDB Module

Added support for debugging Android devices when context.os=='android'
Added helpers for debugging shellcode snippets with gdb.debug_assembly() and gdb.debug_shellcode()

ROP Module

Added support for SigReturn via pwnlib.rop.srop
- Occurs automatically when syscalls are invoked and a function cannot be found
- SigReturn frames can be constructed manually with SigreturnFrame() objects
Added functional doctests for ROP and SROP

Tubes Process Module

process() has many new options, check out the documentation
- aslr controls ASLR
- setuid can disable the effect of setuid, allowing core dumps (useful for extracting crash state via the new Core() object)
- TTY echo and control characters can be enabled via raw argument
stdout and stderr are now PTYs by default
- stdin can be set to a PTY also via setting stdin=process.PTY

Tubes SSH Module

Massive enhancements all over
ssh objects now have a ssh.process() method which avoids the need to handle shell expansion via the old ssh.run() method
Files are downloaded via SFTP if available
New download and upload methods auto-detect whether the target is a file or directory and acts accordingly
Added listen() method alias for listen_remote()
Added remote() method alias for connect_remote()

Utilities

Added fit() method to combine the functionality of flat() with the functionality of cyclic()
Added negative() method to negate the value of an integer via two's complement, with respect to the current integer size (context.bytes).
Added xor_key() method to generate an XOR key which avoids undesirable bytes over a given input.
Added a multi-threaded bruteforce() implementation, mbruteforce().
Added dealarm_shell() helper to remove the effects of alarm() after you've popped a shell.

2.2.0

This was a large release with a lot of bugfixes and changes. Only the most significant are mentioned here.

Added shellcodes
Added phd
Re-added our expansion of itertools
Added replacements for some semi-broken python standard library modules
Re-implemented the rop module
Added a serial tube
Huge performance gains in the buffering for tubes
Re-added user agents
Begun using Travis CI with lots of test
Removed bundled binutils in favor of documenting how to build them yourselves
Added support for port forwarding though our SSH module
Added dependency for capstone and ropgadget
Added a lots of shellcodes
Stuff we forgot
Lots of documentation fixes
Lots of bugfixes

Files

CHANGELOG.md

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