utf8.c

/*
  Basic UTF-8 manipulation routines
  by Jeff Bezanson
  placed in the public domain Fall 2005

  This code is designed to provide the utilities you need to manipulate
  UTF-8 as an internal string encoding. These functions do not perform the
  error checking normally needed when handling UTF-8 data, so if you happen
  to be from the Unicode Consortium you will want to flay me alive.
  I do this because error checking can be performed at the boundaries (I/O),
  with these routines reserved for higher performance on data known to be
  valid.
*/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint32_t u_int32_t;
#define snprintf _snprintf
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#else
#include <alloca.h>
#endif

#include "utf8.h"

static const u_int32_t offsetsFromUTF8[6] = {
    0x00000000UL, 0x00003080UL, 0x000E2080UL,
    0x03C82080UL, 0xFA082080UL, 0x82082080UL
};

static const char trailingBytesForUTF8[256] = {
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5
};

/* returns length of next utf-8 sequence */
int u8_seqlen(const char *s)
{
    return trailingBytesForUTF8[(unsigned int)(unsigned char)s[0]] + 1;
}

/* conversions without error checking
   only works for valid UTF-8, i.e. no 5- or 6-byte sequences
   srcsz = source size in bytes, or -1 if 0-terminated
   sz = dest size in # of wide characters

   returns # characters converted
   dest will always be L'\0'-terminated, even if there isn't enough room
   for all the characters.
   if sz = srcsz+1 (i.e. 4*srcsz+4 bytes), there will always be enough space.
*/
int u8_toucs(wchar_t *dest, int sz, const char *src, int srcsz)
{
    u_int32_t ch;
    const char *src_end = src + srcsz;
    int nb;
    int i=0;

    while (i < sz-1) {
        nb = trailingBytesForUTF8[(unsigned char)*src];
        if (srcsz == -1) {
            if (*src == 0)
                goto done_toucs;
        }
        else {
            if (src + nb >= src_end)
                goto done_toucs;
        }
        ch = 0;
        switch (nb) {
            /* these fall through deliberately */
        case 3: ch += (unsigned char)*src++; ch <<= 6;
        case 2: ch += (unsigned char)*src++; ch <<= 6;
        case 1: ch += (unsigned char)*src++; ch <<= 6;
        case 0: ch += (unsigned char)*src++;
        }
        ch -= offsetsFromUTF8[nb];
        dest[i++] = (wchar_t)ch;
    }
 done_toucs:
    dest[i] = 0;
    return i;
}

/* return the min size that can store the wide character, not include '\0'-terminated. mean: return_value = wcslen() * sizeof(wchar_t) */
int u8_wc_size(const char *src, int srcsz)
{
    const char *src_end = src + srcsz;
    int nb;
    int i=0;

    while (1) {
        nb = trailingBytesForUTF8[(unsigned char)*src];
        if (srcsz == -1) {
            if (*src == 0)
                goto done_toucs;
        }
        else {
            if (src + nb >= src_end)
                goto done_toucs;
        }
        switch (nb) {
            /* these fall through deliberately */
        case 3: src++;
        case 2: src++;
        case 1: src++;
        case 0: src++;
        }
        i++;
    }
 done_toucs:
    return sizeof(wchar_t) * i;
}

/* srcsz = number of source characters, or -1 if 0-terminated
   sz = size of dest buffer in bytes

   returns # characters converted
   dest will only be '\0'-terminated if there is enough space. this is
   for consistency; imagine there are 2 bytes of space left, but the next
   character requires 3 bytes. in this case we could NUL-terminate, but in
   general we can't when there's insufficient space. therefore this function
   only NUL-terminates if all the characters fit, and there's space for
   the NUL as well.
   the destination string will never be bigger than the source string.
*/
int u8_toutf8(char *dest, int sz, const wchar_t *src, int srcsz)
{
    u_int32_t ch;
    int i = 0;
    char *dest_end = dest + sz;

    while (srcsz<0 ? src[i]!=0 : i < srcsz) {
        ch = (u_int32_t)src[i];
        if (ch < 0x80) {
            if (dest >= dest_end)
                return i;
            *dest++ = (char)ch;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x800) {
            if (dest >= dest_end-1)
                return i;
            *dest++ = (ch>>6) | 0xC0;
            *dest++ = (ch & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x10000) {
            if (dest >= dest_end-2)
                return i;
            *dest++ = (ch>>12) | 0xE0;
            *dest++ = ((ch>>6) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
            *dest++ = (ch & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x110000) {
            if (dest >= dest_end-3)
                return i;
            *dest++ = (ch>>18) | 0xF0;
            *dest++ = ((ch>>12) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
            *dest++ = ((ch>>6) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
            *dest++ = (ch & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        }
        i++;
    }
    if (dest < dest_end)
        *dest = '\0';
    return i;
}

/* return the min size that can store the UTF-8 codes, not include '\0'-terminated. mean: return_value = strlen(UTF-8 codes) */
int u8_size(const wchar_t *src, int srcsz)
{
	u_int32_t ch;
    int i = 0;
	int sz = 0;

    while (srcsz<0 ? src[i]!=0 : i < srcsz) {
        ch = (u_int32_t)src[i];
        if (ch < 0x80) {
            sz++;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x800) {
            sz += 2;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x10000) {
            sz += 3;
        }
        else if (ch < 0x110000) {
            sz += 4;
        }
        i++;
    }
    return sz;
}

int u8_wc_toutf8(char *dest, wchar_t ch)
{
    u_int32_t ich = (u_int32_t)ch;
    if (ich < 0x80) {
        dest[0] = (char)ch;
        return 1;
    }
    if (ich < 0x800) {
        dest[0] = (ich>>6) | 0xC0;
        dest[1] = (ich & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        return 2;
    }
    if (ich < 0x10000) {
        dest[0] = (ich>>12) | 0xE0;
        dest[1] = ((ich>>6) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        dest[2] = (ich & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        return 3;
    }
    if (ich < 0x110000) {
        dest[0] = (ich>>18) | 0xF0;
        dest[1] = ((ich>>12) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        dest[2] = ((ich>>6) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        dest[3] = (ich & 0x3F) | 0x80;
        return 4;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* charnum => byte offset */
int u8_offset(const char *str, int charnum)
{
    int offs=0;

    while (charnum > 0 && str[offs]) {
        (void)(isutf(str[++offs]) || isutf(str[++offs]) ||
               isutf(str[++offs]) || ++offs);
        charnum--;
    }
    return offs;
}

/* byte offset => charnum */
int u8_charnum(const char *s, int offset)
{
    int charnum = 0, offs=0;

    while (offs < offset && s[offs]) {
        (void)(isutf(s[++offs]) || isutf(s[++offs]) ||
               isutf(s[++offs]) || ++offs);
        charnum++;
    }
    return charnum;
}

/* number of characters */
int u8_strlen(const char *s)
{
    int count = 0;
    int i = 0;

    while (u8_nextchar(s, &i) != 0)
        count++;

    return count;
}

/* reads the next utf-8 sequence out of a string, updating an index */
wchar_t u8_nextchar(const char *s, int *i)
{
    u_int32_t ch = 0;
    int sz = 0;

    do {
        ch <<= 6;
        ch += (unsigned char)s[(*i)++];
        sz++;
    } while (s[*i] && !isutf(s[*i]));
    ch -= offsetsFromUTF8[sz-1];

    return (wchar_t)ch;
}

void u8_inc(const char *s, int *i)
{
    (void)(isutf(s[++(*i)]) || isutf(s[++(*i)]) ||
           isutf(s[++(*i)]) || ++(*i));
}

void u8_dec(const char *s, int *i)
{
    (void)(isutf(s[--(*i)]) || isutf(s[--(*i)]) ||
           isutf(s[--(*i)]) || --(*i));
}

int octal_digit(char c)
{
    return (c >= '0' && c <= '7');
}

int hex_digit(char c)
{
    return ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
            (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ||
            (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f'));
}

/* assumes that src points to the character after a backslash
   returns number of input characters processed */
int u8_read_escape_sequence(const char *str, wchar_t *dest)
{
    u_int32_t ch;
    char digs[9]="\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
    int dno=0, i=1;

    ch = (u_int32_t)str[0];    /* take literal character */
    if (str[0] == 'n')
        ch = L'\n';
    else if (str[0] == 't')
        ch = L'\t';
    else if (str[0] == 'r')
        ch = L'\r';
    else if (str[0] == 'b')
        ch = L'\b';
    else if (str[0] == 'f')
        ch = L'\f';
    else if (str[0] == 'v')
        ch = L'\v';
    else if (str[0] == 'a')
        ch = L'\a';
    else if (octal_digit(str[0])) {
        i = 0;
        do {
            digs[dno++] = str[i++];
        } while (octal_digit(str[i]) && dno < 3);
        ch = strtol(digs, NULL, 8);
    }
    else if (str[0] == 'x') {
        while (hex_digit(str[i]) && dno < 2) {
            digs[dno++] = str[i++];
        }
        if (dno > 0)
            ch = strtol(digs, NULL, 16);
    }
    else if (str[0] == 'u') {
        while (hex_digit(str[i]) && dno < 4) {
            digs[dno++] = str[i++];
        }
        if (dno > 0)
            ch = strtol(digs, NULL, 16);
    }
    else if (str[0] == 'U') {
        while (hex_digit(str[i]) && dno < 8) {
            digs[dno++] = str[i++];
        }
        if (dno > 0)
            ch = strtol(digs, NULL, 16);
    }
    *dest = (wchar_t)ch;

    return i;
}

/* convert a string with literal \uxxxx or \Uxxxxxxxx characters to UTF-8
   example: u8_unescape(mybuf, 256, "hello\\u220e")
   note the double backslash is needed if called on a C string literal */
int u8_unescape(char *buf, int sz, const char *src)
{
    int c=0, amt;
	wchar_t wc;
    u_int32_t ch;
    char temp[4];

    while (*src && c < sz) {
        if (*src == '\\') {
            src++;
            amt = u8_read_escape_sequence(src, &wc);
            ch = (u_int32_t)wc;
        }
        else {
            ch = (u_int32_t)*src;
            amt = 1;
        }
        src += amt;
        amt = u8_wc_toutf8(temp, ch);
        if (amt > sz-c)
            break;
        memcpy(&buf[c], temp, amt);
        c += amt;
    }
    if (c < sz)
        buf[c] = '\0';
    return c;
}

int u8_escape_wchar(char *buf, int sz, wchar_t ch)
{
    u_int32_t ich = (u_int32_t)ch;
    if (ich == L'\n')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\n");
    else if (ich == L'\t')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\t");
    else if (ich == L'\r')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\r");
    else if (ich == L'\b')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\b");
    else if (ich == L'\f')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\f");
    else if (ich == L'\v')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\v");
    else if (ich == L'\a')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\a");
    else if (ich == L'\\')
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\\\");
    else if (ich < 32 || ich == 0x7f)
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\x%hhX", (unsigned char)ich);
    else if (ich > 0xFFFF)
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\U%.8X", (u_int32_t)ich);
    else if (ich >= 0x80 && ich <= 0xFFFF)
        return snprintf(buf, sz, "\\u%.4hX", (unsigned short)ich);

    return snprintf(buf, sz, "%c", (char)ich);
}

int u8_escape(char *buf, int sz, const char *src, int escape_quotes)
{
    int c=0, i=0, amt;

    while (src[i] && c < sz) {
        if (escape_quotes && src[i] == '"') {
            amt = snprintf(buf, sz - c, "\\\"");
            i++;
        }
        else {
            amt = u8_escape_wchar(buf, sz - c, u8_nextchar(src, &i));
        }
        c += amt;
        buf += amt;
    }
    if (c < sz)
        *buf = '\0';
    return c;
}

char *u8_strchr(const char *s, wchar_t ch, int *charn)
{
    int i = 0, lasti=0;
    u_int32_t c;

    *charn = 0;
    while (s[i]) {
        c = u8_nextchar(s, &i);
        if (c == (u_int32_t)ch) {
            return (char *)&s[lasti];
        }
        lasti = i;
        (*charn)++;
    }
    return NULL;
}

char *u8_memchr(const char *s, wchar_t ch, int sz, int *charn)
{
    int i = 0, lasti=0;
    u_int32_t c;
    int csz;

    *charn = 0;
    while (i < sz) {
        c = csz = 0;
        do {
            c <<= 6;
            c += (unsigned char)s[i++];
            csz++;
        } while (i < sz && !isutf(s[i]));
        c -= offsetsFromUTF8[csz-1];

        if (c == (u_int32_t)ch) {
            return (char *)&s[lasti];
        }
        lasti = i;
        (*charn)++;
    }
    return NULL;
}

int u8_is_locale_utf8(const char *locale)
{
    /* this code based on libutf8 */
    const char* cp = locale;

    for (; *cp != '\0' && *cp != '@' && *cp != '+' && *cp != ','; cp++) {
        if (*cp == '.') {
            const char* encoding = ++cp;
            for (; *cp != '\0' && *cp != '@' && *cp != '+' && *cp != ','; cp++)
                ;
            if ((cp-encoding == 5 && !strncmp(encoding, "UTF-8", 5))
                || (cp-encoding == 4 && !strncmp(encoding, "utf8", 4)))
                return 1; /* it's UTF-8 */
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int u8_vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
    int cnt, sz=0;
    char *buf;
    wchar_t *wcs;
	va_list ap_try;

    sz = 512;
    buf = (char*)malloc(sz);
 try_print:
	va_copy(ap_try, ap);
	cnt = vsnprintf(buf, sz - 1, fmt, ap_try);
	va_end(ap_try);
	if (cnt > sz) {
        sz *= 2;
		buf = (char*)realloc(buf, sz);
        goto try_print;
    }
	if (cnt < 0) return cnt;
	buf[cnt] = '\0';
	wcs = (wchar_t*)malloc((cnt + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
    cnt = u8_toucs(wcs, cnt+1, buf, cnt);
	wcs[cnt] = '\0';
	wprintf(L"%ls", (wchar_t*)wcs);
	free(buf);
	free(wcs);
	return cnt;
}

int u8_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    int cnt;
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, fmt);

    cnt = u8_vprintf(fmt, args);

    va_end(args);
    return cnt;
}