diff --git a/seekpath/brillouinzone/brillouinzone.py b/seekpath/brillouinzone/brillouinzone.py index d053598..be23787 100644 --- a/seekpath/brillouinzone/brillouinzone.py +++ b/seekpath/brillouinzone/brillouinzone.py @@ -1,254 +1,345 @@ """Module to compute the Brillouin zone of a crystal.""" from collections import defaultdict +import warnings +from typing import Union, List, Dict import numpy as np from scipy.spatial import Voronoi, ConvexHull, Delaunay -def get_missing_point(tr, p1, p2): - """ - tr is a list of 3 indices (the indices of the vertices of a given triangle). - p1 and p2 must be in the tr list, the third index is returned. - - ValueError is raised if more than one entry is not among p1 and p2, - or if all points are among p1 and p2 (e.g. a point repeated twice) - """ - missing = None - for vertex in tr: - if vertex not in (p1, p2): - if missing is not None: - raise ValueError("Two missing points found...") - missing = vertex - - if missing is None: - raise ValueError("No missing points!") - - return missing - - -def are_coplanar(v1, v2, v3): - """ - v1, v2, v3: 3D vectors. - Return True if they are coplanar, False otherwise - """ - return float(abs(np.dot(np.cross(v1, v2), v3))) < 1.0e-6 +def get_BZ( + b1: Union[list, np.array], + b2: Union[list, np.array], + b3: Union[list, np.array] + ) -> dict: + """ Get the faces of the BZ given the three vectors b1,b2,b3. + Args: + b1 (Union[list, np.array]): First vector of the reciprocal lattice. + b2 (Union[list, np.array]): Second vector of the reciprocal lattice. + b3 (Union[list, np.array]): Third vector of the reciprocal lattice. -def get_BZ(b1, b2, b3): - """ - Get the faces of the BZ given the three vectors b1,b2,b3. - Return both triangular faces (oriented) and flat faces (if your - plotting library prefers these - these are not oriented for the - time being) + Returns: + dict: Both triangular faces (oriented) and flat faces (if your + plotting library prefers these - these are not oriented for the + time being) """ - ret_data = {} - - supercell_size = 3 # Is this enough? - - # G-vectors - points3d = [] - central_idx = None - for i in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): - for j in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): - for k in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): - if i == 0 and j == 0 and k == 0: - central_idx = len(points3d) - points3d.append(i * np.array(b1) + j * np.array(b2) + k * np.array(b3)) - - # Get Voronois - vor3d = Voronoi(np.array(points3d)) - # Get the vertices of the central" Voronoi( around the origin G=0) - central_voronoi_3d = np.array( - [vor3d.vertices[idx] for idx in vor3d.regions[vor3d.point_region[central_idx]]] - ) - - # Get the convex hull of these points (all triangular faces) - hull = ConvexHull(central_voronoi_3d) - - ## REORIENT TRIANGLES - ## NOTE! TODO: I should do the same for faces - ret_data["triangles_vertices"] = hull.points.tolist() - ## Naive one - # ret_data['triangles'] = hull.simplices.tolist() - ## Instead, I orient them all - ret_data["triangles"] = [] - for simplex in hull.simplices: - points = np.array([hull.points[i] for i in simplex]) - center = points.sum(axis=0) / float(len(points)) - - # Get normal vector (with direction!) - normal = np.cross(center - points[1], center - points[0]) - # Normalize, then rescale to a small value - normal = normal / np.linalg.norm(normal) - max_length = np.sqrt((points**2).sum(axis=1).max()) - normal /= max_length - normal *= 1.0e-4 - point_up = center + normal - point_down = center - normal - delaunay = Delaunay(hull.points) - is_up_inside = delaunay.find_simplex(point_up) >= 0 - is_down_inside = delaunay.find_simplex(point_down) >= 0 - - if is_up_inside and not is_down_inside: - correct_orientation = True - elif not is_up_inside and is_down_inside: - correct_orientation = False - else: - inside_outside_string = "inside" if is_up_inside else "outside" - print( - "WARNING! Both vectors are {}..." - " not changing orientation".format(inside_outside_string) - ) - correct_orientation = True - - if correct_orientation: - ret_data["triangles"].append(simplex.tolist()) - else: - ret_data["triangles"].append(simplex[::-1].tolist()) - - # print hull.area, hull.volume - - # Get edge-sharing faces - # edges has as key a tuple (sorted) with the indices of the two vertices of - # the shared edge; the value are the indices of the triangles - edges = defaultdict(list) - for simplex_idx, simplex in enumerate(hull.simplices): - edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[0], simplex[1]]))].append(simplex_idx) - edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[1], simplex[2]]))].append(simplex_idx) - edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[2], simplex[0]]))].append(simplex_idx) - # convert to dictionary of lists (from defaultdict of sets) - edges = dict(edges) - - ### Create now the list of faces, merging the triangles that share an - ### edge and are coplanar. Note: this works only if up to two triangles - ### must be merged; if three or more, this will not produce the expected - ### result - # print edges - - # Store merge operations to perform - merge_with = defaultdict(set) - - # List of found simplices that have been merged; will be used at the - # end to add the triangles that have not been merged, if any - merged_simplices = [] - for (p1, p2), triangles in edges.items(): - # I do it many times, but it's the easiest way (and anyway it's - # a set, so it should be fast: I add a point to be merged with - # itself - merge_with[triangles[0]].add(triangles[0]) - merge_with[triangles[1]].add(triangles[1]) - - if len(triangles) != 2: - # An edge shared by less (or more) than 2 triangles? - print("Warning!", p1, p2, triangles) - continue - else: - # Check if two triangles are coplanar: get the other two - # vertices that are not on the shared edge - otherpoint0 = get_missing_point(hull.simplices[triangles[0]], p1, p2) - otherpoint1 = get_missing_point(hull.simplices[triangles[1]], p1, p2) - # The actual vector coordinates - otherpoint0_p = hull.points[otherpoint0] - otherpoint1_p = hull.points[otherpoint1] - p1_p = hull.points[p1] - p2_p = hull.points[p2] - - # Check if they are coplanar - if are_coplanar(p2_p - p1_p, otherpoint0_p - p1_p, otherpoint1_p - p1_p): - merge_with[triangles[0]].add(triangles[1]) - merge_with[triangles[1]].add(triangles[0]) - - # PROBLEM TO SOLVE: we have to put together all groups - ## E.g. we have now: - # 0: [0, 3] - # 1: [1, 2, 3] - # 2: [1, 2] - # 3: [0, 1, 3] - ## We should get instead for all [0,1,2,3] - # So we have to do a pass to merge them all - # The algorithm below is probably wrong (actually, it is only - # probably inefficient) - - # for k, v in merge_with.items(): - # print "{}: {}".format(k, list(v)) - - # Iterate untile convergence - not sure this is correct - has_changed = True - while has_changed: - has_changed = False - # Add the missing ones - for tr in range(len(hull.simplices)): - for other1 in merge_with[tr]: - for other2 in merge_with[tr]: - if other1 not in merge_with[other2]: - has_changed = True - merge_with[other2].add(other1) - if other2 not in merge_with[other1]: - has_changed = True - merge_with[other1].add(other2) - - # convert to dict, and most importantly convert to list and sort - merge_with = {k: sorted(v) for k, v in merge_with.items()} - - # Assign to the smallest integer idx - merge_group = {k: v[0] for k, v in merge_with.items()} - - groups = defaultdict(list) - # I create a reverse index - for k, v in merge_group.items(): - groups[v].append(k) - - # List of faces (elements are lists of vertex ids) - faces = [] - - for group in groups.values(): - if len(group) == 1: - faces.append( - [hull.points[point_idx] for point_idx in hull.simplices[group[0]]] - ) - else: - # Get all points - all_points_idx = sorted( - set(np.concatenate([hull.simplices[g] for g in group])) - ) - - all_points_coords = [hull.points[point_idx] for point_idx in all_points_idx] - # Find projection in 2D: I first choose a first vector (between - # two points v1; I find the orthogonal vector to the plane b; - # I find a second vector v2 orthogonal to v1 and on the plane - # (<=> orthogonal to v1 and b); I normalize v1 and v2; - # I get the components of the vectors w.r.t. v1 and v2 - # NOTE: there is at least 1 triangle => at least 3 points - v1 = all_points_coords[1] - all_points_coords[0] - temp_v2 = all_points_coords[2] - all_points_coords[0] - b = np.cross(v1, temp_v2) - v2 = np.cross(v1, b) - # Normalize - v1 = v1 / np.linalg.norm(v1) - v2 = v2 / np.linalg.norm(v2) - # get components - x = [np.dot(point, v1) for point in all_points_coords] - y = [np.dot(point, v2) for point in all_points_coords] - # 2. do convexhull in 2D - hull_face2d = ConvexHull(np.array([x, y]).T) - # 3. get point indices of convex hull, convert back to original - # 3D indices - # 2dhull.vertices contains the segments, but with ids in the - # smaller subset. We want the indices in the initial set: - actual_points_idx = [ - all_points_idx[subset_idx] for subset_idx in hull_face2d.vertices - ] - # 4. add to faces list - faces.append( - [hull.points[point_idx].tolist() for point_idx in actual_points_idx] - ) - - ret_data["faces"] = faces - return ret_data + warnings.warn( + "`get_BZ` is deprecated, use the `BZ` class instead, to represent a brillouine zone. " + "The faces and triangles can be accesses as attributes.", + UserWarning + ) + + bz = BZ(b1, b2, b3) + + faces_data = { + 'triangles_vertices': bz.triangles_vertices, + 'triangles': bz.triangles, + 'faces': bz.faces + } + + return faces_data + + +class BZ: + """Class to compute the Brillouin zone of a crystal.""" + + def __init__(self, b1: Union[list, np.array], b2: Union[list, np.array], b3: Union[list, np.array]) -> None: + """Initialize the Brillouin zone.""" + self._b_vectors = (b1, b2, b3) + self._initialize_BZ(b1, b2, b3) + + @property + def b_vectors(self) -> tuple: + """Return the reciprocal lattice vectors.""" + return self._b_vectors + + @property + def hull(self) -> ConvexHull: + """Return the convex hull of the Brillouin zone.""" + return self._hull + + @property + def delaunay(self) -> Delaunay: + """Return the Delaunay triangulation of the Brillouin zone.""" + return self._delaunay + + @property + def triangles_vertices(self) -> Union[list, np.array]: + """Return the vertices of the triangles of the Brillouin zone.""" + return self._triangles_vertices + + @property + def triangles(self) -> Union[list, np.array]: + """Return the triangles of the Brillouin zone.""" + return self._triangles + + @property + def faces(self) -> Union[list, np.array]: + """Return the faces of the Brillouin zone.""" + return self._faces + + def _get_missing_point(self, tr: Union[list, np.array], p1: int, p2: int) -> int: + """ + tr is a list of 3 indices (the indices of the vertices of a given triangle). + p1 and p2 must be in the tr list, the third index is returned. + + ValueError is raised if more than one entry is not among p1 and p2, + or if all points are among p1 and p2 (e.g. a point repeated twice) + """ + missing = None + for vertex in tr: + if vertex not in (p1, p2): + if missing is not None: + raise ValueError("Two missing points found...") + missing = vertex + + if missing is None: + raise ValueError("No missing points!") + + return missing + + def _are_coplanar(self, v1: Union[list, np.array], v2: Union[list, np.array], v3: Union[list, np.array]) -> bool: + """ + v1, v2, v3: 3D vectors. + Return True if they are coplanar, False otherwise + """ + return float(abs(np.dot(np.cross(v1, v2), v3))) < 1.0e-6 + + + def _initialize_BZ(self, b1: Union[list, np.array], b2: Union[list, np.array], b3: Union[list, np.array]) -> None: + """ + Get the faces of the BZ given the three vectors b1,b2,b3. + Return both triangular faces (oriented) and flat faces (if your + plotting library prefers these - these are not oriented for the + time being) + """ + ret_data = {} + + supercell_size = 3 # Is this enough? + + # G-vectors + points3d = [] + central_idx = None + for i in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): + for j in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): + for k in range(-supercell_size, supercell_size + 1): + if i == 0 and j == 0 and k == 0: + central_idx = len(points3d) + points3d.append(i * np.array(b1) + j * np.array(b2) + k * np.array(b3)) + + # Get Voronois + vor3d = Voronoi(np.array(points3d)) + # Get the vertices of the central" Voronoi( around the origin G=0) + central_voronoi_3d = np.array( + [vor3d.vertices[idx] for idx in vor3d.regions[vor3d.point_region[central_idx]]] + ) + # Get the convex hull of these points (all triangular faces) + hull = ConvexHull(central_voronoi_3d) + + ## REORIENT TRIANGLES + ## NOTE! TODO: I should do the same for faces + ret_data["triangles_vertices"] = hull.points.tolist() + ## Naive one + # ret_data['triangles'] = hull.simplices.tolist() + ## Instead, I orient them all + ret_data["triangles"] = [] + for simplex in hull.simplices: + points = np.array([hull.points[i] for i in simplex]) + center = points.sum(axis=0) / float(len(points)) + + # Get normal vector (with direction!) + normal = np.cross(center - points[1], center - points[0]) + # Normalize, then rescale to a small value + normal = normal / np.linalg.norm(normal) + max_length = np.sqrt((points**2).sum(axis=1).max()) + normal /= max_length + normal *= 1.0e-4 + point_up = center + normal + point_down = center - normal + delaunay = Delaunay(hull.points) + is_up_inside = delaunay.find_simplex(point_up) >= 0 + is_down_inside = delaunay.find_simplex(point_down) >= 0 + + if is_up_inside and not is_down_inside: + correct_orientation = True + elif not is_up_inside and is_down_inside: + correct_orientation = False + else: + inside_outside_string = "inside" if is_up_inside else "outside" + print( + "WARNING! Both vectors are {}..." + " not changing orientation".format(inside_outside_string) + ) + correct_orientation = True + + if correct_orientation: + ret_data["triangles"].append(simplex.tolist()) + else: + ret_data["triangles"].append(simplex[::-1].tolist()) + + # print hull.area, hull.volume + + # Get edge-sharing faces + # edges has as key a tuple (sorted) with the indices of the two vertices of + # the shared edge; the value are the indices of the triangles + edges = defaultdict(list) + for simplex_idx, simplex in enumerate(hull.simplices): + edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[0], simplex[1]]))].append(simplex_idx) + edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[1], simplex[2]]))].append(simplex_idx) + edges[tuple(sorted([simplex[2], simplex[0]]))].append(simplex_idx) + # convert to dictionary of lists (from defaultdict of sets) + edges = dict(edges) + + ### Create now the list of faces, merging the triangles that share an + ### edge and are coplanar. Note: this works only if up to two triangles + ### must be merged; if three or more, this will not produce the expected + ### result + # print edges + + # Store merge operations to perform + merge_with = defaultdict(set) + + # List of found simplices that have been merged; will be used at the + # end to add the triangles that have not been merged, if any + merged_simplices = [] + for (p1, p2), triangles in edges.items(): + # I do it many times, but it's the easiest way (and anyway it's + # a set, so it should be fast: I add a point to be merged with + # itself + merge_with[triangles[0]].add(triangles[0]) + merge_with[triangles[1]].add(triangles[1]) + + if len(triangles) != 2: + # An edge shared by less (or more) than 2 triangles? + print("Warning!", p1, p2, triangles) + continue + else: + # Check if two triangles are coplanar: get the other two + # vertices that are not on the shared edge + otherpoint0 = self._get_missing_point(hull.simplices[triangles[0]], p1, p2) + otherpoint1 = self._get_missing_point(hull.simplices[triangles[1]], p1, p2) + # The actual vector coordinates + otherpoint0_p = hull.points[otherpoint0] + otherpoint1_p = hull.points[otherpoint1] + p1_p = hull.points[p1] + p2_p = hull.points[p2] + + # Check if they are coplanar + if self._are_coplanar(p2_p - p1_p, otherpoint0_p - p1_p, otherpoint1_p - p1_p): + merge_with[triangles[0]].add(triangles[1]) + merge_with[triangles[1]].add(triangles[0]) + + # PROBLEM TO SOLVE: we have to put together all groups + ## E.g. we have now: + # 0: [0, 3] + # 1: [1, 2, 3] + # 2: [1, 2] + # 3: [0, 1, 3] + ## We should get instead for all [0,1,2,3] + # So we have to do a pass to merge them all + # The algorithm below is probably wrong (actually, it is only + # probably inefficient) + + # for k, v in merge_with.items(): + # print "{}: {}".format(k, list(v)) + + # Iterate untile convergence - not sure this is correct + has_changed = True + while has_changed: + has_changed = False + # Add the missing ones + for tr in range(len(hull.simplices)): + for other1 in merge_with[tr]: + for other2 in merge_with[tr]: + if other1 not in merge_with[other2]: + has_changed = True + merge_with[other2].add(other1) + if other2 not in merge_with[other1]: + has_changed = True + merge_with[other1].add(other2) + + # convert to dict, and most importantly convert to list and sort + merge_with = {k: sorted(v) for k, v in merge_with.items()} + + # Assign to the smallest integer idx + merge_group = {k: v[0] for k, v in merge_with.items()} + + groups = defaultdict(list) + # I create a reverse index + for k, v in merge_group.items(): + groups[v].append(k) + + # List of faces (elements are lists of vertex ids) + faces = [] + + for group in groups.values(): + if len(group) == 1: + faces.append( + [hull.points[point_idx] for point_idx in hull.simplices[group[0]]] + ) + else: + # Get all points + all_points_idx = sorted( + set(np.concatenate([hull.simplices[g] for g in group])) + ) + + all_points_coords = [hull.points[point_idx] for point_idx in all_points_idx] + # Find projection in 2D: I first choose a first vector (between + # two points v1; I find the orthogonal vector to the plane b; + # I find a second vector v2 orthogonal to v1 and on the plane + # (<=> orthogonal to v1 and b); I normalize v1 and v2; + # I get the components of the vectors w.r.t. v1 and v2 + # NOTE: there is at least 1 triangle => at least 3 points + v1 = all_points_coords[1] - all_points_coords[0] + temp_v2 = all_points_coords[2] - all_points_coords[0] + b = np.cross(v1, temp_v2) + v2 = np.cross(v1, b) + # Normalize + v1 = v1 / np.linalg.norm(v1) + v2 = v2 / np.linalg.norm(v2) + # get components + x = [np.dot(point, v1) for point in all_points_coords] + y = [np.dot(point, v2) for point in all_points_coords] + # 2. do convexhull in 2D + hull_face2d = ConvexHull(np.array([x, y]).T) + # 3. get point indices of convex hull, convert back to original + # 3D indices + # 2dhull.vertices contains the segments, but with ids in the + # smaller subset. We want the indices in the initial set: + actual_points_idx = [ + all_points_idx[subset_idx] for subset_idx in hull_face2d.vertices + ] + # 4. add to faces list + faces.append( + [hull.points[point_idx].tolist() for point_idx in actual_points_idx] + ) + + ret_data["faces"] = faces + + self._hull = hull + self._delaunay = Delaunay(hull.points) + + self._triangles_vertices = ret_data["triangles_vertices"] + self._triangles = ret_data["triangles"] + self._faces = ret_data["faces"] + + def is_inside_bz(self, p: Union[list, np.array]) -> bool: + """Check if a point is within the convex hull of the Brillouin zone. + + Args: + p (Union[list, np.array]): Point to check. + + Returns: + bool: True if the point is inside the Brillouin zone, False otherwise. + """ + # returns -1 if no solution is found + return self._delaunay.find_simplex(p) >= 0 + if __name__ == "__main__": - from pylab import figure, show + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection # draw a vector @@ -260,24 +351,20 @@ def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs): FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0, 0), (0, 0), *args, **kwargs) self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs - def draw(self, renderer): + def do_3d_projection(self, renderer=None): xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d - xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) + xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, self.axes.M) self.set_positions((xs[0], ys[0]), (xs[1], ys[1])) - FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer) + return np.min(zs) ##SC # faces_data = get_BZ(b1 = [1,0,0], b2 = [0,1,0], b3 = [0,0,1]) ##BCC # faces_data = get_BZ(b1 = [1,1,0], b2 = [1,0,1], b3 = [0,1,1]) ##FCC - faces_data = get_BZ(b1=[1, 1, -1], b2=[1, -1, 1], b3=[-1, 1, 1]) - - import json - - print(json.dumps(faces_data)) + bz = BZ(b1=[1, 1, -1], b2=[1, -1, 1], b3=[-1, 1, 1]) - faces_coords = faces_data["faces"] + faces_coords = bz.faces faces_count = defaultdict(int) for face in faces_coords: @@ -285,10 +372,11 @@ def draw(self, renderer): for num_sides in sorted(faces_count.keys()): print("{} faces: {}".format(num_sides, faces_count[num_sides])) + - fig = figure() + fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d") - ax.add_collection3d( + ax.add_collection( Poly3DCollection( faces_coords, linewidth=1, alpha=0.9, edgecolor="k", facecolor="#ccccff" ) @@ -340,4 +428,4 @@ def draw(self, renderer): ax.axis("off") ax.view_init(elev=0, azim=60) - show() + plt.show()